Silene latifolia temporal patterns of volatile induction and suppression after floral interaction by the nursery pollinator, Hadena bicruris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

After 24-hour Hadena bicruris floral interaction on Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) with or without oviposition, we examined temporal volatile emission patterns for 3 days from plants with moth interaction and from neighboring plants only exposed to plant volatiles. Several lilac aldehydes and veratrole were progressively reduced after moth exposure without oviposition (by 30 to 40% after 24 hours and by 60 to 90% after 72 hours), but β -myrcene and β -pinene emissions increased by 200 to 300% only when exposure involved oviposition. Exposing S. latifolia to H. bicruris floral interaction without oviposition yielded no change in volatile organic compound (VOC) emission of neighboring S. latifolia; with oviposition, neighboring plants had 80 to126% increases in emission rates for β -myrcene and β -pinene. Progressive reduction of S. latifolia VOC emission rates might help plants to avoid nursery pollinator oviposition. In contrast, with H. bicruris oviposition on S. latifolia flowers some VOCs (common herbivore induced plant volatiles i. e. HIPVs) were induced. Whether oviposition occurred on S. latifolia strongly influenced neighboring plant VOC emission

Application of medical and analytical methods in Lyme borreliosis monitoring

Lyme borreliosis (LB) is one of the most common tick-borne diseases in the northern hemisphere. It is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi. In its early stages, pathological skin lesions, namely erythema chronicum migrans, appear. The lesions, usually localised at the site of the bite, may become visible from a few weeks up to 3 months after the infection. Predominant clinical symptoms of the disease also involve joint malfunctions and neurological or cardiac disorders. Lyme disease, in all its stages, may be successfully treated with antibiotics. The best results, however, are obtained in its early stages. In order to diagnose the disease, numerous medical or laboratory techniques have been developed. They are applied to confirm the presence of intact spirochaetes or spirochaete components such as DNA or proteins in tick vectors, reservoir hosts or patients. The methods used for the determination of LB biomarkers have also been reviewed. These biomarkers are formed during the lipid peroxidation process. The formation of peroxidation products generated by human organisms is directly associated with oxidative stress. Apart from aldehydes (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), many other unsaturated components such as isoprostenes and neuroprostane are obtained. The fast determination of these compounds in encephalic fluid, urine or plasma, especially in early stages of the disease, enables its treatment. Various analytical techniques which allow the determination of the aforementioned biomarkers have been reported. These include spectrophotometry as well as liquid and gas chromatography. The analytical procedure also requires the application of a derivatization step by the use of selected reagents

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

Determination of Neonicotinoids in Honey Samples Originated from Poland and Other World Countries

A method development for determination of neonicotinoid residues in honey samples was developed. The proposed methodology consisted in QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe). That was used for sample preparation and UHPLC/UV (ultra-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection) utilized for chromatographic analysis. The developed method proved to be sensitive, with LOD (Limit of detection) value in the range of 60.80 to 80.98 ng/g hence LOQ (Limit of quantification) value was in the range of 184.26 to 245.40 ng/g. The method has tested on Polish honey and applied to honey from various countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, Russia, USA and Turkey). Several honey types were tested, while physicochemical properties of all honeys and were investigated. The methodology for general characterization of pollen grains originated from selected plants, to confirm the type of honey was also presented. There was a total lack of the mentioned neonicotinoids in sunflower honey. Except of this, only two samples of rapeseed and two samples of acacia honey (from Poland and Romania) were neonicotinoids free. In 19 samples the targeted pesticides were detected above LOQ. In all other investigated samples, the neonicotinoids were found at least at the LOD or LOQ level

Comparative Study of the Potentially Toxic Elements and Essential Microelements in Honey Depending on the Geographic Origin

The profiling and quantification of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in honey from Poland was the main aim of this work. Due to the differences in botanical and geographical origin, 33 honey samples from various parts of Poland have been tested and compared to 12 samples taken from other countries, such as Australia, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Romania and Turkey. The studied elements in honey samples were: As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn. In most cases, the analyzed samples of honey were characterized by the moderate values of analyzed PTEs. Only a few samples contained higher concentrations of copper and manganese were noted. The presence of cadmium and lead in the level below the background equivalent concentrations was measured in the tested samples

Separation and Quantification of Selected Sapogenins Extracted from Nettle, White Dead-Nettle, Common Soapwort and Washnut

Saponins are an important group of secondary metabolites naturally occurring in plants with important properties like: antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. Moreover, they are widely used in the cosmetic industry and household chemistry. The sapogenins are saponin hydrolyses products, frequently used to facilitate saponin detection. In the present study, an improved methodology for isolation and separation of five sapogenins extracted from nettle (Urtica dioica L.), white dead-nettle (Lamium album L.), common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis L.) and washnut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light-scattering detector (UHPLC-ELSD). Based on quantitative analysis, the highest content of hederagenin (999.1 ± 6.3 µg/g) and oleanolic acid (386.5 ± 27.7 µg/g) was found in washnut extracts. Good recoveries (71% ± 6 up to 99% ± 8) were achieved for four investigated targets, while just 22.2% ± 0.5 was obtained for the fifth one. Moreover, hederagenin and oleanolic acid of whose highest amount was detected in washnut (999.1 ± 6.3 µg/g and 386.5 ± 27.7 µg/g, respectively) were subject to another approach. Consequently, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used as an additional technique for fast and simultaneous identification of the mentioned targets

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of kale extracts by means of SFE method

Human organism needs nutrients which are able to protect from cancer, diseases or to fast ageing . All nutrients are assimilated only from food and drinks so it is very important to remember about them during composing daily menu. One of these nutrients is lutein that exists only in plants, as a yellow pigment. In human health it plays much more important roles. Lutein is considered as very strong antioxidant, that can destroy free radical. What is connected with that, lutein can protect eye and skin. High concentration of lutein can be found in retina, where it works as a filter from blue and UV light and as a antioxidant that scavenning photo-induced free radicals that can be produced in high amount because of wide exposition of retina on light [1]. Similar protection(as lutein filter), found in skin, reduces risk of skin cancer. Also it plays a protective role from cataract and AMD ( Age-related Macular Degeneration), that is very problematic, in nowadays, diseases, and high intake of lutein can reduce risk even about 50% [1]. Its next important role is reducing a risk of cardiovascular diseases, as atherosclerosis (because it prevents oxidation of High Density Lipoprotein to Low Density Lipoprotein) [2, 3]. [...]Biochemijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Determination of flavonoids in tea and Rooibos extracts by TLC and HPLC

In this study thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for analysis of the constituents of extracts of tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) and Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ) leaves. In particular, flavonoids, a group of phenolic compounds, for example myrecetin, rutin, catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol were analyzed. Extracts of various types of tea, for example black, green, and Rooibos herbal tea (called red tea) were analyzed. The efficiency of extraction of flavonoids from plant material by classical liquid extraction (LE) and supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) was also compared. Recoveries of individual flavonoids were approximately ten times higher after use of solvent extraction. Separation of flavonoids from tea extracts on the basis of their polarities was optimized by selection of solvents, stationary phases, and chromatographic conditions. For final analyses glass-backed silica gel 60 F 254 plates and the mobile phase acetone-chloroform-water 80:20:10 ( v / v ) were used. UV detection of TLC chromatograms (254 and 366 nm) was used. Better detection of the flavonoids was achieved at 366 nm. The concentration of some important flavonoids in real tea samples was obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)Gamtos mokslų fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Determination of antioxidant activity of honey from Poland

In the recent years there has been an increasing interest in determination of the antioxidant activity of honey. Many authors demonstrated that honey serves as a source of natural antioxidants, which are effective in reducing the risk of heart disease, cancer, immune-system decline, cataracts, different inflammatory processes etc. [1]. Honey is a natural product, a highly concentrated solution of a complex mixture of sugars. It is also known to be rich in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, including glucose oxidase, catalase, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoid derivatives, organic acids, amino acids and proteins [2]. The quantity of these components varies widely according to the floral and geographical origin of honey, processing, handling and storage of honey. Therefore the antioxidant capacity of honey depends on the same factors [3]. In general, higher antioxidant capacity was found for darker honey samples [2]. [...]Biochemijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta