Is profitable to play in Spanish Soccer First Division?

El artículo presenta la primera fase de un estudio del fútbol español, cuyo objetivo es averiguar si es rentable jugar en Primera División de fútbol (1ª) para cualquier equipo profesional y si todos los clubes de 2ªA deberían aspirar al ascenso. Se comparan resultados en la población seleccionada y en dos grupos de la misma: equipos que se han mantenido en 1ª y equipos ascensor. Se examinan mediante análisis exploratorio de datos resultados económicos y deportivos, se identifican factores que influyen en su variación y se clasifican los clubes según dichos factores. También se determina la influencia de ascensos y descensos en los resultados. Se deduce que los equipos ascensor obtienen peores resultados aun jugando en la misma liga. Además, a su estabilidad económico financiera le afecta más el ascenso y descenso continuo que el mantenerse en una categoría concreta. Finalmente, que la “gestión del miedo” no siempre conduce a una mejor clasificación y añade tensión financiera. Se concluye que no a todos los clubes les conviene militar en 1ª división de fútbol, que ésta debe reestructurarse y se debe reforzar la 2ªAThe paper presents the first phase of a Spanish football study. The aim is to determine if it is profitable to play in 1ª D league for any professional team and if all clubs in 2ª A division should aspire to climb. Various results are compared in the selected population and also in two groups identified: equipment that have remained in 1ªD and “elevator teams”. The economics and sports results are examined by exploratory data analysis. We identify factors that are influence in change and the teams are classified according to these factors. Finally the influence of promotion and relegation in these results is determined. It follows that the "Fear Management" doesn’t always lead to better classification and adds financial stress, “elevator equipment” that perform worse even playing in the same league and its economic and financial stability will most affect the rise and decline that continued the stay in a particular category. We conclude: not all clubs suit them military in 1ª, it would be to restructure and strengthen the 2ª

Intervención en una crisis del desarrollo: el nacimiento de un hijo

Pregnancy and the prospect of parenthood are transitional stages in development which can lead to a crisis in certain individuals. This paper presents the treatment given to a 35-yearold man diagnosed as having Hypochondria and Mixed Adjustment Disorder with anxiety and depression, whose symptoms began when he got to know he was about to become a father. Therapy was given in a course of 18 sessions with the following main objectives: to tackle the feelings triggered by the new situation, to control this situation cognitively, and to develop new strategies to deal with the situation and make a suitable use of bis external resources. To achieve these objectives, some cognitive-behaviourist techniques were applied. The results assessed after the treatment, by means of pretests and post-tests, clearly showed that symptoms had subsided and the patient's personal resources had been strengthened and optimised.ResumenLa experiencia del embarazo y la probabilidad de entrar en la paternidad, es una transición en el desarrollo que puede convertirse en crisis para algunas personas. En este trabajo se presenta la intervención en una varón de 35 años al que se le diagnóstico Hipocondría y Trastorno Adaptativo Mixto con ansiedad y estado de ánimo depresivo, y donde el inicio de los síntomas coinciden con el anuncio de su próxima paternidad. La intervención terapéutica se realizó en 18 sesiones y los objetivos generales de la misma fueron: abordar los temores suscitados por la nueva situación; el dominio cognoscitivo de la misma; el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de afrontamiento y el uso apropiado de los recursos externos. Para la consecución de estos objetivos se utilizaron técnicas cognitivo-conductuales (cognitive-behaviourist). Los resultados evaluados tras la intervención con medidas pretests y postest, pusieron de manifiesto la remisión de los síntomas, así como, el fortalecimiento y optimación de los recursos personales el paciente.AbstractPregnancy and the prospect of parenthood are transitional stages in development which can lead to a crisis in certain individuals. This paper presents the treatment given to a 35-yearold man diagnosed as having Hypochondria and Mixed Adjustment Disorder with anxiety and depression, whose symptoms began when he got to know he was about to become a father. Therapy was given in a course of 18 sessions with the following main objectives: to tackle the feelings triggered by the new situation, to control this situation cognitively, and to develop new strategies to deal with the situation and make a suitable use of bis external resources. To achieve these objectives, some cognitive-behaviourist techniques were applied. The results assessed after the treatment, by means of pretests and post-tests, clearly showed that symptoms had subsided and the patient's personal resources had been strengthened and optimised

Eosinophilic esophagitis: A relevant entity for the otolaryngologist

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Acta Otorrinolaringológica 67.3 (2016): 167-168, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otorri.2015.06.002Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is a recently recognised pathologic entity whose prevalence has risen significantly since it was first described. Its diagnosis represents a challenge for different medical specialties, among which ENT specialists play an important role. Clinical suspicion in a patient with recurrent food impaction or a child with eating disorders and history of hypersensitivity constitutes the first warning sign of a possible EE.The purpose of this review is to highlight EE as a possible differential diagnosis in patients with deglutition disorders and describe the possible clinical symptoms that should alert the ENT specialist to perform appropriate diagnostic tests and procedures. The transnasal esophagoscopy, performed in-office by the ENT, is ideal for reducing possible underdiagnosed cases.Given the fact that an ENT specialist will evaluate a great many patients with deglutition disorders, it is paramount for possible EE cases to be suspected and recognised so that a correct multidisciplinary approach involving not only ENT specialists but also paediatricians, gastroenterologists, allergologists and pathologists can be established. Identifying the dietary component responsible for the esophageal inflammation and removing that food from the patient's diet is the key in the treatment of this immune-mediated disease.La esofagitis eosinofílica (EE) es una entidad clínico patológica reconocida recientemente y con una prevalencia que va en aumento desde su descripción inicial. Su diagnóstico representa un reto para diferentes especialistas, entre los que tiene un rol destacado el otorrinolaringólogo. La sospecha clínica ante un paciente que presenta episodios recidivantes de impactación de alimentos no punzantes o ante un niño con trastornos de la alimentación y antecedentes de atopia constituyen el primer signo de alerta de una posible EE. El objetivo de esta revisión persigue destacar el papel de la EE en el diagnóstico diferencial de los pacientes con trastornos de la deglución, así como dar a conocer las manifestaciones clínicas que deben alertar al otorrinolaringólogo para proseguir la realización de las pruebas encaminadas al diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. La esofagoscopia transnasal, realizada por el otorrinolaringólogo en consulta, ayudará a disminuir el número de casos infradiagnosticados. Dado que gran parte de los pacientes afectos de trastornos de la deglución van a ser evaluados por el otorrinolaringólogo, se hace imprescindible el reconocimiento de la EE, así como el manejo diagnóstico-terapéutico por un equipo multidisciplinar en el que se involucren, además del otorrinolaringólogo, pediatras, digestólogos, alergólogos y patólogos familiarizados con la enfermedad. La identificación del alimento responsable de la inflamación del esófago y su eliminación de la dieta es la clave del tratamiento de este desorden inmunomediad

Evaluación del bullying como victimización: Estructura, fiabilidad y validez del Cuestionario de Acoso entre Iguales (CAI)

The aim of the present study was to provide preliminary evidence concerning validation of the Cuestionario de Acoso entre Iguales (CAI) [Peer Bullying Questionnaire] (Magaz, Chorot, Sandín, Santed, & Valiente, 2011). We examined the factor structure, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of the Conductas de Acoso (CAI-CA) scale [Bullying Behaviors] in a sample of school-aged children and adolescents. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a structure of seven uncorrelated factors which correspond to the following kinds of bullying: physical aggression, verbal aggression, direct social exclusion, indirect social exclusion, threats, cyberbullying, and aggression based on physical objects. Results provide support for factorial validity, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Data suggest that the CAI-CA is an appropriate assessment instrument of bullying victimization that may be a suitable tool for research and clinical purposes.El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en validar el Cuestionario de Acoso entre Iguales (CAI) (Magaz, Chorot, Sandín, Santed, y Valiente, 2011). Examinamos la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad y la validez convergente y discriminante de la escala de Conductas de Acoso (CAI-CA) en una muestra de niños y adolescentes. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios constataron una estructura de siete factores no correlacionados que se corresponden con los siguientes tipos de bullying: maltrato físico, maltrato verbal, exclusión social directa, exclusión social indirecta, amenazas, ciberbullying, y agresión basada en objetos. Los resultados apoyan la validez factorial, la consistencia interna, y la validez convergente y discriminante del cuestionario. Los datos sugieren que el CAI-CA puede ser una herramienta apropiada para evaluar el bullying de victimización tanto en contextos de investigación como clínicos

Estilos de apego y acoso entre iguales (bullying) en adolescentes

The aim of this work is twofold, (a) to validate the Spanish version of the Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire (ARSQ) and (b) to examine associations between attachment and peer bullying (victimization). A total of 600 adolescents (aged 13-16 years) completed the ARSQ and the CAI-CA (a Spanish questionnaire of bullying victimization). Exploratory factor analyses of the ARSQ yield a structure of three uncorrelated factors which appear to correspond to the secure, fearful/preoccupied and dismissing kinds of attachment, respectively. Girls scored higher than boys on secure and fearful/preoccupied attachment. Thirty-four percent of the sample reported to have been victim of peer bullying. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for age and gender, fearful/preoccupied attachment significantly predicted the risk of being a victim of bullying. Results are discussed in respect of possible implications for the primary prevention of bullying.El objetivo del presente trabajo es doble: (a) validar la versión española del Adolescent Relationship Scales Questionnaire (ARSQ), y (b) examinar la asociación entre el apego y el acoso entre iguales (victimización). Un total de 600 adolescentes (entre 13 y 16 años de edad) cumplimentó el ARSQ y el CAI-CA (Cuestionario de Acoso entre Iguales—Conductas de Acoso). A través de análisis factoriales exploratorios del ARSQ obtuvimos una estructura de tres factores no correlacionados, los cuales correspondían a las formas de apego seguro, miedoso/preocupado y evitativo, respectivamente. Las chicas puntuaron más alto que los chicos en apego seguro y miedoso/ preocupado. El 34% de la muestra informó haber sido víctima de acoso entre iguales. El análisis de regresión logística jerárquica indicó que, tras controlar el efecto de la edad y el género, el apego miedoso/preocupado predecía el riesgo de ser víctima de acoso por los compañeros. Se discuten los resultados en relación con posibles implicaciones sobre la prevención primaria del bullying.

Stiffness memory of indirectly 3D-printed elastomer nanohybrid regulates, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells

The cellular microenvironment is dynamic, remodeling tissues lifelong. The biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the function and differentiation of stem cells. While conventional artificial matrices or scaffolds for tissue engineering are primarily static models presenting well-defined stiffness, they lack the responsive changes required in dynamic physiological settings. Engineering scaffolds with varying elastic moduli is possible, but often lead to stiffening and chemical crosslinking of molecular structure with limited control over scaffold architecture. A family of indirectly 3D printed elastomeric nanohybrid scaffolds with thermoresponsive mechanical properties that soften by inverse self-assembling at body temperature have been developed recently. The initial stiffness and subsequent stiffness relaxation of the scaffolds regulated the proliferation and differentiation of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) towards the chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages over 4 weeks, as measured by immunohistochemistry, histology, ELISA and qPCR. hBM-MSCs showed enhanced chondrogenic differentiation on softer scaffolds and osteogenic differentiation on stiffer ones, with similar relative expression to that of human femoral head tissue. Overall, stiffness relaxation favored osteogenic activity over chondrogenesis in vitro