PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ANILARI RAS: A HERBO MINERAL COMPOUND

Rasasastra is a branch of Ayurvedic medicine which deals with preparation of the drugs with metals and minerals having higher therapeutic efficacy with quick action in minute dose. Present preparation Anilari Ras is a herbo-mineral formulation used for treating all types of Vata disorders. This drug is a variety of Tamra bhasma (incinerated Copper) preparation processed with Shodit parad (Purified Mercury), Shodit Gandhak (Purified Sulphur), Shodit Tamra (Purified Copper) and Bhavana dravyas (liquids used for trituration) are Nirgundi patra swarasa (Vitex negundo Linn.),  Eranda mula kashaya (Ricinus communis Linn) and Citraka mula kashaya (Plumbago zeylanica Linn). Triturating Rasa drugs with herbal liquids (Bhavana) increases the efficacy of formulation. Puta in the preparation imparts Laghutva (easily assimilating) property, helps in particle reduction and facilitates nano particle formation which enhances rapid action of the medicine. The pharmaceutically developed drug was subjected for certain Analytical tests like Organoleptic, Physico-chemical, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy- Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), with a view to standardize the formulation. The results show major peaks of Meta Cinnabar (HgS), Covellite (CuS) and minor peaks of Sulphur (S8). The Average grain size in SEM at 5K X is 218.4 nm and at 7K X is 210.0 nm

Sensitivity analysis of a double corrugated waveguide slow wave structure for a 151 - 161.5 GHz TWT

TWTs at D-band (141 – 174.5 GHz) are the most promising solution to provide high transmission power for enabling long range wireless links with high capacity at sub-THz frequency. A D-band TWT was designed in the 151-161.5 GHz frequency band with about 10 W output power. The double corrugated waveguide is adopted as slow wave structure (SWS) for the relatively easy fabrication and alignment in comparison to other SWSs typically used at sub-THz frequency. Due to the short wavelength at D-band, the fabrication requires high precision computerised numerically controlled (CNC) milling machining and tight tolerance control. The sensitivity analysis of performance as a function of the dimensions of a device is an important method to predict in advance how the performance of the device is affected by geometry variations, and also to ascertain the required level of fabrication accuracy to meet the specifications. The sensitivity analysis is also useful to define the best initial dimensions for further optimization. This paper discusses the sensitivity analysis applied to the double corrugated waveguide (DCW) to be used in a 151-161.5 GHz TWT. A broad range of parameters are considered demonstrating the importance of fabrication accuracy and the eventual correction options for a correct functioning. The impact of fillets in the DCW pillars is also evaluated to eventually ease the fabrication requirement

Impacts of perianal disease and faecal incontinence on quality of life and employment in 1092 patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background: Patient reported outcomes regarding perianal disease and faecal incontinence in the community-based inflammatory bowel disease population are poorly described. Aims: To determine the impacts of perianal disease and faecal incontinence on quality of life and employment in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a comprehensive survey was sent out to members of the Dutch National Crohn's and Colitis patient organisation. Validated questionnaires regarding faecal incontinence and active perianal disease were used to estimate its prevalence's. The effect on the quality of life (36-Item Short Form Survey) and on employment status (multivariate binary regression analysis) was assessed in this inflammatory bowel disease population. Results: A total number of 1092 returned questionnaires (58% responders) were used for analysis; 750 respondents (69%) were female; mean age was 47 years (IQR 35-59). In 621 patients (57%) Crohn's disease, in 422 (39%) ulcerative colitis and in 49 (4%) patients unclassifiable inflammatory bowel disease was self-reported. The 114 patients (10%) with a stoma were excluded for continence related analyses. Faecal incontinence was reported in 555 patients (57%), was comparable between the different inflammatory bowel disease diagnoses and affected all 36-Item Short Form Survey subscales adversely (incontinence vs continence: Physical functioning 75 vs 84, P < 0.0001; Limitations due to physical health 49 vs 63, P < 0.0001; Limitations due to emotional problems 49 vs 64, P < 0.0001; Energy/fatigue 47 vs 53, P < 0.0001; Emotional well-being 71 vs 74, P = 0.005; Social functioning 63 vs 73, P < 0.0001; Pain 66 vs 75, P < 0.0001; General health 41 vs 48, P < 0.0001). Active perianal disease was reported in 39% Crohn's disease, 16% ulcerative colitis (84% fissures) and 20% unclassifiable inflammatory bowel disease patients. Faecal incontinence was more common in patients with perianal disease (67% vs 53%, P = 0.003). When correcting for age, disease duration, inflammatory bowel disease-related surgery and faecal incontinence, active perianal disease was independently affecting employment (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.91; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Faecal incontinence and perianal disease are quality of life determining factors. Faecal incontinence needs more attention among clinicians, and development of new (drug) therapies needs to be focussed on perianal disease

Design and fabrication of a D-band traveling wave tube for millimeter wave communications

The design and fabrication aspects of a novel D-band (141 GHz-148.5 GHz) Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) for enabling the first point to multipoint front end at D-band, objective of European Commission H2020 ULTRAWAVE is presented. The ULTRAWAVE system will provide unprecedented wireless area capacity over wide area sectors, with radius up to 500 - 600 m for the future 5G high density small cell deployment. The design and fabrication processes adopted for the TWT are focused to find new low cost solutions for TWTs at millimetre waves to satisfy the requirements of the wireless market. The proposed TWT will provide more than 10 W saturated output power for achieving more than 100 Gb/s/km2 of area capacity over 600 meters radius wide angle sector, with 99.99% availability in ITU zone K

Design of Slow Wave Structure for G-band TWT for High Data Rate Links

The need of high data rate can be satisfied only by wide frequency bands in the millimetre wave region. This paper presents the design of a G-band (215 – 250 GHz) Traveling Wave Tube with 40 dB gain for wireless communications, based on the double corrugated waveguide. The structure of the TWT is based on a single section, instead of the typical configuration of two sections with a sever used at microwave frequency. This is possible due to the high losses at those frequency that permit a stable behaviour. This paper reports both cold and hot simulations

Design of D-band Double Corrugated Waveguide TWT for Wireless Communications

The European Commission Horizon 2020 ULTRAWAVE, “Ultra capacity wireless layer beyond 100 GHz based on millimeter wave Traveling Wave Tubes”, aims to exploit portions of two frequency bands in the millimetre wave spectrum, the D-band (141 – 148.5 GHz) and the G-band (275 – 305 GHz) for creating a very high capacity layer. Due to the high atmosphere and rain attenuation, high transmission power is needed to provide a useful transmission range. Traveling Wave Tubes are the only devices that can provide the multi-Watt transmission power above 100 GHz. In this paper, the design of the Double Corrugated Waveguide (DCW), as slow wave structure, for a novel D-band TWT, for wireless communications, will be described

Development of a D-band Traveling Wave Tube for high data rate wireless links

biquitous wireless distribution of multi- gigabit per second data rate for enabling new 5G and 6G paradigms can be only achieved by exploiting the wide fre- quency bands available in the sub-THz spectrum (90 - 305 GHz). The high total attenuation at sub-THz, in particular due to rain and humidity, poses a substantial challenge to achieve long links, not yet resolved due to the lack of sources with adequate transmission power. Sub-THz traveling wave tubes are emerging as key components to ensure high signal to noise ratio over a large coverage area or for long distance. This paper will describe the design and fabrication of a novel TWT for enabling point to multipoint wireless distribution at D-band (141 - 148.5 GHz). To be suitable for the wireless market, TWTs need to be low cost and of easy manufacture for large scale production. The proposed D-band TWT uses a double corrugated waveg- uide as slow wave structure and a new electron gun, both devised for easy assembly and low fabrication cost. The paper describes the design process, the development of the parts of the TWT and the first prototype assembly

Long-range millimetre wave wireless links enabled by travelling wave tubes and resonant tunnelling diodes

High data rate wireless links are an affordable and easily deployable solution to replace or complement fibre. The wide frequency band available at millimetre waves above 100 GHz can support multi-gigabit per second data rate. However, the high attenuation due to rain and humidity poses a substantial obstacle to long-range links. This study describes a wireless system being developed for point-to-point links at D-band (DLINK), above 150 GHz, to enable a full fibre-on-air link with more than 1 km range and unprecedented data rate up to 45 Gb/s. The upper end of the D-band spectrum is used (151.5–174.8 GHz) in full frequency division duplex transmission. The DLINK system consists of a transmitter using a directly modulated resonant tunnelling diode oscillator powered by novel travelling wave tubes. The performance and the small footprint of the front end will make the DLINK system highly competitive to the point-to-point links presently available in the market at frequencies below 100 GHz. The innovative approach and the design are oriented to large-scale productions to satisfy the high data traffic demand of the new 5G infrastructure

\u3cem\u3eDACH1\u3c/em\u3e Mutation Frequency in Endometrial Cancer Is Associated with High Tumor Mutation Burden

OBJECTIVE: DACH1 is a transcriptional repressor and tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in melanoma, bladder, and prostate cancer. Loss of DACH1 expression is associated with poor prognostic features and reduced overall survival in uterine cancer. In this study, we utilized the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) Avatar database to determine the frequency of DACH1 mutations in patients with endometrial cancer in our Kentucky population. METHODS: We obtained clinical and genomic data for 65 patients with endometrial cancer from the Markey Cancer Center (MCC). We examined the clinical attributes of the cancers by DACH1 status by comparing whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA Sequencing (RNASeq), microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB). RESULTS: Kentucky women with endometrial cancer had an increased frequency of DACH1 mutations (12/65 patients, 18.5%) compared to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) endometrial cancer population (25/586 patients, 3.8%) with p-value = 1.04E-05. DACH1 mutations were associated with increased tumor mutation count in both TCGA (median 65 vs. 8972, p-value = 7.35E-09) and our Kentucky population (490 vs. 2160, p-value = 6.0E-04). DACH1 mutated patients have a higher tumor mutation burden compared to DACH1 wild-type (24 vs. 6.02, p-value = 4.29E-05). DACH1 mutations showed significant gene co-occurrence patterns with POLE, MLH1, and PMS2. DACH1 mutations were not associated with an increase in microsatellite instability at MCC (MSI-H) (p-value = 0.1342). CONCLUSIONS: DACH1 mutations are prevalent in Kentucky patients with endometrial cancer. These mutations are associated with high tumor mutational burden and co-occur with genome destabilizing gene mutations. These findings suggest DACH1 may be a candidate biomarker for future trials with immunotherapy, particularly in endometrial cancers

The Molecular Basis of Vitamin D Receptor and β-Catenin Crossregulation

The signaling/oncogenic activity of β-catenin can be repressed by activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Conversely, high levels of β-catenin can potentiate the transcriptional activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D). We show here that the effects of β-catenin on VDR activity are due to interaction between the activator function-2 (AF-2) domain of the VDR and C terminus of β-catenin. Acetylation of the β-catenin C terminus differentially regulates its ability to activate TCF or VDR-regulated promoters. Mutation of a specific residue in the AF-2 domain, which renders the VDR trancriptionally inactive in the context of classical coactivators, still allows interaction with β-catenin and ligand-dependent activation of VDRE-containing promoters. VDR antagonists, which block the VDRE-directed activity of the VDR and recruitment of classical coactivators, do allow VDR to interact with β-catenin, which suggests that these and perhaps other ligands would permit those functions of the VDR that involve β-catenin interaction.The authors wish to acknowledge the support of National Institutes of Health grants DK058196 and U54 CA100971 (S.W.B.), the AACR-Bristol Myers Squibb Translational Fellowship in Colon Cancer (S.S.), and the following LCCC Core Facilities: macromolecular analysis, microscopy, and tissue culture