91 research outputs found

    Von der Natur lernen : Enzyme als Vorbild fĂĽr die moderne Katalysatorforschung

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    Die Suche nach neuen Katalysatoren ist einer der wichtigsten Forschungszweige der Chemie. Die effizientesten Katalysatoren – die Enzyme – wurden allerdings nicht von Wissenschaftlern entwickelt, sondern sind aus Millionen Jahren Evolution hervorgegangen. Durch moderne Strukturaufklärungsmethoden lassen sich viele Enzyme in die Karten schauen und dienen Chemikern als Blaupause für neue synthetische Katalysatoren. Diese zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie wesentlich besser zugänglich und robuster sind als ihr natürliches Vorbild. Mit diesem biomimetischen Ansatz gelang es uns erstmals, die Glutamat-Dehydrogenase nachzuahmen. Dadurch vereinfacht sich die industrielle Synthese von Aminen, die wichtige Bausteine für Naturstoffe und Pharmazeutika sind. Auch auf die Herstellung von Antibiotika lässt sich dieses Prinzip übertragen

    Visible-light photoredox catalyzed synthesis of pyrroloisoquinolines via organocatalytic oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative aromatization reaction cascade with Rose Bengal

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    Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline alkaloids have been prepared via a visible light photoredox catalyzed oxidation/[3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidative aromatization cascade using Rose Bengal as an organo-photocatalyst. A variety of pyrroloisoquinolines have been obtained in good yields under mild and metal-free reaction conditions

    A review of new developments in the Friedel–Crafts alkylation – From green chemistry to asymmetric catalysis

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    The development of efficient Friedel–Crafts alkylations of arenes and heteroarenes using only catalytic amounts of a Lewis acid has gained much attention over the last decade. The new catalytic approaches described in this review are favoured over classical Friedel–Crafts conditions as benzyl-, propargyl- and allyl alcohols, or styrenes, can be used instead of toxic benzyl halides. Additionally, only low catalyst loadings are needed to provide a wide range of products. Following a short introduction about the origin and classical definition of the Friedel–Crafts reaction, the review will describe the different environmentally benign substrates which can be applied today as an approach towards greener processes. Additionally, the first diastereoselective and enantioselective Friedel–Crafts-type alkylations will be highlighted

    Asymmetric bronsted acid catalysis

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    Visible Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions

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    Oxidative three-component reactions for the direct synthesis of α-amino amides and imides from tertiary amines have been developed. These reactions involve the functionalization of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H bonds adjacent to nitrogen atoms <i>via</i> mild aerobic oxidation using visible light photoredox catalysis. The protocols are applicable to a wide range of amines and isocyanides, as well as water and carboxylic acids, providing straightforward access to a variety of highly functionalized α-amino amides and imides
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