Detection of Quinolones Resistant among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated From Clinical Specimens

The study was conducted through a period from November 2015 to may 2016, a total of 316 samples from various clinical cases of different patients were randomly collected and examined for detection of Gram negative bacteria .These clinical samples included wound swabs, burn swabs, ear swabs, sputum samples, stool, all collected samples were screened for presence of Gram negative bacteria by culturing on appropriate media and 94 Gram negative bacteria were identified via biochemical tests and confirmed by API 20E system. Overall, qnr-genes )quinolones resistance genes( were detected by multiplex PCR technique in 28/94 (29.78%) of all clinical isolates. However, the results showed that quinolones-resistance genes gave 25 positive results for qnrB, while 9 positive results for qnrS, but qnrA gene was not detected in any of the clinical isolates. Keywords: Gram negative bacteria, Antibiotics and qnr gene

Current status of tissue engineering in the management of severe hypospadias

Hypospadias, characterized by misplacement of the urinary meatus in the lower side of the penis, is a frequent birth defect in male children. Because of the huge variation in the anatomic presentation of hypospadias, no single urethroplasty procedure is suitable for all situations. Hence, many surgical techniques have emerged to address the shortage of tissues required to bridge the gap in the urethra particularly in the severe forms of hypospadias. However, the rate of postoperative complications of currently available surgical procedures reaches up to one-fourth of the patients having severe hypospadias. Moreover, these urethroplasty techniques are technically demanding and require considerable surgical experience. These limitations have fueled the development of novel tissue engineering techniques that aim to simplify the surgical procedures and to reduce the rate of complications. Several types of biomaterials have been considered for urethral repair, including synthetic and natural polymers, which in some cases have been seeded with cells prior to implantation. These methods have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies, with variable degrees of success. This review describes the different urethral tissue engineering methodologies, with focus on the approaches used for the treatment of hypospadias. At present, despite many significant advances, the search for a suitable tissue engineering approach for use in routine clinical applications continues. 2018 Abbas, Mahdi, Hasan, AlAnsari and Pennisi.Scopu

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of some novel Formazans Derivatives

In the present investigation, a series of novel formazans 4[a – h]were synthesized by the condensation of Schiff bases2[a-c] and diazonium salt chloride of various substituted aromatic amines 3[a-c] . The intermediate Schiff bases (2a-2h) were itself synthesized by the condensation of different aromatic amines2( thiocarbohydrazide , nicotinic hydrazide , carbohydrazide) with various aromatic aldehydes1.The completion of reactions  was checked by TLC.The structures of the  formazan compoundswere identified by FT- IR ,1H-NMR , 13C- NMR and mass spectral studies. Newly synthesized compound was  screened for their anti- hyperglycemiaactivity. Keywords:: Formazans, Schiff bases Anti-hyperglycemi

DETERMINATION, ISOLATION, AND IDENTIFICATION OF AUCUBIN AND VERBASCOSIDE IN THE LEAVES OF IRAQI PLANTAGO LANCOLETA L. USING DIFFERENT DETECTING METHODS

Objective: Plantago lanceoleta L. (ribwort plantain) is one of the important medicinal herbs which is widespread fortune available in Iraq, that have a wide range of medicinal properties. The aim of this work was to determine, isolate and identify verbascoside and aucubin in Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. by using different chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Methods: Verbascoside and aucubin were isolated and quantified by preparative TLC, and then they were determined by the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Aucubin and catalpol in the plant extract were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); aucubin and verbascoside that isolated from the plant sample were examined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and LC-MS, respectively. Results: The result showed that the Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. contains 1.74 percent (verbascoside) and 0.24 percent (aucubin) of dry powdered leaves. Each TLC-isolated compound showed a single spot on the HPTLC plate, which give an idea about the purity of the isolated compound. Aucubin (with catalpol) and verbascoside both are detected by LC-MS in different ionization mode. Many functional groups were identified in the TLC-isolated aucubin by FT-IR. Conclusion: The Iraqi P. lanceoleta L. showed a high content of verbasoside, and it is a very rich source for this compound, which can be easily isolated by TLC and subjected to many pharmacological studies. The extract of the young leaves of this plant gave a little amount of aucubin, and it is easy to obtain a higher content from the older leaves

The possible role of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles in prevention of neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in 6-hydroxydopamineinduced parkinsonian disease

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) is an efficient neuroprotective agent and showed promising effects in some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. However, the implication of CeO2NPs in Parkinsonism remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of CeO2NPs as a neuroprotective agent against the development of behavioral and biochemical changes in rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Thirty rats were included and received left intrastriatal injection of either saline (controls, n = 10) or 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) in untreated group (n = 10) and 10 rats were received intraperitoneal injection of low dose CeO2NPs two hours before surgery, and continued once daily for 6 weeks (preventive group). At the end of experimental period, rats were subjected to behavioral assessment and then killed for biochemical analysis of striatal dopamine levels, oxidative stress markers and caspase-3 activity. Results showed that CeO2NPs resulted in partial neuroprotection against disturbances in motor performance. It also partially decreased apoptosis and oxidative stress in preventive group, while it failed to increase striatal dopamine level as compared to untreated rats. The present study verified some neuroprotective effects of CeO2NPs in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonian rats through their antioxidant and anti apoptotic effects. Some of these effects persisted till the end of six weeks whereas others declined after three weeks. A larger dose may be needed to produce more valuable effects and to maintain protection for a longer period