Avaliação de fontes integradas de nutrientes no solo dos parâmetros de crescimento e produção de sorgo no solo de Makurdi, Nigéria

Research was carried out at University Commercial Crop Farm, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, to evaluate the effects of different soil nutrient sources on the growth and yield of sorghum in the 2016 and 2017 cropping season under rain-fed condition. The experiment consisted of fourteen treatments; (I) Control, (II) Soybean intercrop, (III) 2.0 t/ha-1 of PM, (IV) 2.0 t/ha-1 of PM + Soybean, (V) 3.5 t/ha-1 of PM, (VI) 3.5 t/ha-1 of PM + Soybean, (VII) 0.2 t/ha-1 of CP, (VIII) 0.2 t/ha-1 of CP + Soybean, (IX) 0.4 t/ha-1 of CP, (X) 0.4 t/ha-1 of CP + Soybean, (XI) 30 kg N/ha-1, (XII) 30 kg N/ha-1 + Soybean, (XIII) 60 kg N/ha-1, and (XIV) 60 kg N/ha-1 + Soybean. The experiment was laid in Randomised Complete Block Design in three (3) replications. Sole applications of compost manure at 0.4 t/ha-1 had significant difference on leaf area. Soybean as nutrient source did not have significant difference on crop parameters. Poultry manure, NPK fertilizer and compost manure significantly affected growth and yield parameters in the two cropping seasons. The highest yield were obtained from application of NPK fertilizer at 60 kg N/ha-1 in plots where sorghum was intercropped with soybeans, this was not however significant when compared with plots where NPK fertilizer was applied without soybean mixture.La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Granja de Cultivos Comerciales de la Universidad, Universidade Federal de Agricultura Makurdi, para evaluar los efectos de diferentes fuentes de nutrientes del suelo sobre el crecimiento y el rendimiento del sorgo en las temporadas 2016 y 2017 bajo condiciones de secano. El experimento constó de catorce tratamientos; (I) Control, (II) Soja intercalado, (III) 2,0 t/ha-1 PM, (IV) 2,0 t/ha-1 PM + Soja, (V) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM, (VI) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM + Soja, (VII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB, (VIII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (IX) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB, ( X) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (XI) 30 kg N/ha-1, (XII) 30 kg N/ha-1 + Soja, (XIII) 60 kg N/ha-1, y ( XIV) 60 kg N/ha-1 + Soja. El experimento se colocó en un diseño aleatorio de bloques completos en tres (3) repeticiones. Aplicaciones aisladas de compost de estiércol a una dosis de 0,4 t/ha-1 tuvieron una diferencia significativa en el área foliar. La soja como fuente de nutrientes no mostró diferencias significativas en los parámetros de cultivo. El estiércol de pollo, el fertilizante NPK y el estiércol de compost afectaron significativamente los parámetros de crecimiento y rendimiento en ambas temporadas. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con la aplicación de fertilizante NPK a la dosis de 60 kg N/ha-1 en las parcelas donde se intercaló sorgo con soya, pero no fue significativo al compararlo con las parcelas donde se aplicó fertilizante NPK sin mezcla de soya. .A pesquisa foi realizada na University Commercial Crop Farm, Universidade Federal de Agricultura Makurdi, para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes fontes de nutrientes do solo no crescimento e rendimento do sorgo na safra de 2016 e 2017 sob condições de sequeiro. O experimento constou de quatorze tratamentos; (I) Controle, (II) Consórcio de soja, (III) 2,0 t/ha-1 de PM, (IV) 2,0 t/ha-1 de PM + Soja, (V) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM, (VI) 3,5 t/ha-1 de PM + Soja, (VII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB, (VIII) 0,2 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (IX) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB, (X) 0,4 t/ha-1 de PB + Soja, (XI) 30 kg N/ha-1, (XII) 30 kg N/ha-1 + Soja, (XIII) 60 kg N/ha-1, e (XIV) 60 kg N/ha-1 + Soja. O experimento foi colocado em Design de Bloco Completo Randomizado em três (3) repetições. Aplicações isoladas de esterco de compostagem na dose de 0,4 t/ha-1 tiveram diferença significativa na área foliar. A soja como fonte de nutriente não apresentou diferença significativa nos parâmetros da cultura. O esterco de frango, o fertilizante NPK e o esterco composto afetaram significativamente os parâmetros de crescimento e rendimento nas duas safras. As maiores produtividades foram obtidas com a aplicação do fertilizante NPK na dose de 60 kg N/ha-1 nas parcelas onde o sorgo foi consorciado com a soja, porém não foi significativo quando comparado com as parcelas onde foi aplicado o fertilizante NPK sem mistura de soja

How large dimension guarantees a given angle?

We study the following two problems: (1) Given $n\ge 2$ and \al, how large Hausdorff dimension can a compact set A\su\Rn have if $A$ does not contain three points that form an angle \al? (2) Given \al and \de, how large Hausdorff dimension can a %compact subset $A$ of a Euclidean space have if $A$ does not contain three points that form an angle in the \de-neighborhood of \al? An interesting phenomenon is that different angles show different behaviour in the above problems. Apart from the clearly special extreme angles 0 and $180^\circ$, the angles $60^\circ,90^\circ$ and $120^\circ$ also play special role in problem (2): the maximal dimension is smaller for these special angles than for the other angles. In problem (1) the angle $90^\circ$ seems to behave differently from other angles

Lingvopragmatic potential of ironic statements in the English disourse of fiction

У статті розглядаються особливості художнього дискурсу, встановлюється статус іронії у світлі сучасних філологічних досліджень, аналізується іронія як стилістичний засіб, а також виявляються лінгвістичні засоби її експлікації в художньому творі, окреслюються закономірності іронії як комічного засобу та засобу емоційно-оцінної критики. У процесі дослідження було охарактеризовано основні типи іронії та ідентифіковано особливості реагування адресата на іронічні висловлювання.В статье рассматриваются особенности художественного дискурса, определяется статус иронии в русле современных филологических исследований, анализируется ирония как стилистический примем, а также определяются лингвистические средства ее экспликации в художественном произведении, очерчены закономерности иронии как комического средства и средства эмоционально-оценочной критики. В процессе исследования было охарактеризовано основные типы иронии и идентифицировано особенности реагирования адресата на иронические высказывания.The article investigates the peculiarities of the discourse od fiction, determines the status of irony in the light of modern philological studies, analyzes irony as a stylistic device, shows linguistic means of its explication in literary texts, describes the regularities of irony as comic means and means of emotional and evaluative criticism. The main types of irony are also taken into consideration, as well as the peculiarities of the addressee’s response to the ironic statements

Lingvopragmatic potential of ironic statements in the English disourse of fiction

У статті розглядаються особливості художнього дискурсу, встановлюється статус іронії у світлі сучасних філологічних досліджень, аналізується іронія як стилістичний засіб, а також виявляються лінгвістичні засоби її експлікації в художньому творі, окреслюються закономірності іронії як комічного засобу та засобу емоційно-оцінної критики. У процесі дослідження було охарактеризовано основні типи іронії та ідентифіковано особливості реагування адресата на іронічні висловлювання.В статье рассматриваются особенности художественного дискурса, определяется статус иронии в русле современных филологических исследований, анализируется ирония как стилистический примем, а также определяются лингвистические средства ее экспликации в художественном произведении, очерчены закономерности иронии как комического средства и средства эмоционально-оценочной критики. В процессе исследования было охарактеризовано основные типы иронии и идентифицировано особенности реагирования адресата на иронические высказывания.The article investigates the peculiarities of the discourse od fiction, determines the status of irony in the light of modern philological studies, analyzes irony as a stylistic device, shows linguistic means of its explication in literary texts, describes the regularities of irony as comic means and means of emotional and evaluative criticism. The main types of irony are also taken into consideration, as well as the peculiarities of the addressee’s response to the ironic statements

Data-driven generation of 4D velocity profiles in the aneurysmal ascending aorta

Background and Objective: Numerical simulations of blood flow are a valuable tool to investigate the pathophysiology of ascending thoratic aortic aneurysms (ATAA). To accurately reproduce in vivo hemodynamics, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models must employ realistic inflow boundary conditions (BCs). However, the limited availability of in vivo velocity measurements, still makes researchers resort to idealized BCs. The aim of this study was to generate and thoroughly characterize a large dataset of synthetic 4D aortic velocity profiles sampled on a 2D cross-section along the ascending aorta with features similar to clinical cohorts of patients with ATAA. Methods: Time-resolved 3D phase contrast magnetic resonance (4D flow MRI) scans of 30 subjects with ATAA were processed through in-house code to extract anatomically consistent cross-sectional planes along the ascending aorta, ensuring spatial alignment among all planes and interpolating all velocity fields to a reference configuration. Velocity profiles of the clinical cohort were extensively characterized by computing flow morphology descriptors of both spatial and temporal features. By exploiting principal component analysis (PCA), a statistical shape model (SSM) of 4D aortic velocity profiles was built and a dataset of 437 synthetic cases with realistic properties was generated. Results: Comparison between clinical and synthetic datasets showed that the synthetic data presented similar characteristics as the clinical population in terms of key morphological parameters. The average velocity profile qualitatively resembled a parabolic-shaped profile, but was quantitatively characterized by more complex flow patterns which an idealized profile would not replicate. Statistically significant correlations were found between PCA principal modes of variation and flow descriptors. Conclusions: We built a data-driven generative model of 4D aortic inlet velocity profiles, suitable to be used in computational studies of blood flow. The proposed software system also allows to map any of the generated velocity profiles to the inlet plane of any virtual subject given its coordinate set

A Motif Unique to the Human Dead-Box Protein DDX3 Is Important for Nucleic Acid Binding, ATP Hydrolysis, RNA/DNA Unwinding and HIV-1 Replication

DEAD-box proteins are enzymes endowed with nucleic acid-dependent ATPase, RNA translocase and unwinding activities. The human DEAD-box protein DDX3 has been shown to play important roles in tumor proliferation and viral infections. In particular, DDX3 has been identified as an essential cofactor for HIV-1 replication. Here we characterized a set of DDX3 mutants biochemically with respect to nucleic acid binding, ATPase and helicase activity. In particular, we addressed the functional role of a unique insertion between motifs I and Ia of DDX3 and provide evidence for its implication in nucleic acid binding and HIV-1 replication. We show that human DDX3 lacking this domain binds HIV-1 RNA with lower affinity. Furthermore, a specific peptide ligand for this insertion selected by phage display interferes with HIV-1 replication after transduction into HelaP4 cells. Besides broadening our understanding of the structure-function relationships of this important protein, our results identify a specific domain of DDX3 which may be suited as target for antiviral drugs designed to inhibit cellular cofactors for HIV-1 replication

Lysozyme transgenic goats’ milk positively impacts intestinal cytokine expression and morphology

In addition to its well-recognized antimicrobial properties, lysozyme can also modulate the inflammatory response. This ability may be particularly important in the gastrointestinal tract where inappropriate inflammatory reactions can damage the intestinal epithelium, leading to significant health problems. The consumption of milk from transgenic goats producing human lysozyme (hLZ) in their milk therefore has the potential to positively impact intestinal health. In order to investigate the effect of hLZ-containing milk on the inflammatory response, young pigs were fed pasteurized milk from hLZ or non-transgenic control goats and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess local expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-β1 in the small intestine. Histological changes were also investigated, specifically looking at villi width, length, crypt depth, and lamina propria thickness along with cell counts for intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells. Significantly higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 was seen in the ileum of pigs fed pasteurized milk containing hLZ (P = 0.0478), along with an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.0255), and decrease in lamina propria thickness in the duodenum (P = 0.0001). Based on these results we conclude that consuming pasteurized milk containing hLZ does not induce an inflammatory response and improves the health of the small intestine in pigs

Optimisation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe urg1 expression system

The ability to study protein function in vivo often relies on systems that regulate the presence and absence of the protein of interest. Two limitations for previously described transcriptional control systems that are used to regulate protein expression in fission yeast are: the time taken for inducing conditions to initiate transcription and the ability to achieve very low basal transcription in the "OFF-state". In previous work, we described a Cre recombination-mediated system that allows the rapid and efficient regulation of any gene of interest by the urg1 promoter, which has a dynamic range of approximately 75-fold and which is induced within 30-60 minutes of uracil addition. In this report we describe easy-to-use and versatile modules that can be exploited to significantly tune down P urg1 "OFF-levels" while maintaining an equivalent dynamic range. We also provide plasmids and tools for combining P urg1 transcriptional control with the auxin degron tag to help maintain a null-like phenotype. We demonstrate the utility of this system by improved regulation of HO-dependent site-specific DSB formation, by the regulation Rtf1-dependent replication fork arrest and by controlling Rhp18(Rad18)-dependent post replication repair

How large dimension guarantees a given angle

Abstract We study the following two problems: (1) Given n ≥ 2 and α, how large Hausdorff dimension can a compact set A ⊂ R n have if A does not contain three points that form an angle α? (2) Given α and δ, how large Hausdorff dimension can a compact subset A of a Euclidean space have if A does not contain three points that form an angle in the δ-neighborhood of α? Some angles (0, 60 • ) turn out to behave differently than other α ∈ [0, 180 • ]

Lakeside Cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 Years of Holocene Population and Environmental Change

Background: Approximately two hundred human burials were discovered on the edge of a paleolake in Niger that providea uniquely preserved record of human occupation in the Sahara during the Holocene (,8000 B.C.E. to the present). CalledGobero, this suite of closely spaced sites chronicles the rapid pace of biosocial change in the southern Sahara in response tosevere climatic fluctuation.Methodology/Principal Findings: Two main occupational phases are identified that correspond with humid intervals in theearly and mid-Holocene, based on 78 direct AMS radiocarbon dates on human remains, fauna and artifacts, as well as 9 OSLdates on paleodune sand. The older occupants have craniofacial dimensions that demonstrate similarities with mid-Holocene occupants of the southern Sahara and Late Pleistocene to early Holocene inhabitants of the Maghreb. Theirhyperflexed burials compose the earliest cemetery in the Sahara dating to ,7500 B.C.E. These early occupants abandon thearea under arid conditions and, when humid conditions return ,4600 B.C.E., are replaced by a more gracile people withelaborated grave goods including animal bone and ivory ornaments.Conclusions/Significance: The principal significance of Gobero lies in its extraordinary human, faunal, and archaeologicalrecord, from which we conclude the following:(1) The early Holocene occupants at Gobero (7700–6200 B.C.E.) were largely sedentary hunter-fisher-gatherers withlakeside funerary sites that include the earliest recorded cemetery in the Sahara.(2) Principal components analysis of craniometric variables closely allies the early Holocene occupants at Gobero with askeletally robust, trans-Saharan assemblage of Late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene human populations from the Maghreband southern Sahara.(3) Gobero was abandoned during a period of severe aridification possibly as long as one millennium (6200–5200 B.C.E).(4) More gracile humans arrived in the mid-Holocene (5200–2500 B.C.E.) employing a diversified subsistence economybased on clams, fish, and savanna vertebrates as well as some cattle husbandry.(5) Population replacement after a harsh arid hiatus is the most likely explanation for the occupational sequence at Gobero.(6) We are just beginnin