Uso indebido de drogas en estudiantes de 6to. año de medicina

Se hace un reporte acerca de una investigación realizada como trabajo de terminación de la residencia de una de las autoras que consistió en un estudio observacional de corte transversal, empleando la técnica del muestreo probabilístico; mediante la aplicación de una encuesta dirigida a 108 estudiantes de sexto año de la Carrera de Medicina de cinco de las Facultades de Ciencias Medicas de Ciudad de La Habana, durante el examen estatal del curso 1999-2000, con el objetivo de indagar acerca del consumo de sustancias psicotropas. El estudio reveló que las sustancias más consumidas fueron las drogas lícitas; dentro de ellas el alcohol, los psicofármacos y el cigarro. El consumo de drogas ilícitas representó 1% del total, porcentaje suficiente para que se adopten medidas encaminadas a la prevención en este importante sector para la Salud Pública, por lo que se hacen recomendaciones al respecto.Palabras clave: Consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas/ consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. </p

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

A Neuron-Glial Perspective for Computational Neuroscience

International audienceThere is growing excitement around glial cells, as compelling evidence point to new, previously unimaginable roles for these cells in information processing of the brain, with the potential to affect behavior and higher cognitive functions. Among their many possible functions, glial cells could be involved in practically every aspect of the brain physiology in health and disease. As a result, many investigators in the field welcome the notion of a Neuron-Glial paradigm of brain function, as opposed to Ramon y Cayal's more classical neuronal doctrine which identifies neurons as the prominent, if not the only, cells capable of a signaling role in the brain. The demonstration of a brain-wide Neuron-Glial paradigm however remains elusive and so does the notion of what neuron-glial interactions could be functionally relevant for the brain computational tasks. In this perspective, we present a selection of arguments inspired by available experimental and modeling studies with the aim to provide a biophysical and conceptual platform to computational neuroscience no longer as a mere prerogative of neuronal signaling but rather as the outcome of a complex interaction between neurons and glial cells

Can You Judge a Disease Host by the Company It Keeps? Predicting Disease Hosts and Their Relative Importance: A Case Study for Leishmaniasis

<div><p>Zoonoses are an important class of infectious diseases. An important element determining the impact of a zoonosis on domestic animal and human health is host range. Although for particular zoonoses some host species have been identified, until recently there have been no methods to predict those species most likely to be hosts or their relative importance. Complex inference networks infer potential biotic interactions between species using their degree of geographic co-occurrence, and have been posited as a potential tool for predicting disease hosts. Here we present the results of an interdisciplinary, empirical study to validate a model based on such networks for predicting hosts of <i>Leishmania (L</i>.<i>) mexicana</i> in Mexico. Using systematic sampling to validate the model predictions we identified 22 new species of host (34% of all species collected) with the probability to be a host strongly dependent on the probability of co-occurrence of vector and host. The results confirm that <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>L</i>.) <i>mexicana</i> is a generalist parasite but with a much wider host range than was previously thought. These results substantially change the geographic risk profile for Leishmaniasis and provide insights for the design of more efficient surveillance measures and a better understanding of potential dispersal scenarios.</p></div

Risk maps of Leishmaniasis: a) determined by using only the 8 previously confirmed hosts, b) determined by using the 22 new confirmed hosts and previously confirmed hosts of <i>L</i>. (<i>L</i>.) <i>mexicana</i>.

<p>Risk maps of Leishmaniasis: a) determined by using only the 8 previously confirmed hosts, b) determined by using the 22 new confirmed hosts and previously confirmed hosts of <i>L</i>. (<i>L</i>.) <i>mexicana</i>.</p

Graph of ranked epsilon values for all mammal species compared to that of a random distribution.

<p>The Average random epsilon line represents the distribution of overlaps found by randomly redistributing all collections over those spatial cells that had at least one collection.</p

List of collected species, ranked by ɛ (see Eq 1 of Methods), with the number of individuals that tested positive for the presence of the parasite <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>L</i>.) <i>mexicana</i> and the number that tested negative.

<p>List of collected species, ranked by ɛ (see <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005004#pntd.0005004.e001" target="_blank">Eq 1</a> of <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005004#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a>), with the number of individuals that tested positive for the presence of the parasite <i>Leishmania</i> (<i>L</i>.) <i>mexicana</i> and the number that tested negative.</p

Evaluation of the Use of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) for Describing the Species Diversity of Two Coral Reefs in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) have been proposed as a standardized, passive, nondestructive sampling tool. This study assessed the ability of ARMS to capture the cryptic species diversity of two coral reefs by recording species richness and taxonomic representativeness using conventional taxonomy. The capacity of ARMS, as artificial substrates, to favor the establishment of nonindigenous species over native species was also evaluated. The use of ARMS allowed the detection of 370 species morphotypes from nine phyla, yielding 13 new records of geographic distribution expansion, one exotic species for the Gulf of México and the Caribbean Sea, and six newly described species. It was also possible to make spatial comparisons of species richness between both reefs. ARMS captured cryptic diversity exceptionally well, with the exception of echinoderms. Furthermore, these artificial structures did not hinder the colonization ability of native species; in fact, the colonization patterns on the structures themselves represented the spatial differences in the structure of benthic assemblages. This study represents the first effort to make a conventional taxonomic description of the cryptic fauna of the Yucatan Peninsula using ARMS. It is recommended to assess coral reef species diversity, but more taxonomists specialized in marine invertebrates are needed