A motivação escolar e a relação com o saber: uma experiência de estágio nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

This article deals with the correlation between school motivation factors and the relationship with knowledge. The discussions are the result of dialogues and readings done during the component Research and Internship III of the Pedagogy course, as well as the reflections made during the internship in a 4th grade class of the Elementary School of a public school in the city of Guanambi-BA. It was anchored on the assumptions of qualitative research. The instruments used to produce the analyzed data were observation and pedagogical strategies developed in the classroom context. Considering the central objective of evaluating the correlation between school motivation factors and the relationship with knowledge, the data from the study revealed that a good part of the students in the class were unmotivated to learn. They point out that the meanings they give, the relationships they establish, and the way learning is mediated are aspects that can result in motivation to learn and possibilities of overcoming difficulties in the school environment.O presente artigo versa sobre a correlação entre os fatores de motivação escolar e a relação com o saber. As discussões são fruto de diálogos e leituras realizados por meio do componente Pesquisa e Estágio III do curso de Pedagogia, bem como das reflexões tecidas durante o estágio em uma turma do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do município de Guanambi-BA. Ancorou-se nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa. Como instrumentos para a produção dos dados analisados utilizou-se da observação e de estratégias pedagógicas desenvolvidas no contexto da sala de aula. Tendo em vista o objetivo central de avaliar a correlação entre os fatores de motivação escolar e a relação com o saber, os dados do estudo revelaram que boa parte dos estudantes da turma se mostraram desmotivados para aprender. Apontam que os significados que esses dão, as relações que estabelecem e o modo como as aprendizagens são mediadas são aspectos que podem resultar em motivação para aprender e em possibilidades de superação de dificuldades no âmbito escolar

Diagnóstico de Síndrome de Sézary em paciente internado em um hospital no interior do Espírito Santo: um relato de caso

A síndrome de Sézary mantém-se com prognóstico particular e curta sobrevida, por esse motivo há a necessidade de realização de um diagnóstico precoce. O objetivo desse estudo é demonstrar as particularidades no diagnóstico e possível diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com eritrodermia esfoliativa, não se esquecendo do linfoma cutâneo de células T. Este tipo de linfoma se desenvolve na pele e é de difícil diagnóstico. As informações deste relato foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário. Foi realizado um relato de caso de um paciente (sexo masculino, 83 anos) portador de lesões na pele com placas eritematosas. O caso relatado traz luz à discussão sobre uma enfermidade com alterações cutâneas que teve o diagnóstico de doença linfoproliferativa postergado.  Pretendemos mostrar a complexidade do manejo de pacientes com Síndrome de Sézary, devido ao difícil diagnóstico. Após os resultados conclusivos, o paciente foi encaminhado ao hematologista para estadiamento e condução para o tratamento assertivo. A síndrome de Sézary mantém-se com prognóstico particular e curta sobrevida, por esse motivo há a necessidade de realização de um diagnóstico precoce. O objetivo desse estudo é demonstrar as particularidades no diagnóstico e possível diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com eritrodermia esfoliativa, não se esquecendo do linfoma cutâneo de células T. Este tipo de linfoma se desenvolve na pele e é de difícil diagnóstico. As informações deste relato foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário. Foi realizado um relato de caso de um paciente (sexo masculino, 83 anos) portador de lesões na pele com placas eritematosas. O caso relatado traz luz à discussão sobre uma enfermidade com alterações cutâneas que teve o diagnóstico de doença linfoproliferativa postergado.  Pretendemos mostrar a complexidade do manejo de pacientes com Síndrome de Sézary, devido ao difícil diagnóstico. Após os resultados conclusivos, o paciente foi encaminhado ao hematologista para estadiamento e condução para o tratamento assertivo

Características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros alimentados com borra de manipueira em substituição ao milho

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the substitution (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of corn by cassava wastewater dregs on carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs. Forty male sheep, uncastrated with an average initial body weight of 20 ± 1.87 kg and five months of age, were used. These were housed in individual pens in a randomized block design with four treatments and ten repetitions and slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. Quadratic effect (P < 0.05) was observed for the empty body weight (EBW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW) and carcass compactness index (CCI), with maximum points of 36.14, 19.45, 20.20 and 0.31 kg cm-1 for the replacement level of corn for cassava wastewater dregs, 50.0, 53.84, 54.04 and 45.45% respectively. There was also an effect (P < 0.05) on the weights of the rumen and “Buchada”, with maximum points of 0.909 and 6.25 kg per replacement level, 49.11 and 51.29% respectively. As for retail cuts, only the efficiency of the leg was altered (P < 0.05), having a linear increase while the other variables were not affected. Cassava wastewater dregs can be used in full as an alternative food in the diet of feedlot lambs without harming the main carcass characteristics and non-carcass components.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição (0, 33, 66 e 100%) do milho pela borra de manipueira sobre as características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês. Foram utilizados quarenta ovinos machos não castrados, com peso corporal inicial médio de 20 ± 1,87 kg e cinco meses de idade. Estes foram confinados em baias individuais, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições, e abatidos após 70 dias de confinamento. Efeito quadrático (p < 0,05) foi observado para o peso do corpo vazio (PCV), peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e fria (PCF) e o índice de compacidade da carcaça (ICC), as mesmas apresentaram pontos de máxima de 36,14; 19,45; 20,20 e 0,31kg cm-1 ao nível de substituição do milho pela borra de manipueira de 50,0; 53,84; 54,04 e 45,45%, respectivamente. Também houve efeito (p < 0,05) sobre os pesos do rúmen e da buchada, com ponto de máxima de 0,909 e 6,25 kg ao nível de substituição de 49,11 e 51,29%, respectivamente. Quanto aos cortes comerciais, apenas o rendimento da perna foi alterado (p < 0,05) apresentando efeito linear crescente. Enquanto as demais variáveis não foram afetadas. A borra de manipueira pode ser utilizada de forma integral como alternativa alimentar na dieta de cordeiros em confinamento, sem prejudicar as principais características da carcaça e os componentes não-carcaça

Cat-rodent Toxoplasma gondii Type II-variant circulation and limited genetic diversity on the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil

Abstract Background In Brazil, studies on animals and humans in mainland areas have shown that most strains of Toxoplasma gondii are pathogenic to mice and exhibit great genetic variability. Results In this study, using a set of 11 PCR-RFLP and 15 microsatellite markers, we isolated and genetically characterised T. gondii strains from one cat and three rats on Fernando de Noronha Island. The cat had antibodies to T. gondii, which were revealed using a modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:25) and the seroprevalence among the 46 rodents was 15.2%. Viable T. gondii was isolated from one cat (TgCatBrFN1), two brown rats (TgRatnoBrFN1 and TgRatnoBrFN2) and one black rat (TgRatraBrFN1). Unlike the strains from mainland Brazil, these isolates were not pathogenic to outbred mice. The genotypes of these strains were compared with strains previously isolated on the island and in mainland Brazil. The analysis based on microsatellite data showed a limited genetic diversity of T. gondii on Fernando de Noronha Island with the majority of strains clustered into the following three groups: type II, III, and Caribbean 1. Conclusions There was little variation among strains within the same group, suggesting that the majority of strains circulating on Fernando de Noronha are derived from only a few strains that were recently introduced to the island, likely from imported cats. Except for the strain belonging to the Caribbean 1 group that originates from northeast Brazil, there was little evidence that strains from the other groups were introduced to Fernando de Noronha via mainland Brazil

An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, notably Brazil and Argentina. Therefore, the detection of infected animals is important in defining prevention and control strategies, particularly when flocks are destined for international trade. Identification of infected herds is most often achieved by assays that detect antibodies, such as enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). However, to date, no ELISA has been evaluated in its capacity to detect antibodies to these alphaherpesviruses. Here, an ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to all currently recognized BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, and BuAHV-1 types/subtypes, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. Six hundred bovine sera were screened in serum neutralization tests (SN) against the seven viruses. ELISAs prepared with each of the viruses were compared to SN. Subsequently, a combined assay with multiple antigens LISA was prepared by mixing five viral antigens, chosen for their highest sensitivity in the preparative assays. In comparison to SN, the mAgELISA sensitivity was 96.5% with 96.1% specificity (&kappa; = 0.93; PPV = 95.0%; NPV = 97.3%). The findings reveal that the mAgELISA developed here is highly suitable for the detection of antibodies, comparable in sensitivity and specificity to that of SN when performed with all known types and subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses

An ELISA to detect antibodies to bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 in cattle sera

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, notably Brazil and Argentina. Therefore, the detection of infected animals is important in defining prevention and control strategies, particularly when flocks are destined for international trade. Identification of infected herds is most often achieved by assays that detect antibodies, such as enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). However, to date, no ELISA has been evaluated in its capacity to detect antibodies to these alphaherpesviruses. Here, an ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to all currently recognized BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, and BuAHV-1 types/subtypes, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. Six hundred bovine sera were screened in serum neutralization tests (SN) against the seven viruses. ELISAs prepared with each of the viruses were compared to SN. Subsequently, a combined assay with multiple antigens LISA was prepared by mixing five viral antigens, chosen for their highest sensitivity in the preparative assays. In comparison to SN, the mAgELISA sensitivity was 96.5% with 96.1% specificity (κ = 0.93; PPV = 95.0%; NPV = 97.3%). The findings reveal that the mAgELISA developed here is highly suitable for the detection of antibodies, comparable in sensitivity and specificity to that of SN when performed with all known types and subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses

An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, notably Brazil and Argentina. Therefore, the detection of infected animals is important in defining prevention and control strategies, particularly when flocks are destined for international trade. Identification of infected herds is most often achieved by assays that detect antibodies, such as enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). However, to date, no ELISA has been evaluated in its capacity to detect antibodies to these alphaherpesviruses. Here, an ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to all currently recognized BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, and BuAHV-1 types/subtypes, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. Six hundred bovine sera were screened in serum neutralization tests (SN) against the seven viruses. ELISAs prepared with each of the viruses were compared to SN. Subsequently, a combined assay with multiple antigens LISA was prepared by mixing five viral antigens, chosen for their highest sensitivity in the preparative assays. In comparison to SN, the mAgELISA sensitivity was 96.5% with 96.1% specificity (κ = 0.93; PPV = 95.0%; NPV = 97.3%). The findings reveal that the mAgELISA developed here is highly suitable for the detection of antibodies, comparable in sensitivity and specificity to that of SN when performed with all known types and subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses

"Segundo a qualidade de suas pessoas e fazenda": estratégias educativas na sociedade mineira colonial "According to their personal qualities and possessions": educational strategies in the Minas Gerais colonial society

Este artigo analisa algumas estratégias educativas na Comarca do Rio das Velhas, Capitania de Minas Gerais, no século XVIII, envolvendo diferentes grupos e indivíduos, que buscavam, por meio da educação escolar e não escolar, construir seus espaços de atuação e adequação naquela sociedade.<br>This article analyses some educational strategies in the Rio das Velhas Comarca, Minas Gerais Capitania, in the 18th century, involving different groups and individuals that were seeking, through school and non school education, to build their spaces for working and adapting in that society