Lingvopragmatic potential of ironic statements in the English disourse of fiction

У статті розглядаються особливості художнього дискурсу, встановлюється статус іронії у світлі сучасних філологічних досліджень, аналізується іронія як стилістичний засіб, а також виявляються лінгвістичні засоби її експлікації в художньому творі, окреслюються закономірності іронії як комічного засобу та засобу емоційно-оцінної критики. У процесі дослідження було охарактеризовано основні типи іронії та ідентифіковано особливості реагування адресата на іронічні висловлювання.В статье рассматриваются особенности художественного дискурса, определяется статус иронии в русле современных филологических исследований, анализируется ирония как стилистический примем, а также определяются лингвистические средства ее экспликации в художественном произведении, очерчены закономерности иронии как комического средства и средства эмоционально-оценочной критики. В процессе исследования было охарактеризовано основные типы иронии и идентифицировано особенности реагирования адресата на иронические высказывания.The article investigates the peculiarities of the discourse od fiction, determines the status of irony in the light of modern philological studies, analyzes irony as a stylistic device, shows linguistic means of its explication in literary texts, describes the regularities of irony as comic means and means of emotional and evaluative criticism. The main types of irony are also taken into consideration, as well as the peculiarities of the addressee’s response to the ironic statements

How large dimension guarantees a given angle?

We study the following two problems: (1) Given $n\ge 2$ and \al, how large Hausdorff dimension can a compact set A\su\Rn have if $A$ does not contain three points that form an angle \al? (2) Given \al and \de, how large Hausdorff dimension can a %compact subset $A$ of a Euclidean space have if $A$ does not contain three points that form an angle in the \de-neighborhood of \al? An interesting phenomenon is that different angles show different behaviour in the above problems. Apart from the clearly special extreme angles 0 and $180^\circ$, the angles $60^\circ,90^\circ$ and $120^\circ$ also play special role in problem (2): the maximal dimension is smaller for these special angles than for the other angles. In problem (1) the angle $90^\circ$ seems to behave differently from other angles

Optimisation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe urg1 expression system

The ability to study protein function in vivo often relies on systems that regulate the presence and absence of the protein of interest. Two limitations for previously described transcriptional control systems that are used to regulate protein expression in fission yeast are: the time taken for inducing conditions to initiate transcription and the ability to achieve very low basal transcription in the "OFF-state". In previous work, we described a Cre recombination-mediated system that allows the rapid and efficient regulation of any gene of interest by the urg1 promoter, which has a dynamic range of approximately 75-fold and which is induced within 30-60 minutes of uracil addition. In this report we describe easy-to-use and versatile modules that can be exploited to significantly tune down P urg1 "OFF-levels" while maintaining an equivalent dynamic range. We also provide plasmids and tools for combining P urg1 transcriptional control with the auxin degron tag to help maintain a null-like phenotype. We demonstrate the utility of this system by improved regulation of HO-dependent site-specific DSB formation, by the regulation Rtf1-dependent replication fork arrest and by controlling Rhp18(Rad18)-dependent post replication repair

Avaliação de fontes integradas de nutrientes no solo dos parâmetros de crescimento e produção de sorgo no solo de Makurdi, Nigéria

Research was carried out at University Commercial Crop Farm, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, to evaluate the effects of different soil nutrient sources on the growth and yield of sorghum in the 2016 and 2017 cropping season under rain-fed condition. The experiment consisted of fourteen treatments; (I) Control, (II) Soybean intercrop, (III) 2.0 t/ha-1 of PM, (IV) 2.0 t/ha-1 of PM + Soybean, (V) 3.5 t/ha-1 of PM, (VI) 3.5 t/ha-1 of PM + Soybean, (VII) 0.2 t/ha-1 of CP, (VIII) 0.2 t/ha-1 of CP + Soybean, (IX) 0.4 t/ha-1 of CP, (X) 0.4 t/ha-1 of CP + Soybean, (XI) 30 kg N/ha-1, (XII) 30 kg N/ha-1 + Soybean, (XIII) 60 kg N/ha-1, and (XIV) 60 kg N/ha-1 + Soybean. The experiment was laid in Randomised Complete Block Design in three (3) replications. Sole applications of compost manure at 0.4 t/ha-1 had significant difference on leaf area. Soybean as nutrient source did not have significant difference on crop parameters. Poultry manure, NPK fertilizer and compost manure significantly affected growth and yield parameters in the two cropping seasons. The highest yield were obtained from application of NPK fertilizer at 60 kg N/ha-1 in plots where sorghum was intercropped with soybeans, this was not however significant when compared with plots where NPK fertilizer was applied without soybean mixture.La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Granja de Cultivos Comerciales de la Universidad, Universidade Federal de Agricultura Makurdi, para evaluar los efectos de diferentes fuentes de nutrientes del suelo sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento del sorgo en las temporadas 2016 y 2017 bajo condiciones de secano. El experimento constó de catorce tratamientos; (I) Control, (II) Soja intercalado, (III) 2,0 t/ha-1 PM, (IV) 2,0 t/ha-1 PM + Soja, (V) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM, (VI) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM + Soja, (VII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB, (VIII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (IX) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB, ( X) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (XI) 30 kg N/ha-1, (XII) 30 kg N/ha-1 + Soja, (XIII) 60 kg N/ha-1, y ( XIV) 60 kg N/ha-1 + Soja. El experimento se colocó en un diseño aleatorio de bloques completos en tres (3) repeticiones. Aplicaciones aisladas de compost de estiércol a una dosis de 0,4 t/ha-1 tuvieron una diferencia significativa en el área foliar. La soja como fuente de nutrientes no mostró diferencias significativas en los parámetros de cultivo. El estiércol de pollo, el fertilizante NPK y el estiércol de compost afectaron significativamente los parámetros de crecimiento y rendimiento en ambas temporadas. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con la aplicación de fertilizante NPK a la dosis de 60 kg N/ha-1 en las parcelas donde se intercaló sorgo con soya, pero no fue significativo al compararlo con las parcelas donde se aplicó fertilizante NPK sin mezcla de soya. .A pesquisa foi realizada na University Commercial Crop Farm, Universidade Federal de Agricultura Makurdi, para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes fontes de nutrientes do solo no crescimento e rendimento do sorgo na safra de 2016 e 2017 sob condições de sequeiro. O experimento constou de quatorze tratamentos; (I) Controle, (II) Consórcio de soja, (III) 2,0 t/ha-1 de PM, (IV) 2,0 t/ha-1 de PM + Soja, (V) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM, (VI) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM + Soja, (VII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB, (VIII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (IX) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB, (X) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (XI) 30 kg N/ha-1, (XII) 30 kg N/ha-1 + Soja, (XIII) 60 kg N/ha-1, e (XIV) 60 kg N/ha-1 + Soja. O experimento foi colocado em Design de Bloco Completo Randomizado em três (3) repetições. Aplicações isoladas de esterco de compostagem na dose de 0,4 t/ha-1 tiveram diferença significativa na área foliar. A soja como fonte de nutriente não apresentou diferença significativa nos parâmetros da cultura. O esterco de frango, o fertilizante NPK e o esterco composto afetaram significativamente os parâmetros de crescimento e rendimento nas duas safras. As maiores produtividades foram obtidas com a aplicação do fertilizante NPK na dose de 60 kg N/ha-1 nas parcelas onde o sorgo foi consorciado com a soja, porém não foi significativo quando comparado com as parcelas onde foi aplicado o fertilizante NPK sem mistura de soja

Small-Scale Extrusion of Corn Masa By-Products

Corn masa by-product streams are high in fiber and are amenable for utilization in livestock feed rations. This approach is a potentially viable alternative to landfilling, the traditional disposal method for these processing residues. Suspended solids were separated from a masa processing waste stream, blended with soybean meal at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30% wb), and extruded in a laboratory-scale extruder at speeds of 50 rpm (5.24 rad/sec) and 100 rpm (10.47 rad/sec) with temperature profiles of 80-90-100°C and 100-110-120°C. Processing conditions, including dough and die temperatures, drive torque, specific mechanical energy consumption, product and feed material throughput rates, dough apparent viscosity, and dough density, were monitored during extrusion. The resulting products were subjected to physical and nutritional characterization to determine the effects of processing conditions for these blends. Extrudate analysis included moisture content, water activity, crude protein, in vitro protein digestibility, crude fat, ash, product diameter, expansion ratios, unit and true density, color, water absorption and solubility, and durability. All blends were suitable for extrusion at the processing conditions used. Blend ratio had little effect on either processing parameters or extrudate properties; extrusion temperature and screw speed, on the other hand, significantly affected both processing and product properties

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a bb pair in events with one charged lepton and large missing transverse energy using the full CDF data set

We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson in sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV p-pbar collision data collected with the CDF II detector at the Tevatron corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.45 fb-1. In events consistent with the decay of the Higgs boson to a bottom-quark pair and the W boson to an electron or muon and a neutrino, we set 95% credibility level upper limits on the WH production cross section times the H->bb branching ratio as a function of Higgs boson mass. At a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV/c2 we observe (expect) a limit of 4.9 (2.8) times the standard model value.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett (v2 contains clarifications suggested by PRL

An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge

BACKGROUND: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data was donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. RESULTS: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. CONCLUSIONS: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups

Direct observation of DNA threading in flap endonuclease complexes

Maintenance of genome integrity requires that branched nucleic acid molecules are accurately processed to produce double-helical DNA. Flap endonucleases are essential enzymes that trim such branched molecules generated by Okazaki fragment synthesis during replication. Here, we report crystal structures of bacteriophage T5 flap endonuclease in complexes with intact DNA substrates, and products, at resolutions of 1.9–2.2 Å. They reveal single-stranded DNA threading through a hole in the enzyme enclosed by an inverted Vshaped helical arch straddling the active site. Residues lining the hole induce an unusual barb-like conformation in the DNA substrate juxtaposing the scissile phosphate and essential catalytic metal ions. A series of complexes and biochemical analyses show how the substrate’s single-stranded branch approaches, threads through, and finally emerges on the far side of the enzyme. Our studies suggest that substrate recognition involves an unusual “flycasting, thread, bend and barb” mechanis

Lingvopragmatic potential of ironic statements in the English disourse of fiction

У статті розглядаються особливості художнього дискурсу, встановлюється статус іронії у світлі сучасних філологічних досліджень, аналізується іронія як стилістичний засіб, а також виявляються лінгвістичні засоби її експлікації в художньому творі, окреслюються закономірності іронії як комічного засобу та засобу емоційно-оцінної критики. У процесі дослідження було охарактеризовано основні типи іронії та ідентифіковано особливості реагування адресата на іронічні висловлювання.В статье рассматриваются особенности художественного дискурса, определяется статус иронии в русле современных филологических исследований, анализируется ирония как стилистический примем, а также определяются лингвистические средства ее экспликации в художественном произведении, очерчены закономерности иронии как комического средства и средства эмоционально-оценочной критики. В процессе исследования было охарактеризовано основные типы иронии и идентифицировано особенности реагирования адресата на иронические высказывания.The article investigates the peculiarities of the discourse od fiction, determines the status of irony in the light of modern philological studies, analyzes irony as a stylistic device, shows linguistic means of its explication in literary texts, describes the regularities of irony as comic means and means of emotional and evaluative criticism. The main types of irony are also taken into consideration, as well as the peculiarities of the addressee’s response to the ironic statements