Change in carbon nanofiber resistance from ambient to vacuum

The electrical properties of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can be affected by adsorbed gas species. In this study, we compare the resistance values of CNF devices in a horizontal configuration in air and under vacuum. CNFs in air are observed to possess lower current capacities compared to those in vacuum. Further, Joule heating due to current stressing can result in desorption of gas molecules responsible for carrier trapping, leading to lower resistances and higher breakdown currents in vacuum, where most adsorbed gaseous species are evacuated before any significant re-adsorption can occur. A model is proposed to describe these observations, and is used to estimate the number of adsorbed molecules on a CNF device

Workplace trauma among Nurses : effectiveness of psychological intervention

現在,看護職員は,患者からの身体的暴力,暴言,セクシュアル・ハラスメント等の行為によって深刻な心的外傷反応を呈している.暴力等出来事を契機として精神的不健康に陥り適切なケアや周りの理解も得られないままバーンアウト状態となり離職をしていく者が少なからず存在する.本邦においては,それら暴力程度についての報告や暴力等に対しての組織としての防止策や対応策についての報告は見られるが,暴力等発生後の職員の心のケアまでを含んだ具体的報告はほとんどない.今やこの暴力等後の心のケアは,看護職員において,また病院等組織にとって重要な課題といえる.今回は,積極的に暴力対策を行っている機関の視察を行い,そこから見いだされる本邦においてあるべき心のケア体制とその課題について考察した.暴力等行為が発生した後の心のケアとしては,適切な報告システムの充実,また暴力等を受けた当事者が気軽に相談できる窓口,また暴力等が起こった後の周囲の影響に対して組織としてどのように集団介入するか,といった点の検討が重要であることが明らかになった.また,心的外傷の程度が深刻な際には専門職のケアが必要となるが,同時に,同職種のピアサポートが重要であると考えられた

UNIFORM-1: First Micro-Satellite of Forest Fire Monitoring Constellation Project

UNIFORM Project had started in November 2010 with its vision of constructing sustainable micro-satellite constellation system via cooperation with various countries. International collaboration and actual utilization of the system are the keys of the project for realizing sustainable space industry. Forest fire monitoring was selected as the first mission. UNIFORM-1 is the first micro-satellite, weighing 50kg with 50cm cubic size, in this project and launched on May 24th, 2014 by H-IIA rocket as a secondary payload. UNIFORM-1 carries two cameras of area sensor: uncooled microbolometer camera and visible light camera. Both have GSD of less than 200[m] and swath is about 100km. These two cameras are used for localization of heat anomaly spots. The acquired image will be overlaid on global map to generate a “forest fire map” which will be released so that local fire department of the concerning country can take action promptly and extinguish forest fire. Other key features of this satellite are following: 3-axis control with reaction wheels, deployable solar array panel wings, lithium ion battery, and 10Mbps X-band transmitter for mission data. Design and test result of UNIFORM-1 flight model is explained in detail in this paper. As the result of initial operation of five days after launch, image of infrared camera was successfully acquired

Change in carbon nanofiber resistance from ambient to vacuum

The electrical properties of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can be affected by adsorbed gas species. In this study, we compare the resistance values of CNF devices in a horizontal configuration in air and under vacuum. CNFs in air are observed to possess lower current capacities compared to those in vacuum. Further, Joule heating due to current stressing can result in desorption of gas molecules responsible for carrier trapping, leading to lower resistances and higher breakdown currents in vacuum, where most adsorbed gaseous species are evacuated before any significant re-adsorption can occur. A model is proposed to describe these observations, and is used to estimate the number of adsorbed molecules on a CNF device

Additional file 1 of Mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation with Carpentier’s functional classification type II in elderly patients: a single center experience

Additional file 1: Surgical approach

Biomechanical effects of hyper-dynamic cerebrospinal fluid flow through the cerebral aqueduct in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an intracranial disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in brain ventricles within the normal range of intracranial pressure. Most NPH in aged patients is idiopathic (iNPH) and without any prior history of intracranial diseases. Although an abnormal increase of CSF stroke volume (hyper-dynamic CSF flow) in the aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles has received much attention as a clinical evaluation index in iNPH patients, the biomechanical effects of this flow on iNPH pathophysiology are poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the potential biomechanical effects of hyper-dynamic CSF flow through the aqueduct of iNPH patients using magnetic resonance imaging-based computational simulations. Ventricular geometries and CSF flow rates through aqueducts of 10 iNPH patients and 10 healthy control subjects were obtained from multimodal magnetic resonance images, and these CSF flow fields were simulated using computational fluid dynamics. As biomechanical factors, we evaluated wall shear stress on the ventricular wall and the extent of flow mixing, which potentially disturbs the CSF composition in each ventricle. The results showed that the relatively high CSF flow rate and large and irregular shapes of the aqueduct in iNPH resulted in large wall shear stresses localized in relatively narrow regions. Furthermore, the resulting CSF flow showed a stable cyclic motion in control subjects, whereas strong mixing during transport through the aqueduct was found in patients with iNPH. These findings provide further insights into the clinical and biomechanical correlates of NPH pathophysiology.Maeda S., Otani T., Yamada S., et al. Biomechanical effects of hyper-dynamic cerebrospinal fluid flow through the cerebral aqueduct in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Journal of Biomechanics 156, 111671 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111671

Electron-beam and ion-beam-induced deposited tungsten contacts for carbon nanofiber interconnects

Ion-beam-induced deposition (IBID) and electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) with tungsten (W) are evaluated for engineering electrical contacts with carbon nanofibers (CNFs). While a different tungsten-containing precursor gas is utilized for each technique, the resulting tungsten deposits result in significant contact resistance reduction. The performance of CNF devices with W contacts is examined and conduction across these contacts is analyzed. IBID-W, while yielding lower contact resistance than EBID-W, can be problematic in the presence of on-chip semiconducting devices, whereas EBID-W provides substantial contact resistance reduction that can be further improved by current stressing. Significant differences between IBID-W and EBID-W are observed at the electrode contact interfaces using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These differences are consistent with the observed electrical behaviors of their respective test devices