Corporate Governance and Compliance in Botswana: Issues and Challenges

Purpose -This paper investigates the extent of compliance with international best practice corporate governance principles by Botswana Unified Revenue Service (BURS), a State Owned Enterprise (SOE). The researchers wonder why in this modern day and age, architects (parliamentarians) of the Act of parliament which brought about governance structures of BURS, chose to depart from what is considered international best practice governance as recommended under codes of best practice corporate governance such as the King Code 2002. Second, the researchers also wonder whether the departure was by design or an oversight on the part of the architects of BURS governance structure. Design/methodology/approach - Using content analysis, the BURS Act 2004 and the King Code 2002 are content analysed to draw parallels between governance structures recommended by the two governance instruments. Findings – The findings of this study indicate a low level of compliance with international best practice corporate governance by BURS. Practical implications - The researchers conclude that divergence of governance structures of BURS from international best practice has the potential to breed inter alia; incompetence, corruption, maladministration, dominance, cronyism and ultimately a weak institution. Originality/value – Prior literature tends to investigate governance practices of public listed companies. This study contributes to governance literature by examining governance practices of a state owned enterprise which came into existence through an act of parliament. &nbsp

Culture and corporate governance in South Africa.

The main objective of this thesis is to investigate corporate governance practices in South Africa listed companies. Specifically, the thesis strives to achieve the following objectives. First, it investigates the extent of compliance with the best corporate governance practices as recommended by the King Committee on Corporate Governance prior to and post 2002 in order to understand whether there is improvement in corporate practices. Second the thesis investigates whether compliance with the best corporate governance practices are related to ethnicity of board structures (in particular Board Chairman, Board Dominance and Chief Executive Officer/Managing Director) and other factors such as company characteristics, market and performance related variables. Third it investigates the views/opinions of key stakeholders [e.g. regulators, King Code Commissioners, companies and institutional investors] regarding the state of corporate governance in SA and its influence in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The findings from regression results indicate that compliance with the King Code increased substantially between 2002 and 2008. The results also indicate that compliance is high for accounting and auditing and boards and directors issues and lowest for integrated sustainability reporting issues. The findings also indicate that ethnicity influences corporate compliance with best practice governance principles such as the King Code, as per prediction. Compliance was also found to be high for large firms, firms with multiple listings in other stock exchanges and firms audited by Big 4 audit firms. Finally, the findings from the views of key stakeholders indicate that the Code has indeed improved corporate governance standards in South Africa, is suitable for the country because of its consideration of local circumstances and influences corporate practice in the SADC region

A sensemaking perspective on the psycological contract formations during organisational socialisation.

The main aim of this thesis is to investigate the processes of the psychological contract during organisational socialisation. Research on psychological contract tends to focus more on the content and breach of the contract. Very little is known about the formative stages of the contract. Very little attention has also been given to investigating the psychological contract together with organisational socialisation. Linking the two research areas would further our understanding of both the dynamic nature of the psychological contract. This is achieved by investigating the temporal changes of the psychological contract of new employees, pre-entry up to six months post entry into employment. The research also investigates the psychological contract from the employer`s perspective. It utilises Weick`s (1995) sensemaking properties as a methodological framework to better understand these processes. Consistent with the research aim and objectives and social constructionism, a qualitative methodology was adopted. The research used in-depth semi structured interviews to collect data supplemented with sitting in during recruitment interviews in one of the organisations, and data were analysed using template analysis. Periodic interviews were carried out every four to six months post entry. The research consists of two organisations, where each provided two groups for analysis. The findings show that after entry into the organisation, the psychological contract changes in a variety of ways influenced by socialisation into the organisation. A model based on the findings is presented and discussed in the discussion chapter. The research also makes a contribution (methodology) by adopting the sensemaking framework

PENGELOLAAN MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM BLOOMERY PATISSERIE

Penggunaan media sosial mencakup banyak aspek mulai dari kepentingan personal hingga korporat. Dari beragamnya pengguna dengan segala latar belakang pemilihan Instagram sebagai media untuk bersosialisasi di dunia maya, diperlukan aspek-aspek yang menjadi dasar atau fondasi pengelolaan media sosial terutama jika berkaitan dengan penggunaan media sosial suatu organisasi, korporasi atau perusahaan dan bisnis, yaitu aspek audiences dan purpose. Berkaitan dengan kedua aspek di atas maka di dalam media sosial itu harus ada pengeloalaan yang dilakukan agar dapat mencapai perkembangan dan tujuan-tujuan dari penggunaan media sosial. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengelolaan media sosial Instagram Bloomery Patisserie. Dari perkembangan yang dialami akun Instagram toko dessert ini, maka akan diteliti bagaimana pengelolaan media sosial yang dilakukan sehingga memiliki perkembangan yang ada, mulai dari perencanaan dan penjadwalan pembuatan konten, pengungahan konten, dan monitoring serta evaluasi konten. Metode penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, lalu wawancara dengan divisi online marketing yang melakukan pengelolaan media sosial Instagram Bloomery Patisserie, yaitu: social media manager, creative designer, dan photographer, dan observasi pada akun Instagram Bloomery Patisserie sebagai proses dalam mengumpulkan data. Dari hasil wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti, bahwa dalam pengelolaan media sosial Instagram, divisi online marketing yang terdiri dari social media manager, creative designer, dan photographer, selalu mengawali pengelolaan media sosial dengan melakukan weekly meeting pada hari Senin untuk melakukan brainstorming konten yang akan diunggah di Instagram, mengupdate jadwal mingguan seluruh anggota divisi yang dicantumkan pada board trello, dan melakukan monitoring postingan konten hari sebelumnya agar dapat mengevaluasi hal-hal tertentu yang ditemui dari insight suatu konten yang diunggah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, bahwa pengelolaan media sosial Instagram yang dilakukan oleh divisi online marketing, melalui langkah-langkah pengelolaan, dimulai dari brainstorming, scheduling, olah konten, pengumpulan dan pengunggahan konten, serta monitoring dan evaluasi. Dari langkah-langkah tersebut maka media sosial Instagram Bloomery Patisserie dapat mencapai perkembangan seperti yang dialami sampai sekarang ketika penelitian ini dilakukan. Saran yang diberikan adalah agar Bloomery Patisserie dapat memaksimalkan semua fitur di Instagram yang belum di maksimalkan seperti fitur live Instagram

Analisis Curahan Tenaga Kerja Wanita Tani Pada Usahatani Bawang Merah Tuk-Tuk Di Desa Fatuketi Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu

This research was conducted to know: 1) the amount of farmer women labor alocation on Tuk-Tuk shallot farming 2) the revenues of Tuk-Tuk shallot farming and 3) the contribution of farmer women revenues on Tuk-Tuk shallot farming toward farmer household revenues at Fatuketi Village, KakulukMesakSub-District,Belu Regency. Fatuketi Village was selected as research location using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted in February 2019 and data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis.The variables measured were the alocation of women labor (MD), the revenues from tuk-tuk shallot farming (Rp), and the contribution of farmer women revenues on tuk-tuk shallot farming toward farmer household revenues(%). The results showed that (1) the average alocation of females farmer's work time on Tuk-Tuk shallot farming was 17.1 MDcomprised land preparation and processing 1.7 MD, nursery 3,1 MD, planting 1,1 MD, Fertilizing 0.9 MD, maintenance 8,4 MD, harvesting 0.9 MD, and post-harvest 0.9 MD. (2) the total revenues obtained from tuk-tuk shallot farming was Rp. 10.897.500, - (3) the revenues of farmer women on tuk-tuk shallot farming wasRp. 3.149.973, and (4) contribution of farmer women revenues to thefarmer household revenueswas 28,90%.This value indicated that the farmer women revenues contribution was small Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; 1) besarnya curahan tenaga kerja wanita pada usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk, 2) penerimaan usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk dan 3) kontribusi penerimaanwanitatanipadausahatanibawang merah tuk-tuk terhadap penerimaanrumahtanggapetanidi Desa Fatuketi Kecamatan Kakuluk Mesak Kabupaten Belu. Desa Fatuketi dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan februari 2019 dan analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Variabel yang diukur adalah besar curahan tenaga kerja wanita (HKO), penerimaan usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk (Rp), dan Kontribusi penerimaan wanita pada usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga (%). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) rerata curahan waktu kerja wanita tani pada usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk sebesar 17,1 HKO dengan rincian pengolahan lahan 1,7 HKO, persemaian 3,1 HKO, penanaman 1,1 HKO, Pemupukan 0,9 HKO, perawatan 8,4 HKO, pemanenan 0,9 HKO, dan pasca panen 0,9 HKO.(2) penerimaan usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk sebesar Rp. 10.897.500, (3) penerimaan wanita tani dalam usahatani bawang merah tuk-tuk adalah sebesar Rp. 3.149.973, dan (4) kontribusi penerimaan wanita tani terhadap penerimaan usahatani adalah sebesar 28,90%. Nilai tersebut menunjukan kontribusi penerimaan wanita tani tergolong kecil

ANALISIS SWOT DALAM MENENTUKAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN ALAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PT IMPRESSINDO KARYA STEEL JAKARTA-PUSAT

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti: (1) Kelebihan strategi pemasaran PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat dalam memasarkan Produk Alat Rumah Tangga; (2). Kelemahan strategi pemasaran PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat dalam memasarkan Produk Alat Rumah Tangga; (3) Peluang strategi pemasaran PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat dalam memasarkan Produk Alat Rumah Tangga; (4) Tantangan strategi pemasaran PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat dalam memasarkan Produk Alat Rumah Tangga. (5) Strategi pemasaran yang harus digunakan oleh PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat dalam memasarkan Produk Alat Rumah Tangga; (6) Matrik grand strategi pemasaran yang harus digunakan oleh PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat dalam memasarkan Produk Alat Rumah Tangga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan angket. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Strategi Pemasaran Produk Alat Rumah Tangga Di PT. Impressindo Karya Steel Jakarta-Pusat. Berada pada posisi KUADRAN 3 yaitu Perusahaan menghadapi peluang yang sangat besar, tetapi di pihak lain menghadapi beberapa kendala/kelemahan internal. Fokus strategi Perusahaan ini adalah meminimalkan masalah-masalah internal perusahaan sehingga dapat merebut peluang yang lebih baik