A natureza jurídica dos recursos ambientais comuns / The legal nature of common environmental resource

As abordagens acerca do comum tradicionalmente estão atreladas à ideia de propriedade, atribuindo-se àquele um caráter meramente residual. Essa fórmula não tem mais lugar, pois os recursos ambientais abarcados pelo conceito do comum não se definem em termos de propriedade justamente em face de seu caráter indisponível. O presente estudo busca, pois, estabelecer a natureza jurídica dos recursos ambientais comuns, averiguando sua origem e principais características. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho é a básica-qualitativa, e com relação aos procedimentos técnicos, realiza-se pesquisa bibliográfica, procedendo-se ao levantamento de material já publicado sobre o tema disponível em livros, periódicos, documentos, textos e material disponibilizado na internet. A conclusão a que se chega, após a realização da pesquisa, foi de que o comum é autônomo, traduzindo-se no princípio de um novo direito, e se apresentando como alternativa ao direito de propriedade. Os bens comuns possuem natureza jurídica de bens inapropriáveis, sendo, no entanto, passíveis de regulação.

A (in)suficiência da lei 13.123 de 2015 na proteção do patrimônio genetico e dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade / The (in)sufficiency of law 12.123 of 2015 for the protection of genetic heritage and associated traditional knowledge with biodiversity

A Lei 13.123/2015 é alvo de diversas críticas pautadas, sobretudo, na preponderância do seu caráter economicista em detrimento da proteção do patrimônio genético e dos conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo é identificar se as inovações da lei supracitada se coadunam com os objetivos protetivos anunciados, ou se a mesma é insuficiente à consecução dessa finalidade. Metodologicamente, o trabalho é pautado na pesquisa básica-qualitativa, visando adquirir maior conhecimentos acerca da citada lei, e uma melhor e mais ampla compreensão sobre o tema. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos, é realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, procedendo-se ao levantamento de material já publicado sobre o assunto disponível em livros, periódicos, documentos, textos e material disponibilizado na internet. A conclusão foi a de que a Lei 13.123/2015, não se coaduna com objetivos por ela anunciados, mostrando-se insuficiente à proteção do patrimônio genético e aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados.

Comprehensive Quantification of the Modified Proteome Reveals Oxidative Heart Damage in Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy

Post-translational modifications hugely increase the functional diversity of proteomes. Recent algorithms based on ultratolerant database searching are forging a path to unbiased analysis of peptide modifications by shotgun mass spectrometry. However, these approaches identify only one-half of the modified forms potentially detectable and do not map the modified residue. Moreover, tools for the quantitative analysis of peptide modifications are currently lacking. Here, we present a suite of algorithms that allows comprehensive identification of detectable modifications, pinpoints the modified residues, and enables their quantitative analysis through an integrated statistical model. These developments were used to characterize the impact of mitochondrial heteroplasmy on the proteome and on the modified peptidome in several tissues from 12-week-old mice. Our results reveal that heteroplasmy mainly affects cardiac tissue, inducing oxidative damage to proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation system, and provide a molecular mechanism explaining the structural and functional alterations produced in heart mitochondria.We thank Simon Bartlett (CNIC) for English editing. This study was supported by competitive grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (BIO2015-67580-P) through the Carlos III Institute of Health-Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (PRB2, IPT13/0001-ISCIII-SGEFI/FEDER; ProteoRed), by Fundacion La Marato TV3, and by FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN ``Next-Generation Training in Cardiovascular Research and Innovation-Cardionext.'' N.B. is a FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN-Cardionext Fellow. The CNIC is supported by the MINECO and the Pro-CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MINECO Award SEV-2015-0505).S

Transcriptome and proteome mapping in the sheep atria reveal molecular featurets of atrial fibrillation progression.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of hospitalization and adverse cardiovascular events. There is a clear demand for more inclusive and large-scale approaches to understand the molecular drivers responsible for AF, as well as the fundamental mechanisms governing the transition from paroxysmal to persistent and permanent forms. In this study, we aimed to create a molecular map of AF and find the distinct molecular programmes underlying cell type-specific atrial remodelling and AF progression. We used a sheep model of long-standing, tachypacing-induced AF, sampled right and left atrial tissue, and isolated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from control, intermediate (transition), and late time points during AF progression, and performed transcriptomic and proteome profiling. We have merged all these layers of information into a meaningful three-component space in which we explored the genes and proteins detected and their common patterns of expression. Our data-driven analysis points at extracellular matrix remodelling, inflammation, ion channel, myofibril structure, mitochondrial complexes, chromatin remodelling, and genes related to neural function, as well as critical regulators of cell proliferation as hallmarks of AF progression. Most important, we prove that these changes occur at early transitional stages of the disease, but not at later stages, and that the left atrium undergoes significantly more profound changes than the right atrium in its expression programme. The pattern of dynamic changes in gene and protein expression replicate the electrical and structural remodelling demonstrated previously in the sheep and in humans, and uncover novel mechanisms potentially relevant for disease treatment. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of AF progression in a large animal model shows that significant changes occur at early stages, and that among others involve previously undescribed increase in mitochondria, changes to the chromatin of atrial CMs, and genes related to neural function and cell proliferation.This work was supported by the Spanish government (BFU2017-84914-P to M.M.; FPI Fellowship to A.A.-F.; FPU Fellowship to R.R.), and in part by grants to J.J. from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01 grant HL122352 NIH/NHLBI), the Leducq Foundation (Transatlantic Network of Excellence Program on Structural Alterations in the Myocardium and the Substrate for Cardiac Fibrillation), and the University of Michigan Health System–Peking University Health Science Center Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research (UMHS-PUHSC; project: Molecular Mechanisms of Fibrosis and the Progression from Paroxysmal to Persistent Atrial Fibrillation). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S

iSanXoT: A standalone application for the integrative analysis of mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics data.

Many bioinformatics tools are available for the quantitative analysis of proteomics experiments. Most of these tools use a dedicated statistical model to derive absolute quantitative protein values from mass spectrometry (MS) data. Here, we present iSanXoT, a standalone application that processes relative abundances between MS signals and then integrates them sequentially to upper levels using the previously published Generic Integration Algorithm (GIA). iSanXoT offers unique capabilities that complement conventional quantitative software applications, including statistical weighting and independent modeling of error distributions in each integration, aggregation of technical or biological replicates, quantification of posttranslational modifications, and analysis of coordinated protein behavior. iSanXoT is a standalone, user-friendly application that accepts output from popular proteomics pipelines and enables unrestricted creation of quantification workflows and fully customizable reports that can be reused across projects or shared among users. Numerous publications attest the successful application of diverse integrative workflows constructed using the GIA for the analysis of high-throughput quantitative proteomics experiments. iSanXoT has been tested with the main operating systems. Download links for the corresponding distributions are available at https://github.com/CNIC-Proteomics/iSanXoT/releases.This study was supported by competitive grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018–097019-BI00, PID2021–122348NB-I00, PLEC2022–009235 and PLEC2022–009298), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigacion ´ Sanitaria grant PRB3 (PT17/0019/0003- ISCIII-SGEFI / ERDF, ProteoRed), Comunidad de Madrid (IMMUNO-VAR, P2022/BMD7333), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU18/ 03882, FPU20/03365 and PRE2019-090019), and the “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (project codes HR17–00247 and HR22–00253). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ (MCIN), and the Pro CNIC Foundation) and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020–001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).S

The dawn exploration of (4) vesta as the 'ground truth' to interpret asteroid polarimetry

The results of the in situ exploration of the asteroid (4) Vesta by the Dawn spacecraft open new perspectives in the field of interpretation of remote-sensing polarimetric measurements of asteroids. (4) Vesta has long been known to be the only asteroid exhibiting a cyclic variation of the degree of linear polarization of the sunlight scattered by its surface, with a period which is synchronous with the object's rotation. This variation must be the consequence of some heterogeneity of the asteroid's surface, including regions characterized by different albedo, or composition, or regolith properties, or a combination of the above features. For a long time, this kind of conclusion has remained essentially qualitative. Now, after the extensive exploration of Vesta's surface by Dawn, it is possible to interpret the data set of polarimetric measurements of Vesta, including some unpublished data presented here for the first time, in terms of a correspondence between the degree of linear polarization and the variation of local properties of the surface visible to ground-based observers during Vesta's rotation, as seen at different epochs and under different illumination conditions. This makes it possible to refine our knowledge of the empirical relation between polarization properties and albedo, which is commonly used to derive the albedo from remote-sensing measurements of linear polarization of atmosphereless Solar system bodies.Fil: Cellino, A.. Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica; Italia. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino; ItaliaFil: Ammannito, E.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Magni, G.. Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica; ItaliaFil: Gil Hutton, Ricardo Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito". Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Complejo Astronómico "El Leoncito"; ArgentinaFil: Tedesco, E. F.. Planetary Science Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Belskaya, I. N.. Kharkiv National University. Institute of Astronomy; UcraniaFil: De Sanctis, M. C.. Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica; ItaliaFil: Schröder, S.. DLR Institute of Planetary Research; AlemaniaFil: Preusker, F.. DLR Institute of Planetary Research; AlemaniaFil: Manara, A.. Istituto Nazionale Di Astrofisica; Italia. Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera; Itali

Non-invasive electromechanical assessment during atrial fibrillation identifies underlying atrial myopathy alterations with early prognostic value.

Electromechanical characterization during atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a significant gap in the understanding of AF-related atrial myopathy. This study reports mechanistic insights into the electromechanical remodeling process associated with AF progression and further demonstrates its prognostic value in the clinic. In pigs, sequential electromechanical assessment during AF progression shows a progressive decrease in mechanical activity and early dissociation from its electrical counterpart. Atrial tissue samples from animals with AF reveal an abnormal increase in cardiomyocytes death and alterations in calcium handling proteins. High-throughput quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting analyses at different stages of AF progression identify downregulation of contractile proteins and progressive increase in atrial fibrosis. Moreover, advanced optical mapping techniques, applied to whole heart preparations during AF, demonstrate that AF-related remodeling decreases the frequency threshold for dissociation between transmembrane voltage signals and intracellular calcium transients compared to healthy controls. Single cell simulations of human atrial cardiomyocytes also confirm the experimental results. In patients, non-invasive assessment of the atrial electromechanical relationship further demonstrate that atrial electromechanical dissociation is an early prognostic indicator for acute and long-term rhythm control.This work was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement#965286. The study was also supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) (PID2019- 109329RB-I00 and PGC2018-097019-B-I00) funded by MCIN / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria grant PRB3) (PT17/0019/0003- ISCIII-SGEFI / ERDF, ProteoRed), the Fundación Interhospitalaria para la Investigación Cardiovascular, the Fundación Salud 2000 and by “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (project code HR17-00247). The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (CEX2020- 001041-S funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). We also thank Asunción Conde and Sergey Mironov for their support on monitoring database quality and advice in ECG signal processing, respectively.S