The impact of collectivism and uncertainty avoidance on concession frames in negotiations

The aim of the present master’s thesis is to investigate framing effects in negotiation across cultures. This research analyses the potentially opposing effects of collectivism and uncertainty avoidance on concession frames in negotiations. Concession frames refer to presenting a concession in negotiation as emphasizing its costliness to the conceder versus its benefit to the receiver. Specifically, this thesis explored two contrasting viewpoints. On one hand, it is possible that a culture high on uncertainty avoidance may reciprocate the cost frame less as it is associated with ambiguity compared to the benefit frame. On the other, it is possible that collectivism, with its emphasis on self-sacrifice for the good of the group, might make receivers of the cost frame, reciprocate more than the benefit frame. This thesis tests these two contrasting predictions with participants from cultures high on both of these cultural dimensions, Portugal and Qatar in two experimental studies. The data revealed that receivers of the cost frame reciprocated their concessions more and had less negative views of their counterpart compared to receivers of the benefit frame. These findings suggest that collectivism must be the important dimension for the use of concession frames and are consistent with previous research conducted in North America (individualist society), which found that the cost frame is viewed less favorably than the benefit frame. The available evidence shows that framing effects in negotiation are subject to change around the world.O objectivo da presente tese de mestrado é investigar, em diferentes culturas, os efeitos de enquadramento (framing effects) nas negociações. Assim, analisam-se os potenciais efeitos opostos do coletivismo e da aversão à incerteza nos quadros de concessão (concession frames) nas negociações. Quadros de concessão referem-se à forma de apresentar uma concessão numa negociação, dando ênfase ou ao custo que o concedente acarreta ou ao benefício para o destinatário. Especificamente, é possível que uma cultura com alta aversão à incerteza retribua menos o quadro custo (cost frame), dado estar associado a ambiguidade comparativamente ao quadro benefício (benefit frame). Por outro lado, é possível que o coletivismo, que dá ênfase ao sacrifício pelo grupo, leve os recetores do quadro custo a retribuir mais. Esta tese testa as duas hipóteses contrastantes, em dois estudos experimentais, com participantes de culturas com valores altos nas referidas dimensões culturais, Portugal e Qatar. Os dados revelaram que os recetores do quadro custo retribuíram mais e tiveram perceções menos negativas acerca do outro negociante, comparativamente aos do quadro benefício. Assim, o coletivismo deverá ser a dimensão relevante nos quadros de concessão, o que é consistente com estudos já realizados na América do Norte (sociedade individualista), que revelaram que o quadro custo é visto de forma menos favorável que o quadro benefício. As evidências disponíveis mostram que os efeitos de enquadramento na negociação podem sofrer alterações à volta do mundo

Impacto da infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) no desenvolvimento de lesões orais

Oral squamous papilloma is a benign tumor, whose pathogenesis has been associated with human papillomavirus infection, which can affect any region of the oral cavity, being transmitted through direct contact, sexual intercourse or from mother to child during childbirth. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the impact of HPV on the development of oral lesions and evaluate the relationship with pre-cancerous lesions, contributing to preventive understanding and early diagnosis of these conditions. To this end, an integrative literature review was carried out with studies retrieved from online databases: PubMed, and Virtual Health Library (LILACS and MEDLINE). The following inclusion criteria were adopted: original complete articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish, available in full, that addressed the topic and with a time frame of the last five years. 241 findings were located, including 10 studies according to the inclusion criteria established for this study. There are more than 100 types of HPV identified, and they are classified into high- and low-risk groups based on their oncogenic properties. Generally, lesions can occur in different regions of the oral cavity, such as the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, gums and soft palate, manifesting as warts or papillomas. These lesions can be single or multiple, varying in size, color and shape, with an exophytic appearance. The absence of pain is common, however, some patients may report discomfort or irritation. The importance of early detection and appropriate intervention is highlighted to avoid complications and contribute to oral and general health. It is important to pay attention to existing knowledge and emphasize the need for preventive efforts, which are important to combat the spread of HPV and its implications.O papiloma escamoso oral é um tumor benigno, cuja patogênese tem sido associada à infecção pelo papilomavírus humano que pode acometer qualquer região da cavidade oral, sendo transmitido através de contato direto, relações sexuais ou de mãe para filho durante o parto. Deste modo, o presente artigo pretendeu investigar o impacto do HPV no desenvolvimento de lesões orais e avaliar a relação com lesões pré-cancerígenas, contribuindo para a compreensão preventiva e diagnóstico precoce dessas condições. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com estudos recuperados nas bases de dados online: PubMed, e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (LILACS e MEDLINE). Adotaram-se como critérios de inclusão: artigos completos originais nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, disponíveis na íntegra, que abordassem a temática e com recorte temporal dos últimos cinco anos. Foram localizados 241 achados, onde se incluiu 10 estudos conforme os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos para esse estudo. Existem mais de 100 tipos de HPV identificados, e eles são classificados em grupo de alto e baixo risco com base em suas propriedades oncogênicas. Geralmente, as lesões podem ocorrer em diferentes regiões da cavidade bucal, como língua, lábios, mucosa jugal, gengivas e palato mole, manifestam-se como verrugas ou papilomas. Essas lesões podem ser únicas ou múltiplas, variando em tamanho, cor e forma, com aspecto exofítico. A ausência de dor é comum, porém, alguns pacientes podem relatar desconforto ou irritação. Ressalta-se a relevância da detecção precoce e da intervenção adequada para evitar complicações e contribuir para a saúde bucal e geral. É importante atentar aos conhecimentos existentes e enfatizar a necessidade de esforços preventivos, importantes para o combate à propagação do HPV e suas implicações

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

International audienc

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data