Effects of the structure and composition of pheromone plumes on the response of the male almond moth, Cadra cautella.

The influence of the completeness of the blend and quantity of female produced pheromone on the response of male Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) was investigated. The threshold concentrations for initiation of pheromone-mediated behaviors are set solely by (Z,E)-9,12-Tetradecadienyl Acetate (the major component), but the presence of (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl Acetate (the minor component) at concentration levels above threshold increased the proportion of males engaging in intermediate and late in-the-sequence behaviors. The organization of male response to pheromone in C. cautella is in accordance with the component hypothesis. Investigation of the effects of blend and concentration of pheromone upwind flight orientation of C. cautella males demonstrated that males fly directly upwind not only to the blend that mimics the female gland extract, but also to an array of wrong or sub-optimal pheromone blends. The structure of the pheromone plume influences the flight pattern of C. cautella males flying to the complete blend at optimal dosages. Increase in plume size resulted in faster ground velocities, lower turning frequency, narrower turns, and reduced track angles. In short, increasing plume size results in faster and more direct upwind flight. Although changes in pheromone concentration had discernible effects on male upwind flight, concentration effects were smaller than the effects related to changes in plume shape. The internal structure among the plumes was manipulated to produce pulses of pheromone in turbulent plumes and no pulses in the homogeneous filament plume. When filamentous pheromone plumes were marked with smoke, in wind tunnel situations, we were able to monitor C. cautella males changing their inflight maneuvers in response to encounters with pheromone plumes. We explored two features determining the internal structure of the plume, the volume of continuous plumes, and the interval between several pulse durations. Males fly faster and straighter to intermittent pheromone plumes consisting of large puffs pulsed at high frequency. When pheromone puffs were delivered at low frequencies, moths responded to individual pulses by locking on and flying upwind after contact. The basis of the in flight pheromone-mediated behavior might be the individual responses to single pulses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.

Os desafios para o controle da mosca sul americana.

bitstream/item/82809/1/MAFRA-NETO-Agapomi-n228p10-2013.pd

Evaluation of semiochemical based push-pull strategy for population suppression of ambrosia beetle vectors of laurel wilt disease in avocado.

Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) bore into tree xylem to complete their life cycle, feeding on symbiotic fungi. Ambrosia beetles are a threat to avocado where they have been found to vector a symbiotic fungus, Raffaelea lauricola, the causal agent of the laurel wilt disease. We assessed the repellency of methyl salicylate and verbenone to two putative laurel wilt vectors in avocado, Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius) and Xyleborus bispinatus (Eichhoff), under laboratory conditions. Then, we tested the same two chemicals released from SPLAT flowable matrix with and without low-dose ethanol dispensers for manipulation of ambrosia beetle populations occurring in commercial avocado. The potential active space of repellents was assessed by quantifying beetle catch on traps placed 'close' (~5-10 cm) and 'far' (~1-1.5 m) away from repellent dispensers. Ambrosia beetles collected on traps associated with all in-field treatments were identified to species to assess beetle diversity and community variation. Xyleborus volvulus was not repelled by methyl salicylate (MeSA) or verbenone in laboratory assays, while X. bispinatus was repelled by MeSA but not verbenone. Ambrosia beetle trap catches were reduced in the field more when plots were treated with verbenone dispensers (SPLAT) co-deployed with low-dose ethanol dispensers than when treated with verbenone alone. Beetle diversity was highest on traps deployed with low-dose ethanol lures. The repellent treatments and ethanol lures significantly altered the species composition of beetles captured in experiment plots. Our results indicate that verbenone co-deployed with ethanol lures holds potential for manipulating ambrosia beetle vectors via push-pull management in avocado. This tactic could discourage immigration and/or population establishment of ambrosia beetles in commercial avocado and function as an additional tool for management programs of laurel wilt

Qualidade de Vida e Atitudes dos Idosos Face à Velhice

A problemática do envelhecimento tem assumido, nos últimos anos, uma crescente importância na consciência coletiva da população, tornando-se cada vez mais importante compreender a população idosa e a sua realidade. Posto isto, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo e correlacional, que teve como objectivo avaliar a qualidade de vida e atitudes face à velhice de idosos, bem como a relação entre estas e as variáveis sociodemográficas e familiares. Foram inquiridos 100 idosos, com mais de 65 anos e sem deficit cognitivo . Para a recolha de dados utilizou-se uma entrevista estruturada, constituída dados sóciodemográficos do idoso, WHOQOL-AGE (Caballero, Miret, Power, Chatterji, Tobiasz-Adamczyk, Koskinen, Leonardi, Olaya, Haro &Ayuso-Mateos, 2013) e o AAQ ( Laidlaw, Power, Schmidt and the WHOQOL-OLD Group, 2007). Dos resultados destacamos os seguintes: A amostra é constituída por 52% de idosos do sexo masculino tendo uma média de idades de 74,7 (DP=6,8). È no fator Perdas Psicossociais e no Desenvolvimento Psicológico que os idosos têm uma melhor atitude face ao envelhecimento. É no item “Tem dinheiro suficiente para satisfazer as suas necessidades?” que os idosos apresentam uma menor qualidade de vida. Não ter doença diagnosticada e ser do sexo masculino permitem ter melhores atitudes face ao envelhecimento. A Qualidade de Vida está relacionada com a idade, com o estado de saúde e com a intensidade de preocupação da família. Constatou-se que os idosos que não estão institucionalizados apresentam uma melhor qualidade de vida e uma melhor atitude face à velhice. Quem não precisa de ajudas técnicas para se movimentar apresenta uma melhor qualidade de vida. Diferenças nas atitudes face ao envelhecimento consoante a residência onde habita são significativas nas mudanças físicas e no desenvolvimento psicológico sendo que os idosos que não vivem em lares têm uma atitude mais positiva em ambos os fatores. / Over the past few years the issue of aging has played a growing importance in the population`s collective consciousness becoming increasingly important to understand the elderly population and this reality. Therefore a quantitative correlational study was performed to assess the quality of life of seniors and their attitudes towards old age, and the relationship between these and the socio-demographic and family factors. 100 seniors with more than 65 years and without cognitive deficit were surveyed. For data collection we used a structured interview consisting of sociodemographic data of the elderly, WHOQOL-AGE (Caballero Miret Power Chatterji Tobiasz-Adamczyk Koskinen Leonardi Olaya Ayuso-Mateos & Haro 2013) and AAQ (Laidlaw Power Schmidt and the WHOQOL-OLD Group 2007). We highlight: The sample is composed of 52% of males with a mean age of 74.7 (SD = 6.8). It is in the factor Psychosocial Losses and Psychological Development that elderly people have a better attitude towards aging. It is in the item "Do you have enough money to meet your needs?" that seniors show less quality of life. Not having illness and being male allows having better attitudes towards aging. Quality of Life is related to age, health condition and the intensity of family concerns. It was observed that the elderly who are not institutionalized have a better quality of life and a better attitude towards old age. Who does not need assistive devices to move around has a better quality of life. Differences in attitudes towards aging, according to residency, are significant in physical changes and psychological development, thus verifying that elderly who do not live in nursing homes have a more positive attitude in both factors

Observation of the Kohn anomaly near the K point of bilayer graphene

The dispersion of electrons and phonons near the K point of bilayer graphene was investigated in a resonant Raman study using different laser excitation energies in the near infrared and visible range. The electronic structure was analyzed within the tight-binding approximation, and the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure (SWM) parameters were obtained from the analysis of the dispersive behavior of the Raman features. A softening of the phonon branches was observed near the K point, and results evidence the Kohn anomaly and the importance of considering electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions to correctly describe the phonon dispersion in graphene systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Laboratory evaluation of the effects of Attract & Kill formulations on Anastrepha Fraterculus.

A new atract & kill (A&K) formulation was dcveloped by ISCA Tccnologias to control fruit flies, In laboratory tests, we compared the efficacy of this new formulation with three cornrnercial products used by fruit growers in southern Brazil. Mortality tests were performed with Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephntidae) and results showed that the effecuveness of Anarosa forrnulations was directly proportional to increasing dose of insecticide. Formulations containing organophosphates and cypennethrin produced similar mortality results. The Anarosa formulations, regardless of the insecticide dose, were more effective than GF 120 for A, fraterculus control.Resumo

Feromônios sexuais no manejo de insetos-praga na fruticultura de clima temperado.

bitstream/item/95271/1/Feromonios-ULTIMA-VERSAO-08-07-2013.pdf; bitstream/item/95273/1/Capa-Feromonios.pd

Guarda Compartilhada: Entre o Superior Interesse da Criança e as Responsabilidades Parentais

This article proposes to examine the application of joint custody in Brazil, based on the analysis of the contemporary model for allocating parental responsibilities. The premise of the study is that the affirmation of the best interests of the child and adolescent determines the adoption of criteria to ensure children and adolescents the developing in healthy family environment. In order to enable an understanding of the consequences of the choice of joint custody model were used sociological and historical elements. In developing this work were also analyzed judicial precedentes. The conclusion is that joint custody corresponds to the model that best meets the interest of children but may be rejected if this interest is not met under the circumstances of the case.O presente artigo propõe a análise da aplicação da guarda compartilhada no Brasil, a partir da análise do modelo contemporâneo de atribuição de responsabilidades parentais. A premissa do trabalho é de que a afirmação do superior interesse da criança e adolescente determina a fixação de critérios de convivência familiar que garantam às crianças e adolescentes o desenvolvimento em ambiente familiar saudável. Para tanto, foram utilizados elementos sociológicos e históricos, de modo a possibilitar a compreensão das consequências da opção pelo  modelo  de  guarda  compartilhada.  Por  fim,  por  meio  da  análise  da  elementos jurisprudenciais procurou-se destacar elementos concretos que devem ser enfrentados pela preferência  legislativa  pela  guarda  compartilhada.  A  conclusão  é  de  que  a  guarda compartilhada  corresponde  ao  modelo  que  melhor  atende  aos  interesses  das  crianças, podendo, diante das circunstâncias do caso concreto apuradas sob o devido processo legal, ser afastada se este interesse não for atendido