Strategic Supplementation for Compensatory Growth in Tharparkar Calves Fed Low Quality Forages

When animals are kept under feed restriction for a certain period of time followed by availability of feed again had high growth rate and even exceeded those of animals that were well fed throughout the same period (Tolla et al., 2003), because of physiological impulse called compensatory gain. Thus it improves feed efficiency and reduces feeding cost (Neto et al., 2011). However, when this happens in females growing calves it is desirable, provided it does not occur during puberty so that there is no reproductive damage. But compensatory growth varies depending upon the intensity and duration of under nutrition before re-alimentation. In the present study the effects of moderate level of feed restriction and later re-alimentation with strategic supplementation approach (a mixture of protein and energy sources) on nutritional status and growth performances were recorded in female growing calves

Casting of thrown away tool steel bits in the centrifugal casting route

Cutting tools get worn out due to wear and are ground in order to use them again. This wear may be due to abrasive wear, diffusion wear, fatigue wear, adhesive wear. Wear of tool steels leads to shortening of the length, so small that the tool bits are no more usable. These waste and thrown away tool bits were collected which may include steel waste, pig iron, molybdenum iron, chromium iron, vanadium iron, tungsten iron and other waste material. This mixture was melted in induction furnace at temperature about 1600 o C to 1700 o C. After that the casting of the melt was done through the centrifugal route at speeds of 200 rpm and 250 rpm. The cast obtained is in the shape of tool steel cylinder. Then the samples were prepared for the hardness test, machinability test and SEM analysis. The hardness was measured across the radius of the cast cylinder by using Rockwell hardness test machine in C-scale. The machinability test specimens were taken from the outer zone of the cast cylinder and the test was carried out in Lathe by keeping the variables such as rotation speed (420 rpm), feed rate (0.15 KM), rack angle (10 0 ) material to be machined (mild steel) and time of machining (5 minutes 40 seconds) constant. The machinability of the centrifugally cast samples were compared with the as-cast samples. SEM micrographs were taken for the outer region of the cast cylinder and a comparative study was made with the as-cast samples. We found that there is an increase in hardness values with the distance from the centre to the outer periphery of the cast samples also the hardness values are higher for speed 250 rpm than 200 rpm. The Machinability of the centrifugally cast samples was better than generally used tool steels

EDM of Al7075-B4C-flyash hybrid metal matrix nano-composites and optimization of sustainable measures using genetic algorithm

Sustainability is an important approach in today’s manufacturing environment to achieve overall efficiency in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects. This research work aims to investigate the applicability of sustainability in electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Al7075-B4C-flyash hybrid metal matrix nano-composites (HMMNCs). The machining experiments are conducted using central composite design with voltage (V), current (I), pulse-on-time (Ton) and pulse-off-time (Toff) as process parameters and surface roughness and power consumption are being sustainable measures. Mathematical predictive models were developed using response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted performance of the model shows an error percentage 3.76% and 3.97% for surface roughness and power consumption respectively. The experimental results obtained are analysed using 3D contour plots and current and pulse-on-time found most dominating parameters. The sustainable measures are optimized simultaneously using the popular optimization tool i.e., genetic algorithm. The Pareto optimal fronts provide different optimum cutting conditions for production of components with minimum power consumption satisfying the desired surface roughness value. The approach is found to be an effective tool and can be developed with minimum effort and help shop floor engineer towards sustainable machining approach

Flux vacua with approximate flat directions

We present a novel method to obtain type IIB flux vacua with flat directions at tree level. We perform appropriate choices of flux quanta that induce relations between the flux superpotential and its derivatives. This method is implemented in toroidal and Calabi-Yau compactifications in the large complex structure limit. Explicit solutions are obtained and classified on the basis of duality equivalences. In the toroidal case we present solutions with N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetry and arbitrarily weak coupling. In Calabi-Yaus we find novel perturbatively flat vacua, as well as solutions with non-zero flux superpotential and an axionic flat direction which represent a promising starting point for de Sitter constructions from non-zero F-terms in the complex structure sector. The higher order (perturbative and non-perturbative) effects that can lift these flat directions are discussed. We also outline applications in a wide variety of settings involving the classical Regge growth conjecture, inflation and quintessence, supersymmetry breaking and F-term de Sitter uplifting

Radion effects on unitarity in gauge-boson scattering

The scalar field associated with fluctuations in the positions of the two branes, the ``radion'', plays an important role determining the cosmology and collider phenomenology of the Randall-Sundrum solution to the hierarchy problem. It is now well known that the radion mass is of order the weak scale, and that its couplings to standard model fields are order 1/TeV to the trace of the energy momentum tensor. We calculate longitudinal vector boson scattering amplitudes to explore the constraints on the radion mass and its coupling from perturbative unitarity. The scattering cross section can indeed become non-perturbative at energies prior to reaching the TeV brane cutoff scale, but only when some curvature-Higgs mixing on the TeV brane is present. We show that the coefficient of the curvature-Higgs mixing operator must be less than about 3 for the 4-d effective theory to respect perturbative unitarity up to the TeV brane cutoff scale. Mass bounds on the Higgs boson and the radion are also discussed.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 5 eps figures, uses epsf.sty and axodraw.st

A Literature Review on various Ayurveda Dosage forms

Ayurvedic medicines are intended for internal and external use, for or in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals. Traditional medicine is finding more significance and application today, particularly when we are facing difficulty in the management of numerous medical conditions. Ayurveda is an ancient system of medical science which elucidates about the different forms of dosage, which is the physical form of a medication deliberate for administration. As per Ayurveda the different types of dosage forms can be prepared by the Vaidya (physician) according to Yukti (solution by scientific logic), Seeing Samyog, Vishesha, Kala and Samskara. Different types of dosage forms have been described in the Ayurvedic text. These all are classified in to different types such as Aushadha Kalpana, Aahara Kalpana, and Bahya and Abhyantara Kalpana, including solid, liquid and semisolid forms, As well as their sources also such as plant, animal and mineral origin. The Dosage forms are mainly pre medicated to increase shelf life, palatability and to potency. These all can be used for both purposes internally and externally. Few of the dosage forms of them have been described mainly based on the physical mode of medicine, its uses and advantages

Concept & utility of Nanotechnology in the standardization of Rasadravya

The ancient application of nanomedicine in the form of Ayurvedic Bhasma throws a light on the safer usage of present nanomedicine for a living being and the environment. The use of nanoparticulate metals in therapeutics has been a common practice in Ayurveda. All Bhasma have some common properties such as Rasayana (immunomodulation & anti-aging quality), Yogavahi (target drug delivery), Alpamatra (prescribed in minute doses), Shigravyapi (spreads quickly and fast acting) and Agnideepana (increases metabolism at cellular level and acts as catalyst). Bhasma can be employed for selective/ targeted/controlled drug delivery as they are biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonantigenic in nature. Bhasma is biologically produced nanoparticles with quick and targeted action. E.g Gold nanoparticles in Swarna Bhasma. Ayurvedic Bhasma is considered very safe and economical in comparison to contemporary metal based nanomedicines. The benefits of nanomedicines are indubitable and unstoppable, nevertheless, and safety- related studies should also be carried out rigorously and planned in order to provide guidelines for safer manufacturing practices, keeping care of ecology, and environment. Hence, Ayurvedic Bhasma may hold strong relevance in the emerging era of nanomedicine and can serve as an excellent template for the development of nanomedicine for an efficient therapeutic cure

CHARACTERISATION OF PYROLYSIS OIL DERIVED FROM TEAK TREE SAW DUST AND RICE HUSK

The teak tree saw dust (TTSD) and rice husk (RH) were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at the temperature of 450°C. The feedstock particle sizes for both the biomasses were in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm. About 33.3 and 35 wt% liquid yields were found from TTSD and RH respectively. The calorific values were recorded as 23.41 and 20.01 MJ/kg for TTSD and RH bio-oils respectively, which are slightly higher than their respective biomasses. The kinematic viscosities of the bio-oils were found to be in the range of 6.8-8.1 cSt, which are quite lower than many other bio-oils. The pH value of TTSD bio-oil (i.e., 3.4) was slightly higher than the RH bio-oil (i.e., 2.8). The bio-oils indicated acidic nature with low pH value, e.g., 2.8-3.4. The bio-oils contained mostly the carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups to represent phenols and alcohols. Both TTSD and RH have the potential to produce pyrolysis oil; however, it requires certain upgradations to make it useful for engines

Radion effects on the production of an intermediate-mass scalar and Z at LEP II

We have studied the $e^+ e^- \to Z \phi_i \to Z jj$ process, where $\phi_i$ is the Higgs and/or radion bosons. The implications of the radion effects on the preliminary ALEPH data are also discussed. The case of the lighter radion than Higgs boson is disfavored by the ALEPH analyses of the $b$ tagged four-jet data, since the radion predominantly decays into two gluon jets due to the QCD trace anomaly. If the radion is highly degenerate in mass with the Higgs, the cross section can be increased more than at one sigma level, with natural scale of the vacuum expectation value of the radion.Comment: 10 pages, 1 Postscript figure, final version to appear in PR

Violation of supersymmetric equivalence in R parity violating couplings

In this paper we consider the violation of supersymmetric equvalence among the R parity violating couplings $lamabda_{ijk}$ caused by widely split chiral supermultiplets. We find that if $\lambda^{\prime}_{2jk}=g$ and $\lambda^{\prime}_{1jk}=e$ then the violation of SUSY equivalence is of the order of $5-6$ in heavy SQCD models. On the other hand if $\lambda^{\prime}_{3jk}=g$ and $\lambda_{ijk}=e$ then the violation of SUSY equivalence can be as large as 9.4% in 2-1 models.Comment: Plain Tex, 7 pages, no figure