538 research outputs found
The megalithic building of S.Erasmo di Cesi: architecture, astronomy, and landscape
Abstract. One of the most enigmatic megalithic buildings of Italy is the structure which lies on the S. Erasmo hill near Cesi, in Umbria, a huge complex encompassing an area of around 8000 square meters and enclosed by refined cyclopean walls. Although its date is uncertain, suggested dates comprise the Iron Age and archaic period, down to the third century B.C. The buildingâs function is also uncertain. Usually identified as a fortified structure, in fact there is a megalithic platform at the southern end of the enclosure which could have served as foundation of a temple or palace and, from the top of Monte Torre Maggiore, a complex of temples dating from the fourth century B.C. overlooks the hill. Similar combinations of megalithic buildings resting half-way to temples placed on high peaks are known to exist. In order to clarify the function of this structure and its position in relation to the surrounding landscape, with particular attention to its visibility and to the directions of visibility from the complex, as well as to the possible astronomical alignments, we present a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of the S. Erasmo complex, which includes the mapping of the sky at the various possible epochs of construction, the creation of a digital model of the landscape in forms of digital maps using Geographic Information System technologies, and a 3D model using various 3D software packages
New mathematical framework for spherical gravitational collapse
A theorem, giving necessary and sufficient condition for naked singularity
formation in spherically symmetric non static spacetimes under hypotheses of
physical acceptability, is formulated and proved. The theorem relates existence
of singular null geodesics to existence of regular curves which are
super-solutions of the radial null geodesic equation, and allows us to treat
all the known examples of naked singularities from a unified viewpoint. New
examples are also found using this approach, and perspectives are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX2
The spectrum of endstates of gravitational collapse with tangential stresses
The final state--black hole or naked singularity--of the gravitational
collapse of a marginally bound matter configuration in the presence of
tangential stresses is classified, in full generality, in terms of the initial
data and equation of state. If the tangential pressure is sufficiently strong,
configurations that would otherwise evolve to a spacelike singularity, result
in a locally naked singularity, both in the homogeneous and in the general,
inhomogeneous density case.Comment: 9 pages, revtex4; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Rebounce and Black hole formation in a Gravitational Collapse Model with Vanishing Radial Pressure
We examine spherical gravitational collapse of a matter model with vanishing
radial pressure and non-zero tangential pressure. It is seen analytically that
the collapsing cloud either forms a black hole or disperses depending on values
of the initial parameters which are initial density, tangential pressure and
velocity profile of the cloud. A threshold of black hole formation is observed
near which a scaling relation is obtained for the mass of black hole, assuming
initial profiles to be smooth. The similarities in the behaviour of this model
at the onset of black hole formation with that of numerical critical behaviour
in other collapse models are indicated.Comment: 15 pages, To be published in Gen.Rel.Gra
Collapse of spherical charged anisotropic fluid spacetimes
A class of spherical collapsing exact solutions with electromagnetic charge
is derived. This class of solutions -- in general anisotropic -- contains
however as a particular case the charged dust model already known in
literature. Under some regularity assumptions that in the uncharged case give
rise to naked singularities, it is shown that the process of shell focusing
singularities avoidance -- already known for the dust collapse -- also takes
place here, determing shell crossing effects or a completely regular solution.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures. Version to appear on Class Quantum Gra
Nakedness and curvature strength of shell-focusing singularity in the spherically symmetric space-time with vanishing radial pressure
It was recently shown that the metric functions which describe a spherically
symmetric space-time with vanishing radial pressure can be explicitly
integrated. We investigate the nakedness and curvature strength of the
shell-focusing singularity in that space-time. If the singularity is naked, the
relation between the circumferential radius and the Misner-Sharp mass is given
by with along the first radial
null geodesic from the singularity. The is closely related to the
curvature strength of the naked singularity. For example, for the outgoing or
ingoing null geodesic, if the strong curvature condition (SCC) by Tipler holds,
then must be equal to 1. We define the ``gravity dominance condition''
(GDC) for a geodesic. If GDC is satisfied for the null geodesic, both SCC and
the limiting focusing condition (LFC) by Kr\'olak hold for and
, not SCC but only LFC holds for , and neither
holds for , for the null geodesic. On the other hand, if GDC is
satisfied for the timelike geodesic , both SCC and LFC are satisfied for
the timelike geodesic, irrespective of the value of . Several examples
are also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, Accepted for Publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity,
References Updated, Grammatical Errors Correcte
Spherical Universes with Anisotropic Pressure
Einstein's equations are solved for spherically symmetric universes composed
of dust with tangential pressure provided by angular momentum, L(R), which
differs from shell to shell. The metric is given in terms of the shell label,
R, and the proper time, tau, experienced by the dust particles. The general
solution contains four arbitrary functions of R - M(R), L(R), E(R) and r(0,R).
The solution is described by quadratures, which are in general elliptic
integrals. It provides a generalization of the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi solution.
We present a discussion of the types of solution, and some examples. The
relationship to Einstein clusters and the significance for gravitational
collapse is also discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Polar body array CGH for prediction of the status of the corresponding oocyte. Part II: technical aspects
The purpose of this study was to assess the technical aspects related to polar body (PB) biopsy, which might have an influence on the results of the microarray comparative genomic hybridization analysis. Furthermore, a comparison was made between two biopsy methods (mechanical and laser). Biopsy of the first and second PB (PB1 and PB2) was performed by mechanical- or laser-assisted biopsy in two different IVF centres. PBs were separately amplified by whole genome amplification. The method of biopsy, mechanical or laser had no influence on the proportion of successfully biopsied oocytes. Especially, for the PB2, the timing of biopsy after ICSI was directly correlated to amplification efficiency. Special care has to be taken with respect to the timing of biopsy of the PB2. Mechanical- and laser-assisted biopsy give the same performance in terms of diagnostic efficienc
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