The relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Fear of hypoglycemia is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving proper blood glucose control in diabetic patients, adversely affecting the proper treatment of diabetes and quality of life in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive analytic-correlational study, conducted in 2018 on 360 patients with 2 diabetes referreing to the Velayat teaching hospital in Ghazvin. Data collection tools included a personal-social checklist, the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) and information on Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL). Data collected were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test statistics by SPSS.24 software. Results: Mean scores of quality of life and fear of hypoglycemia were 44.3±8.6 and 22.07±8.7 respectively. The highest quality of life score for patients in the pill treatment group was 46.4±7.8, and the highest scores of hypoglycemia were in the insulin treatment group with a mean of 26.1±10.5. In this study, there was a significant, inverse relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life (r=-0.46, p<0.001). Conclusion: Results show a significant, inverse relationship between fear of hypoglycemia and quality of life in diabetic patients, such that the occurrence of this fear is higher in patients treated with insulin. Based on results, it is recommended that these patients should be educated on the action of insulin and its mode of injection, and on how to prioritize and manage their activities

The effect of blood on apical microleakage of Epiphany and AH26: An in vitro study

INTRODUCTION: Blood contamination of the canal during preparation can be a major problem in endodontics; this may result in apical microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of blood on apical microleakage of a resin-based root canal sealer (AH26) and a polymer-based root canal sealer (Epiphany).MATERIALS & METHODS: In this experimental study, 50 decoronated central incisors and canine teeth were prepared by RaCe rotary system and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Groups A1 and A2 were obturated by Epiphany/Resilon and AH26/Gutta-percha, respectively. The obturations were performed with a single cone technique after drying root canals. In B1 and B2 groups, the test groups, 0.02cc citrated human blood was injected into dried root canals and they were obturated in the same manner. Ten specimens were served as positive and negative controls (n=5).The apical leakage was measured by means of a computerized fluid filtration method after 1 day and 3 weeks. The data was analyzed by One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent Sample t-test and univariate analysis. Statistical significances were preset at α=0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in apical microleakage of the two sealers after 1 day and 3 weeks in dry and blood environment (P>0.05). Sealer and environment had no interaction (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Blood contamination has no significant effect on the apical microleakage of Epiphny and AH26