Regulation and novel action of thymidine phosphorylase in non-small cell lung cancer : crosstalk with Nrf2 and HO-1

Proangiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a promising target for anticancer therapy, yet its action in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is not fully understood. To elucidate its role in NSCLC tumor growth, NCI-H292 lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and endothelial cells were engineered to overexpress TP by viral vector transduction. NSCLC cells with altered expression of transcription factor Nrf2 or its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were used to study the regulation of TP and the findings from pre-clinical models were related to gene expression data from clinical NSCLC specimens. Overexpression of Nrf2 or HO-1 resulted in upregulation of TP in NCI-H292 cells, an effect mimicked by treatment with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and partially reversed by HO-1 knockdown. Overexpression of TP attenuated cell proliferation and migration in vitro, but simultaneously enhanced angiogenic potential of cancer cells supplemented with thymidine. The latter was also observed for SK-MES-1 squamous cell carcinoma and NCI-H460 large cell carcinoma cells. TP-overexpressing NCI-H292 tumors in vivo exhibited better oxygenation and higher expression of IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6. TP overexpression in endothelial cells augmented their angiogenic properties which was associated with enhanced generation of HO-1 and VEGF. Correlation of TP with the expression of HO-1 and inflammatory cytokines was confirmed in clinical samples of NSCLC. Altogether, the increased expression of IL-1β and IL-6 together with proangiogenic effects of TP-expressing NSCLC on endothelium can contribute to tumor growth, implying TP as a target for antiangiogenesis in NSCLC

Heme oxygenase-1 is required for angiogenic function of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells : role in therapeutic revascularization

Aims: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that can be down-regulated in diabetes. Its importance for mature endothelium has been described, but its role in proangiogenic progenitors is not well known. We investigated the effect of HO-1 on the angiogenic potential of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) and on blood flow recovery in ischemic muscle of diabetic mice. Results: Lack of HO-1 decreased the number of endothelial progenitor cells (Lin−CD45−cKit-Sca-1+VEGFR-2+) in murine bone marrow, and inhibited the angiogenic potential of cultured BMDCs, affecting their survival under oxidative stress, proliferation, migration, formation of capillaries, and paracrine proangiogenic potential. Transcriptome analysis of HO-1−/− BMDCs revealed the attenuated up-regulation of proangiogenic genes in response to hypoxia. Heterozygous HO-1+/− diabetic mice subjected to hind limb ischemia exhibited reduced local expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and CXCR-4. This was accompanied by impaired revascularization of ischemic muscle, despite a strong mobilization of bone marrow-derived proangiogenic progenitors (Sca-1+CXCR-4+) into peripheral blood. Blood flow recovery could be rescued by local injections of conditioned media harvested from BMDCs, but not by an injection of cultured BMDCs. Innovation: This is the first report showing that HO-1 haploinsufficiency impairs tissue revascularization in diabetes and that proangiogenic in situ response, not progenitor cell mobilization, is important for blood flow recovery. Conclusions: HO-1 is necessary for a proper proangiogenic function of BMDCs. A low level of HO-1 in hyperglycemic mice decreases restoration of perfusion in ischemic muscle, which can be rescued by a local injection of conditioned media from cultured BMDCs

Nuclear delivery of NFκB-assisted DNA/polymer complexes: plasmid DNA quantitation by confocal laser scanning microscopy and evidence of nuclear polyplexes by FRET imaging

Quantification of a plasmid DNA (pDNA) and investigation of its polymer-associated state in the nucleus are crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of a gene-delivery system. This study was conducted with p3NF-luc-3NF, a pDNA-bearing optimized κB motif to favour NFκB-driven nuclear import. Here, a quantification of pDNA copies in the nucleus was performed by real-time confocal laser scanning microscopy in HeLa and C2C12 cells transfected with linear polyethylenimine or histidylated polylysine. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from the fluorescein-p3NF-luc-3NF donor to the co-localized rhodamine-polymer acceptor was carried out to investigate whether the pDNA was still condensed with the polymer in the nucleus. Upon 5 h of transfection, the nuclear amount of p3NF-luc3NF was ∼1500 copies in both cell lines whereas that of pTAL-luc, a 3NF-free counterpart pDNA, was less than 250. This quantity of p3NF-luc-3NF dropped dramatically to that of pTAL-luc in the presence of the BAY 11-7085, an inhibitor of NFκB activation. These data strongly support a nuclear import of p3NF-luc3NF mediated by NFκB. Moreover, FRET experiments clearly revealed that most of nuclear pDNA were still condensed with the polymer raising the question of their passage through the nuclear pore complex and their impact on the gene-expression efficiency

Rôle de la thymidine phosphorylase et du facteur de transcription Nrf2 dans la croissance du carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules et dans l'angiogenèse

Le facteur de transcription Nrf2 et les enzymes pro-angiogéniques: hème oxygénase (HO-1) et thymidine phosphorylase (TP) sont considérés comme des cibles potentielles pour les traitements combinatoires anticancéreux contre l’angiogenèse. L'objectif de la présente étude était d'examiner les interactions entre ces protéines dans la modulation du potentiel tumorigène et angiogénique de carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules (NSCLC). L’augmentation de l’expression de Nrf2 conduit à la réduction de la prolifération cellulaire et à leur capacité de migration, accompagnée d'une expression accrue de microARN suppresseurs de tumeurs ainsi qu’une réduction de l'oncogène miR-378. Ensuite, le rôle de TP dans les cellules NCI-H292 a été étudiée en la surexprimant in vitro (NCI-TP). Ceci a conduit à une atténuation de potentiel tumorigène comme le montre l'inhibition de la prolifération, de la migration et une amélioration concomitante de potentiel angiogénique qui est plus prononcée en hypoxie et en présence de thymidine. In vivo, les tumeurs NCI-TP ont tendance à croître plus rapidement que les témoins et ils sont également mieux oxygénés. Ces tumeurs ont une expression accrue de cytokines pro-inflammatoires IL-1β et IL-6. Nous avons montré pour la première fois que l’enzyme TP peut être régulé par Nrf2 et HO-1 dans les cellules NSCLC, ce qui peut affecter la croissance tumorale par une modulation de l'angiogenèse et de l'expression de facteurs pro-inflammatoires. La corrélation entre l’expression de TP avec celle de l'IL-1β et d'IL-6 a été également confirmée dans les échantillons cliniques de tumeurs issus de patients atteints de NSCLC. L’ensemble de nos résultats montre la potentialité de cibler l’enzyme TP pour le traitement des cancers NSCLC.Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are considered as potential targets for combinatorial anti-cancer therapies. The aim of the study was to investigate the interplay of these proteins in regulation of growth and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells NCI-H292. Stable overexpression of Nrf2 (NCI-Nrf2 cell line) resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration in vitro, upregulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs and downregulation of oncogenic miR-378 and many MMPs. Silencing of HO-1 in NCI-Nrf2 cells partially reversed the effect on MMP-1, MMP-3 and miR-378. NCI-Nrf2 cells exhibited increased expression of proangiogenic factors IL-8, angiopoietin-1 and TP, which was also upregulated in cell overexpressing HO-1. In both models, the effect was TP reversible by siRNA targeted at HO-1 and possibly mediated by modulation of oxidative status of the cell. Moreover, it was observed that overexpression of TP in vitro attenuated proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, but increased their angiogenic potential. In vivo, NCI-TP tumors tended to grow faster, were better oxygenated and exhibited increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Correlation of TP with IL-1β and IL-6 was also confirmed in clinical samples from NSCLC patients. Overall, our results enforce the notion of targeting TP for treatment of NSCLC

Rôle de la thymidine phosphorylase et du facteur de transcription Nrf2 dans la croissance du carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules et dans l'angiogenèse

Le facteur de transcription Nrf2 et les enzymes pro-angiogéniques: hème oxygénase (HO-1) et thymidine phosphorylase (TP) sont considérés comme des cibles potentielles pour les traitements combinatoires anticancéreux contre l angiogenèse. L'objectif de la présente étude était d'examiner les interactions entre ces protéines dans la modulation du potentiel tumorigène et angiogénique de carcinome pulmonaire non à petites cellules (NSCLC). L augmentation de l expression de Nrf2 conduit à la réduction de la prolifération cellulaire et à leur capacité de migration, accompagnée d'une expression accrue de microARN suppresseurs de tumeurs ainsi qu une réduction de l'oncogène miR-378. Ensuite, le rôle de TP dans les cellules NCI-H292 a été étudiée en la surexprimant in vitro (NCI-TP). Ceci a conduit à une atténuation de potentiel tumorigène comme le montre l'inhibition de la prolifération, de la migration et une amélioration concomitante de potentiel angiogénique qui est plus prononcée en hypoxie et en présence de thymidine. In vivo, les tumeurs NCI-TP ont tendance à croître plus rapidement que les témoins et ils sont également mieux oxygénés. Ces tumeurs ont une expression accrue de cytokines pro-inflammatoires IL-1b et IL-6. Nous avons montré pour la première fois que l enzyme TP peut être régulé par Nrf2 et HO-1 dans les cellules NSCLC, ce qui peut affecter la croissance tumorale par une modulation de l'angiogenèse et de l'expression de facteurs pro-inflammatoires. La corrélation entre l expression de TP avec celle de l'IL-1b et d'IL-6 a été également confirmée dans les échantillons cliniques de tumeurs issus de patients atteints de NSCLC. L ensemble de nos résultats montre la potentialité de cibler l enzyme TP pour le traitement des cancers NSCLC.Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are considered as potential targets for combinatorial anti-cancer therapies. The aim of the study was to investigate the interplay of these proteins in regulation of growth and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells NCI-H292. Stable overexpression of Nrf2 (NCI-Nrf2 cell line) resulted in decreased cell proliferation and migration in vitro, upregulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs and downregulation of oncogenic miR-378 and many MMPs. Silencing of HO-1 in NCI-Nrf2 cells partially reversed the effect on MMP-1, MMP-3 and miR-378. NCI-Nrf2 cells exhibited increased expression of proangiogenic factors IL-8, angiopoietin-1 and TP, which was also upregulated in cell overexpressing HO-1. In both models, the effect was TP reversible by siRNA targeted at HO-1 and possibly mediated by modulation of oxidative status of the cell. Moreover, it was observed that overexpression of TP in vitro attenuated proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, but increased their angiogenic potential. In vivo, NCI-TP tumors tended to grow faster, were better oxygenated and exhibited increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-6. Correlation of TP with IL-1b and IL-6 was also confirmed in clinical samples from NSCLC patients. Overall, our results enforce the notion of targeting TP for treatment of NSCLC.ORLEANS-SCD-Bib. electronique (452349901) / SudocSudocFranceF