Caracterización del sistema agroforestal de café orgánico de los productores asociados a Unión Ejidos de la Selva

Debido a la tala inmoderada de bosques y selvas para obtener ingresos, la producción de café orgánico se presenta como una alternativa sostenible, ya que es considerado como un eje desarrollo rural, además de conservar bosques y selvas. Diversas sociedades en México se dedican al acopio de café orgánico para su exportación, como es el caso de Unión Ejidos de la Selva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la agrodiversidad y hacer un análisis funcional de los sistemas de agroforestales de café de los productores asociados a Unión Ejidos de la Selva S.R.P. de R.L. Los tipos de sistemas de café que predominan, son los de sombra mono específica (solo género Inga) y sombra diversificada (una combinación del género Inga con árboles frutales para consumo o árboles maderables para su venta).El principal producto económico es la venta de café. Las variedades que predomina son: Bourbon y Caturra.Due to the immoderate logging of forests and jungles to obtain income, the production of organic coffee as a sustainable alternative because is considered as axis rural development, and conserve forests and jungles. Several companies in Mexico dedicated to the collection of organic coffee for export, as in the case of Union Ejidos de la Selva. The aim of this study was to describe agrodiversity and make a functional analysis of agroforestry systems organic shade coffee producers associated with Union Ejidos de la Selva SRP of R.L. The types of coffee systems that predominate are the specific monkey shadow (Inga alone) and diversified shadow (a combination Inga with fruit trees for timber consumption or for sale).The main economic product is selling coffee. The predominant varieties: Bourbon and Caturra.Eje: A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Caracterización del sistema agroforestal de café orgánico de los productores asociados a Unión Ejidos de la Selva

Debido a la tala inmoderada de bosques y selvas para obtener ingresos, la producción de café orgánico se presenta como una alternativa sostenible, ya que es considerado como un eje desarrollo rural, además de conservar bosques y selvas. Diversas sociedades en México se dedican al acopio de café orgánico para su exportación, como es el caso de Unión Ejidos de la Selva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la agrodiversidad y hacer un análisis funcional de los sistemas de agroforestales de café de los productores asociados a Unión Ejidos de la Selva S.R.P. de R.L. Los tipos de sistemas de café que predominan, son los de sombra mono específica (solo género Inga) y sombra diversificada (una combinación del género Inga con árboles frutales para consumo o árboles maderables para su venta).El principal producto económico es la venta de café. Las variedades que predomina son: Bourbon y Caturra.Due to the immoderate logging of forests and jungles to obtain income, the production of organic coffee as a sustainable alternative because is considered as axis rural development, and conserve forests and jungles. Several companies in Mexico dedicated to the collection of organic coffee for export, as in the case of Union Ejidos de la Selva. The aim of this study was to describe agrodiversity and make a functional analysis of agroforestry systems organic shade coffee producers associated with Union Ejidos de la Selva SRP of R.L. The types of coffee systems that predominate are the specific monkey shadow (Inga alone) and diversified shadow (a combination Inga with fruit trees for timber consumption or for sale).The main economic product is selling coffee. The predominant varieties: Bourbon and Caturra.Eje: A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Caracterización del sistema agroforestal de café orgánico de los productores asociados a Unión Ejidos de la Selva

Debido a la tala inmoderada de bosques y selvas para obtener ingresos, la producción de café orgánico se presenta como una alternativa sostenible, ya que es considerado como un eje desarrollo rural, además de conservar bosques y selvas. Diversas sociedades en México se dedican al acopio de café orgánico para su exportación, como es el caso de Unión Ejidos de la Selva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la agrodiversidad y hacer un análisis funcional de los sistemas de agroforestales de café de los productores asociados a Unión Ejidos de la Selva S.R.P. de R.L. Los tipos de sistemas de café que predominan, son los de sombra mono específica (solo género Inga) y sombra diversificada (una combinación del género Inga con árboles frutales para consumo o árboles maderables para su venta).El principal producto económico es la venta de café. Las variedades que predomina son: Bourbon y Caturra.Due to the immoderate logging of forests and jungles to obtain income, the production of organic coffee as a sustainable alternative because is considered as axis rural development, and conserve forests and jungles. Several companies in Mexico dedicated to the collection of organic coffee for export, as in the case of Union Ejidos de la Selva. The aim of this study was to describe agrodiversity and make a functional analysis of agroforestry systems organic shade coffee producers associated with Union Ejidos de la Selva SRP of R.L. The types of coffee systems that predominate are the specific monkey shadow (Inga alone) and diversified shadow (a combination Inga with fruit trees for timber consumption or for sale).The main economic product is selling coffee. The predominant varieties: Bourbon and Caturra.Eje: A1 Sistemas de producción de base agroecológica (Trabajos científicos)Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Proteome remodelling by the stress sigma factor RpoS/σS in Salmonella: identification of small proteins and evidence for post-transcriptional regulation

International audienceThe RpoS/σS sigma subunit of RNA polymerase is the master regulator of the general stress response in many Gram-negative bacteria. Extensive studies have been conducted on σS-regulated gene expression at the transcriptional level. In contrast, very limited information regarding the impact of σS on global protein production is available. In this study, we used a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to explore the wide σS-dependent proteome of the human pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Our present goals were twofold: (1) to survey the protein changes associated with the ΔrpoS mutation and (2) to assess the coding capacity of σS-dependent small RNAs. Our proteomics data, and complementary assays, unravelled the large impact of σS on the Salmonella proteome, and validated expression and σS regulation of twenty uncharacterized small proteins of 27 to 96 amino acids. Furthermore, a large number of genes regulated at the protein level only were identified, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation is an important component of the σS response. Novel aspects of σS in the control of important catabolic pathways such as myo-inositol, L-fucose, propanediol, and ethanolamine were illuminated by this work, providing new insights into the physiological remodelling involved in bacterial adaptation to a non-actively growing state

Resistance to interprofessional collaboration in in-service training in primary health care*

Objetivo: fazer uma análise pelas resistências à colaboração interprofissional nas práticas profissionais de residentes na atenção primária à saúde. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa Sócio-clínica com 32 residentes de uma Residência Multiprofissional, realizada de 2017 a 2018. A produção de dados incluiu Análise Institucional das Práticas Profissionais, análise documental; diário do pesquisador; e observação. Os dados foram analisados a partir de conceitos da Análise Institucional. Resultados: Revelaram-se contradições entre a reprodução da educação uniprofissional com foco na especialidade e práticas colaborativas interprofissionais. A análise resistencial apontou dois eixos: não-saber como analisador de resistências à colaboração; interferências interprofissionais e relações de saber-poder. As práticas dos residentes foram caracterizadas pela resistência à colaboração interprofissional. Conclusão: A análise resistencial na Residência Multiprofissional evidenciou movimentos integrativos de assimilação e disputas com o poder médico-centrado, com prejuízos ao compartilhamento do cuidado e à comunicação interprofissional. A análise coletiva questionou a formação de profissionais de saúde, revisitando a perspectiva do cuidado integral orientado pelas necessidades dos usuários.Objective: to analyze the resistance to interprofessional collaboration in the professional practices of residents in primary health care. Method: Social and clinical qualitative research with 32 residents of a Multiprofessional Residency, carried out from 2017 to 2018. Data production included Institutional Analysis of Professional Practices, document analysis; investigator’s diary; and observation. Data were analyzed based on Institutional Analysis concepts. Results: There were contradictions between the reproduction of uniprofessional education with a focus on the specialty and interprofessional collaborative practices. The resistance analysis pointed to two axes: not-knowing as an analyzer of resistance to collaboration; interprofessional interference and knowledge-power relations. Residents’ practices were characterized as resistant to interprofessional collaboration. Conclusion: The resistance analysis in the Multiprofessional Residency showed integrative movements of assimilation and disputes with physician-centered power, with damage to the sharing of care and interprofessional communication. The collective analysis questioned health professionals education, revisiting the perspective of comprehensive care guided by the users’ needs.Objetivo: Hacer un análisis por medio de las resistencias a la colaboración interprofesional en las prácticas profesionales de residentes médicos en la atención primaria a la salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa socio clínica con 32 residentes de una Residencia Multiprofesional, realizada entre 2017 y 2018. La producción de datos incluyó Análisis Institucional de las Prácticas Profesionales, análisis documental; apuntes diarios del investigador; y observación. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de conceptos del Análisis Institucional. Resultados: Se revelaron contradicciones entre la reproducción de la educación uniprofesional con énfasis en la especialidad y prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales. El análisis de la resistencia destacó dos ejes: el no saber cómo método de análisis de resistencias a la colaboración; interferencias interprofesionales y relaciones de saber y de poder. Las prácticas de los residentes fueron caracterizadas por la resistencia a la colaboración interprofesional. Conclusión: El análisis de resistencia en la Residencia Multiprofesional evidenció movimientos integrativos de asimilación y disputas con el poder médico centrado, con daños a la división del cuidado y a la comunicación interprofesional. El análisis colectivo cuestionó la formación de profesionales de salud, revisitando la perspectiva del cuidado integral orientado por las necesidades de los pacientes

High-fat diet abolishes the cardioprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning in murine models despite increased thioredoxin-1 levels

Ischemic postconditioning (PostC) reduces infarct size in healthy experimental models. However, if protective effects of PostC are abolished during early stages of atherosclerotic and if this is related with a disbalance in mitochondrial energetics and alterations in thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is still unknown. The objectives were to generate a murine high-fat diet (HFD)-fed model that developed in a phenotype consistent with early stages of atherosclerosis to then evaluate whether HFD exposure increased oxidative stress and consequently abolished the cardioprotection conferred by PostC. We used C57/BL6 mice fed with control diet (CD) or HFD for 12 weeks. Isolated mice hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion (I/R group). For PostC group, after ischemia, six cycles of reperfusion/ischemia were performed (10 s per cycle) at the onset of reperfusion. In CD group, the PostC reduced infarct size (CD-I/R: 52.14 ± 2.8 vs. CD-PostC: 36.58 ± 1.8, P < 0.05) and increased phosphorylation of GSK3β (CD-PostC: 2.341 ± 1.03 vs. CD-Baseline: 0.923 ± 0.41 AUOD, P < 0.05), and this cardioprotection was abolished in HFD-exposed mice. HFD increased hydrogen peroxide levels, produced a shift towards an oxidized intracellular environment (GSSG/GSH 2 ), and increased Trx1 expression with higher fractions of oxidized protein. State 3 mitochondrial oxygen consumption in basal conditions decreased 24% in HFD-exposed mice and PostC improved state 3 values only in CD mice. Cellular redox state and mitochondrial bioenergetics were altered in HFD-exposed mice. We demonstrated that alterations in redox state at early stages of atherosclerosis abolished cardioprotective mechanisms, such as those induced by PostC, even with increased Trx1 levels.Fil: Mazo, Tamara Magali. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: D'Anunzio, Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Zaobornyj, Tamara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Anabella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Berg, Gabriela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Barchuk, Magalí. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ossani, Georgina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Martinefski, Manuela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: Tripodi, Valeria Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lago, Néstor. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad Medicina. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentin

Childhood encephalitis in the Greater Mekong region (the SouthEast Asia Encephalitis Project): a multicentre prospective study

International audienceBackgroundEncephalitis is a worldwide public health issue, with a substantially high burden among children in southeast Asia. We aimed to determine the causes of encephalitis in children admitted to hospitals across the Greater Mekong region by implementing a comprehensive state-of-the-art diagnostic procedure harmonised across all centres, and identifying clinical characteristics related to patients’ conditions.MethodsIn this multicentre, observational, prospective study of childhood encephalitis, four referral hospitals in Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar recruited children (aged 28 days to 16 years) who presented with altered mental status lasting more than 24 h and two of the following minor criteria: fever (within the 72 h before or after presentation), one or more generalised or partial seizures (excluding febrile seizures), a new-onset focal neurological deficit, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count of 5 per mL or higher, or brain imaging (CT or MRI) suggestive of lesions of encephalitis. Comprehensive diagnostic procedures were harmonised across all centres, with first-line testing was done on samples taken at inclusion and results delivered within 24 h of inclusion for main treatable causes of disease and second-line testing was done thereafter for mostly non-treatable causes. An independent expert medical panel reviewed the charts and attribution of causes of all the included children. Using multivariate analyses, we assessed risk factors associated with unfavourable outcomes (ie, severe neurological sequelae and death) at discharge using data from baseline and day 2 after inclusion. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04089436, and is now complete.FindingsBetween July 28, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, 664 children with encephalitis were enrolled. Median age was 4·3 years (1·8–8·8), 295 (44%) children were female, and 369 (56%) were male. A confirmed or probable cause of encephalitis was identified in 425 (64%) patients: 216 (33%) of 664 cases were due to Japanese encephalitis virus, 27 (4%) were due to dengue virus, 26 (4%) were due to influenza virus, 24 (4%) were due to herpes simplex virus 1, 18 (3%) were due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 17 (3%) were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, 17 (3%) were due to enterovirus A71, 74 (9%) were due to other pathogens, and six (1%) were due to autoimmune encephalitis. Diagnosis was made within 24 h of admission to hospital for 83 (13%) of 664 children. 119 (18%) children had treatable conditions and 276 (42%) had conditions that could have been preventable by vaccination. At time of discharge, 153 (23%) of 664 children had severe neurological sequelae and 83 (13%) had died. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for unfavourable outcome were diagnosis of M tuberculosis infection upon admission (odds ratio 3·23 [95% CI 1·04–10·03]), coma on day 2 (2·90 [1·78–4·72]), supplementary oxygen requirement (1·89 [1·25–2·86]), and more than 1 week duration between symptom onset and admission to hospital (3·03 [1·68–5·48]). At 1 year after inclusion, of 432 children who were discharged alive from hospital with follow-up data, 24 (5%) had died, 129 (30%) had neurological sequelae, and 279 (65%) had completely recovered.InterpretationIn southeast Asia, most causes of childhood encephalitis are either preventable or treatable, with Japanese encephalitis virus being the most common cause. We provide crucial information that could guide public health policy to improve diagnostic, vaccination, and early therapeutic guidelines on childhood encephalitis in the Greater Mekong region