Comissão Mista Luso-Alemã: o nascimento, relevância e influência nas relações bilaterais entre Portugal e a República Federal Alemã no sector da defesa nacional

A presente dissertação tem como finalidade centrar-se nas relações bilaterais e na cooperação militar entre Portugal e a República Federal Alemã, durante o período entre 1963 e 1974. Pretende-se analisar o contexto do surgimento da Comissão Mista Luso-Alemã, os propósitos intrínsecos à referida entidade, a estrutura organizacional adoptada e as repercussões da colaboração entre os dois estados. Sublinhe-se ainda, a relevância da Comissão Mista na implantação e manutenção de infraestruturas em Portugal.The present dissertation aims to focus on bilateral relations and military cooperation be-tween Portugal and the Federal Republic, during the period between 1963 and 1974. It is intended to analyse the context of the emergence of the Joint Luso-German Commission, the intrinsic purposes of the entity, the organizational structure adopted and the repercus-sions of the collaboration between the two states. The importance of the Joint Commis-sion in the implementation and maintenance of infrastructures in Portugal should be un-derlined

Doença estreptocócica invasiva em cuidados intensivos pediátricos

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2017Introdução: A incidência da doença invasiva a Streptococcus do grupo A (DSI) aumentou na Europa e América do Norte a partir das últimas décadas do século passado, tanto em adultos como crianças, com elevada morbilidade e mortalidade associadas. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência e características clínicas da DSI em crianças hospitalizadas em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Métodos: Estudo descritivo de casos ocorridos entre 1 de janeiro de 2007 e 31 de dezembro de 2016 na UCI Pediátricos do Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM). Foram analisados dados demográficos, antecedentes pessoais, achados clínicos e laboratoriais, intervenções terapêuticas e evolução dos doentes durante o internamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 18 casos de DSI em 17 doentes (um doente apresentou dois episódios temporalmente distintos), sendo as entidades clínicas mais comuns a pneumonia (11 casos) e a Síndrome de Choque Tóxico Estreptocócico (STSS) (9). A mediana de idades foi de 2,5 anos, não se tendo verificado significativa prevalência de género. Em seis casos foram identificados fatores de risco/infeções concomitantes. Todos os doentes foram medicados com associação de um β-lactâmico e clindamicina e em 9 foi administrada imunoglobulina endovenosa. Dois casos foram alvo de intervenção cirúrgica. Sete doentes tiveram falência de dois ou mais órgãos, tendo sido instituído suporte inotrópico em 7, ventilação invasiva em 4, substituição renal em 1; um doente necessitou de suporte de oxigenação por membrana extracorporal (ECMO). Não se registaram óbitos. Conclusões: O presente estudo é ilustrativo da potencial gravidade da DSI, com necessidade de diagnóstico e intervenção precoces e medidas avançadas de suporte de órgão, que contribuíram para a ausência de mortalidade. É necessária a criação de um registo nacional para avaliar a atual epidemiologia da doença. A ausência de sequenciação do gene emm não permitiu inferir acerca das estirpes bacterianas envolvidas.Introduction: The incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease has increased in Europe and North America in the late 20th century, both in adults and children, with high morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the incidence and clinical characteristics of invasive GAS disease in hospitalized children in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Descriptive study of invasive GAS cases admitted to Hospital de Santa Maria’s paediatric ICU between January 1st, 2007 and December 31st, 2016. We reviewed demographic features, clinical and laboratorial records, treatment and patient course during the hospital admission. Results: Eighteen cases of SID were included, in 17 different patients (one with two temporarily distinct episodes), and the most common clinical presentations were pneumoniae (11 cases) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) (9). The median age was 2,5 years, with no significant gender prevalence. Six cases had risk factors/concomitant infections. All patients were treated with the combination of one β- lactam agent and clindamycin, nine received intravenous immunoglobulin and two had surgery. Seven patients had multiorgan dysfunction. Inotropic support was used in 7 cases, mechanical ventilation in 4, renal replacement therapy in one; one patient required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. All patients survived. Conclusions: As shown in this study, the severity of invasive GAS disease demands early diagnosis and intervention and the availability of multi-organ support that allows for improved survival. The creation of national database for this illness is required to evaluate its current epidemiology. The absence of emm typing precluded the determination of the bacterial strains envolved

notes on the present distribution and conservation of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

UIDB/04038/2020 UIDP/04038/2020The West-African sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) is threatened by habitat loss, hunting for meat consumption, and mortality during crop-foraging events. The species’ overall demographic trend is unknown. Presence and distribution in Guinea-Bissau, a country neighbored by Senegal and Republic of Guinea, was confirmed in 1946 but the species was declared extinct in 1989 and not observed in subsequent countrywide expeditions. Narratives of its presence across southern Guinea-Bissau are scattered in reports and occurrence in the eastern part was reported in 2017, but the limits of its distribution are currently unknown. Here, we present recent geo-referenced visual and molecular-based records of the sooty mangabey for three protected areas in southern Guinea-Bissau collected as part of a region-wide survey. Individuals were observed in Cufada Lagoons Natural Park (2015) and Dulombi National Park (NP) (2016) and photographed in Boé NP (2007, 2015 and 2020). Thirty-six samples collected in Boé NP (2017) were identified as sooty mangabey using a 402 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Our work suggests a wider distribution in Guinea-Bissau than previously described, augments knowledge of the populations’ current habitat use and threats, and has implications for efforts to conserve the species in West Africa. Considering the sooty mangabey as the reservoir of the simian immunodeficiency virus that led to the human variant, HIV-2, confirmation that the Guinea-Bissau population is not extinct may lead to a better understanding of early viral jump to humans and consequent epidemic spread, specifically of the HIV-2 Subgroup A. We highlight the need for extra conservation measures by Guinea-Bissau authorities.publishersversionpublishe

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Desarrollo de estrategias metodológicas para mejorar la expresión oral en los niños y niñas de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “El Quinual”, Cachachi, Cajabamba, 2016

La expresión oral es una capacidad que nos permite comunicarnos con personas de nuestro entorno en un determinado idioma, esta se desarrolla con satisfacción siempre y cuando lo dominemos fluidamente, caso contrario, no podremos entablar una buena comunicación con los demás. En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló estrategias metodológicas para mejorar la capacidad de la expresión oral en niños y niñas de cinco años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “El Quinual” de Cachachi - Cajabamba, año 2016; donde para su elaboración, se evaluó el nivel de rendimiento en dicha capacidad encontrando deficientes resultados, lo cual fue preocupante y se optó por aplicar dichas estrategias. A través de la investigación acción realizada, se pudo mejorar el nivel de empleo de nuevos léxicos, narración de creaciones literarias, la pronunciación y fluidez en diversos diálogos, la descripción de láminas y objetos y por último la explicación de los procesos de fenómenos ocurridos, ya que se utilizaron instrumentos de recolección de datos para un mejor tratamiento en este trabajo de investigación. El diseño de la investigación utilizada es el pre – test y post – test, con un solo grupo, cuyos resultados se evidencian a través de tablas, tal como lo recomienda las normas estadísticas. A través de la investigación realizada con 5 niños y niñas de la I.E.I. se ha logrado incrementar el nivel de la expresión oral, gracias a la aplicación de las estrategias metodológicas; cuyos resultados se han obtenido a través de la aplicación de las pruebas de evaluación. Según los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, se propone utilizar las estrategias metodológicas y se representan por un porcentaje de nivel INICIO (20 %), nivel PROCESO (30 %) y en nivel LOGRO (50 %). En conclusión podemos decir que dichas estrategias han influido significativamente en el desarrollo del nivel de la Expresión Oral en los niños y niñas de cinco años, el promedio del pre test, el nivel de INICIO (75 %), nivel PROCESO (25 %) y en nivel LOGRO (0 %), con el post test del nivel de INICIO (20 %), nivel PROCESO (30 %) y el nivel LOGRO (50 %) y que a la vez tienen efectos significativos en el mejoramiento educativo, por ende en el desarrollo de la educación, quedando así demostrado su aplicación.Trabajo de investigacio

Desarrollo de estrategias metodológicas para mejorar la expresión oral en los niños y niñas de 5 años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “El Quinual”, Cachachi, Cajabamba, 2016

La expresión oral es una capacidad que nos permite comunicarnos con personas de nuestro entorno en un determinado idioma, esta se desarrolla con satisfacción siempre y cuando lo dominemos fluidamente, caso contrario, no podremos entablar una buena comunicación con los demás. En el presente trabajo de investigación se desarrolló estrategias metodológicas para mejorar la capacidad de la expresión oral en niños y niñas de cinco años de la Institución Educativa Inicial “El Quinual” de Cachachi - Cajabamba, año 2016; donde para su elaboración, se evaluó el nivel de rendimiento en dicha capacidad encontrando deficientes resultados, lo cual fue preocupante y se optó por aplicar dichas estrategias. A través de la investigación acción realizada, se pudo mejorar el nivel de empleo de nuevos léxicos, narración de creaciones literarias, la pronunciación y fluidez en diversos diálogos, la descripción de láminas y objetos y por último la explicación de los procesos de fenómenos ocurridos, ya que se utilizaron instrumentos de recolección de datos para un mejor tratamiento en este trabajo de investigación. El diseño de la investigación utilizada es el pre – test y post – test, con un solo grupo, cuyos resultados se evidencian a través de tablas, tal como lo recomienda las normas estadísticas. A través de la investigación realizada con 5 niños y niñas de la I.E.I. se ha logrado incrementar el nivel de la expresión oral, gracias a la aplicación de las estrategias metodológicas; cuyos resultados se han obtenido a través de la aplicación de las pruebas de evaluación. Según los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, se propone utilizar las estrategias metodológicas y se representan por un porcentaje de nivel INICIO (20 %), nivel PROCESO (30 %) y en nivel LOGRO (50 %). En conclusión podemos decir que dichas estrategias han influido significativamente en el desarrollo del nivel de la Expresión Oral en los niños y niñas de cinco años, el promedio del pre test, el nivel de INICIO (75 %), nivel PROCESO (25 %) y en nivel LOGRO (0 %), con el post test del nivel de INICIO (20 %), nivel PROCESO (30 %) y el nivel LOGRO (50 %) y que a la vez tienen efectos significativos en el mejoramiento educativo, por ende en el desarrollo de la educación, quedando así demostrado su aplicación.Trabajo de investigacio

Stereology in Grading and Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) are currently graded according to Patnaik and Kiupel grading schemes. The qualitative and semiquantitative parameters applied in these schemes may lead to inter- and intraobserver variability. This study investigates the prognostic value of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume (vv ), a stereological estimation that provides information about nuclear size and its variability. vv of 55 ccMCTs was estimated using the “point-sampled intercept” method and compared with histological grade and clinical outcome. The clinical history of dogs treated with surgical excision alone was available for 30 ccMCTs. Statistical differences in vv were found between grade II (x¼ 115 + 29 mm3) and grade III ccMCTs (x¼ 197 + 63 mm3), as well as between low-grade (x¼ 113 + 28 mm3) and high-grade ccMCTs (x¼ 184 + 63 mm3). An optimal cutoff value of vv 150 mm3 and vv 140 mm3 was determined for grade III and high-grade ccMCTs, respectively. In terms of prognosis, vv was not able to predict the clinical outcome in 42% of the cases; however, cases with vv <125 mm3 had a favorable outcome. These results indicate that, despite having limited prognostic value when used as a solitary parameter, vv is highly reproducible and is associated with histological grade as well as with benign behavior

Circulation of Nor98 Atypical Scrapie in Portuguese Sheep Confirmed by Transmission of Isolates into Transgenic Ovine ARQ-PrP Mice

Portugal was among the first European countries to report cases of Atypical Scrapie (ASc), the dominant form of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) in Portuguese small ruminants. Although the diagnostic phenotypes observed in Portuguese ASc cases seem identical to those described for Nor98, unequivocal identification requires TSE strain-typing using murine bioassays. In this regard, we initiated characterization of ASc isolates from sheep either homozygous for the ARQ genotype or the classical scrapie-resistant ARR genotype. Isolates from such genotypes were transmitted to TgshpXI mice expressing ovine PrPARQ. Mean incubation periods were 414 ± 58 and 483 ± 107 days in mice inoculated with AL141RQ/AF141RQ and AL141RR/AL141RR sheep isolates, respectively. Both isolates produced lesion profiles similar to French ASc Nor98 ‘discordant cases’, where vacuolation was observed in the hippocampus (G6), cerebral cortex at the thalamus (G8) level, cerebellar white matter (W1) and cerebral peduncles (W3). Immunohistochemical PrPSc deposition was observed in the hippocampus, cerebellar cortex, cerebellar white matter and cerebral peduncles in the form of aggregates and fine granules. These findings were consistent with previously reported cases of ASc Nor98 transmitted to transgenic TgshpXI mice, confirming that the ASc strain present in Portuguese sheep corresponds to ASc Nor98