The effects of brood stock size on the economy of catfish (Clarias anguillaris) fry production using the hormone induced natural breeding technique

89 ripe female brooders of the catfish, Clarias anguillaris (Body wt. Range 150g-1, 200g) were induced to spawn by hormone (Ovaprim) induced natural spawning technique over a period of 10 weeks. Matching ripe males were used for pairing the females at the ratio of two males to a female. Six ranges of brood stock body weights were considered as follows; 1000g and the number of fry produced by each female brooder was scored/recorded against the corresponding body weight range. The number of fry per unit quantity of hormone and the cost of production a fry based on the current price of Ovaprim (hormon) were determined so as to ascertain most economic size range. The best and most economic size range was between 400g-599g body weight with about 20,000 fry per ml of hormone and N0.028 per fry, while the females above 1000g gave the poorest results of 9,519 fry per ml of hormone and N0.059 per fry. For optimum production of Clarias anguillaris fry and maximum return on investment female brooders of body weights ranging between 400g-599g are recommended for hormone induced natural breeding exercise

A preliminary investigation into the effects of a sex-reversal androgen, methyltestosterone, on food utilization and growth of Sarotherodon niloticus (L) fry

Three groups of Sarotherodon niloticus fry were fed for 8 weeks on diets either treated with 17- & methyltestosterone (MT), alcohol (CA), or untreated (CO). Growth rate and food utilization in the different groups were compared. Results indicate that the best growth, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Mean Growth Rate (MGR) were obtained with the MT diet. There was no significant difference (P 0.05) in growth and food utilization of the CA and CO fry, nor in the mortality rate of the 3 treatments. The androgen, methyltestosterone promotes growth and protein anabolism without producing toxic effects in S. niloticu

Commercial production of Clarias fry and fingerlings in indoor and outdoor concrete tank systems

Induced breeding technique by hypophysation is being applied at the Kainji Lake Research Institute Fisheries Division Hatchery complex in New Bussa, Nigeria, for the production of Clarias fry and fingerlings in indoor and outdoor concrete tank systems. The hatchlings are fed on livefood (zooplankton) and artificial feed. Source of zooplankton is from cultured stock which is maintained throughout the breeding season by fertilization. Production values show that an average of over 4,000 hatchlings (larvae) can be produced by a female breeder (over-700g wt) and percentage survival after two months ranges between 70 to 75%. With the proposed modification and expansion project, an estimated production of over 0.5 million fingerlings per breeding season is projecte

Comparative growth and survival of fry of Clarias gariepinus (B), Clarias anguillaris (L), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (G), Heteroclarias, Clariabranchus and Clarias hybrids under outdoor nursery management system

Hybrids of Clariid catfishes; C. gariepinus (Netherlands), C. anguillaris, H. bidorsalis and their parental species were monitored for 8 weeks in 2 x 2 x 1m outdoor concrete tanks. The fry were fed NIFFR diet (40% crude protein) twice daily, 7 days of the week. Growth and survival records were taken weekly. The male HEB X female CLG hybrid showed an overall highest performance in growth rate while the lowest was recorded in male CLA X female CLG hybrid. The male HEB X female CLG hybrid grew at a faster rate than its reciprocal hybrid. In view or their growth rate, it is possible that the growth and survival rates or H. bidorsalis especially at the fry to fingerling stage could be improved through hybridization. The hybrid have potential as commercial food fis

Issues and Challenges Facing The Teaching and Learning of Tvet in The Covid-19 Pandemic Era

This manuscript aims at discussing the issues and challenges facing the teaching and learning of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Next, the manuscript discussed how stakeholders (e.g. governments, parents as well as TVET managers, lecturers and students can seize the opportunity to revamp TVET programme in the post COVID-19 era. Finally, the manuscript discussed the possible ways to overcome the issues and challenges facing TVET programmes in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Consequently, the authors drew logical conclusions on the discussions arising from the subject matter

Empirical Analysis of Determinants of Productivity among Small holder Cassava Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria

The study was carried out in 2008 to investigate the determinants of productivity among small holder cassava farmers. The log linear model derived from the Cobb-Douglas functional form was used to analyze the data which was collected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. About 120 farmers were interviewed using the cost-route approach. The study found out that education, farmers experience, farmer’s organization and extension contact were positive and significant at 1% level. Age of farmers, land size were positive and significant at 5% level. The coefficient of gender was negative and significant at 5% level. The results of the study calls for policies aimed at encouraging experienced female farmers to form farmers group and land allocated to them to increase output and productivity of cassava in the study area.Productivity; Cassava; Log-Linear and Abia State

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP WARNA SEKUNDER PADA ANAK KELOMPOK A TK AISYIYAH BUSTHANUL ATHFAL GULON JEBRES SURAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep warna sekunder melalui penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri pada anak kelompok A TK Aisyiyah Busthanul Athfal Gulon Jebres Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dengan setiap siklus terdiri atas perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelompok A TK Aisyiyah Busthanul Athfal Gulon Jebres Surakarta yang berjumlah 20 siswa yang terdiri dari 9 anak laki-laki dan 11 anak perempuan. Sumber data berasal dari guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan wawancara, dokumentasi, observasi, dan tes (unjuk kerja). Validitas data menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan metode. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif komparatif dan analisis kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep warna sekunder pada anak kelompok A. Ketuntasan pada siklus I sebesar 40% dan siklus II sebesar 85%. Deskripsi penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep warna sekunder pada anak kelompok A adalah sebagai berikut: Simpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep warna sekunder pada anak kelompok A TK Aisyiyah Busthanul Athfal Gulon Jebres Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri, Pemahaman Konsep Warna Sekunde

Sand-Laterite Mixtures for Road Construction (A Laboratory Investigation)

Soil mixtures have been used extensively in developed countries to construct great lengths of road when other materials like cement and lime were not either available, developed or widely used. Developing countries with low per capita income, low cement and lime production, can use the same technique today. Laterite being readily available in many places can be mixed with sand to improve its strength, stability and other properties for this purpose. The paper sets out to investigate the improvements in the relevant properties of six samples of laterites when they are mixed with sand. The six samples are representative of the types of laterites occurring over the eastern parts of Nigeria. In practice, the mode of construction in which sand is used as a stabiliser instead of cement or lime could be used to minimise costs in the construction of roads carrying medium density traffic and in the surfacing of "unimproved roads". The results obtained show that for all types of laterites tested, the addition of sand to laterites has beneficial effects in reducing the liquid limit, the optimum moisture content, the plasticity index, the linear shrinkage and in increasing the maximum dry density and the California Bearing Ratio. There is an optimum sand percentage for maximising most of the parameters measured. This optimum sand percentage is different for each type of laterite and is also dependent on the level of compaction given to the mixture. Comparison of the results obtained with some specifications shows that the improvements obtained are such as would make the sand-laterite mixtures satisfy most specifications for the types of roads mentioned