Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Disease. What Precautions for the Healthcare Professional?

Background: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic is more pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa. The ever-increasing prevalence of HIV infection and the continued improvement in clinical management has increased the likelihood of these patients being managed by healthcare workers. The aim of the review was to assess current literature on the risks of transmission of HIV infection and protection of the healthcare worker.Methods: A literature review was performed using MEDLINE articles addressing ‘human immunodeficiency virus’, ‘HIV’, ‘Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome’, ‘AIDS’, ‘HIV and Surgery’. We also manually searched relevant surgical journals and completed the bibliographic compilation by collecting cross references from published papers.Results: Transmission is by contamination with body fluids for example needle-stick injury and blood splashes. The risk of HIV transmission from patient to healthcare worker always exists. The risk of transmission is very small and depends on the type of discipline and type of procedure. Hollow needles are more dangerous than suture needles. Sero-conversion is, however, very minimal. Universal precautions are emphasised. In case of needle-stick injury or splash it is important that affected healthcare workers take post-exposure prophylaxis.Conclusion: Occupational HIV transmission is lower than that for other infections. However, protection of all health care personnel should be the prime objective. Universal infection control guidelines must be accepted and strictly enforced. A prompt response to blood contact is crucial and post-exposure prophylaxis is essentia

Remains of mining in the territory of villages´ Červenica and Zlatá Baňa in the mountain range of Slanské vrchy

This article is devoted to the territory that is recondite for mining activities. It is situated in a north part of the mountain range of Slanské vrchy. There are villages that were known as mining villages in the past. The mining activities for gold, silver and mercury had only a local economical importance, beside of the output or production of opal. The output of opal on this territory was world noted, in the past. The aim of this article is to remit at some historical facts about former mines and to draw our attention to some attempts for building up, the educational and touristic path on this territory

Eye tracking

Tato práce se zabývá trasováním očí ve videu v reálném čase za použití ozařování infračerveným zářením a detekcí jeho odrazu na zorničkách. Popisuje lidské oko a jeho reakce na infračervené záření. Obsahuje návrhy hardwarového i softwarového řešení a konečnou realizaci základní varianty v prostředí Simulink, osvětluje vybrané metody číslicového zpracování obrazu a v závěru obsahuje zhodnocení použité metody.This work deals with tracing the eyes in real-time video using infrared radiation treatment and detection of its rebound on pupils. It describes the human eye and its response to infrared radiation. It contains proposals for hardware and software solutions and the final realization of the basic options in Simulink, explains the selected methods of digital image processing and includes an assessment of the methods used in this work in conclusion.

Financial technology and bank risk-taking behavior: a case of selected South African banks

Thesis (MCom) -- Faculty of Commerce, Economics and Economic History, 202

Software for retinal image processing

Práce se zabývá praktickým řešením softwaru pro zpracování retinálních snímku. Teoreticky popisuje lidské oko, glaukomové onemocnění známé také jako zelený zákal. Rozebírá vlastnosti retinálních snímků a možnosti jejich úpravy s důrazem na zvýraznění nervových vláken. Tyto úpravy následně používá pro návrh zautomatizovaného zpracování snímku. Jedna kapitola je také věnována detekci a analýze vrstvy nervových vláken. Praktická část obsahuje uživatelský manuál softwarové realizace aplikace Image Blockz, která vznikla v rámci této diplomové práce. Dále je součástí praktické části příručka programátora, popisující základní strukturu programu a možnosti jejího rozšíření.This thesis deals with practical solutions of software for retinal images digital processing. The theoretic part describes human eye and retinal anatomy and also glaucoma disease. It is also focused on description of method for retinal nerve fiber layer enhancement and analysis. These enhancement are then used for designing of automated image processing. One chapter is devoted to detection and analysis of retinal nerve fibers layer. The practical part includes the user manual for application Image Blockz, which was established within this thesis. Further practical part contains the programmer's manual describing the basic structure of the program and its possible extensions.