Hybrids of Clariid catfishes; C. gariepinus (Netherlands), C. anguillaris, H. bidorsalis and their parental species were monitored for 8 weeks in 2 x 2 x 1m outdoor concrete tanks. The fry were fed NIFFR diet (40% crude protein) twice daily, 7 days of the week. Growth and survival records were taken weekly. The male HEB X female CLG hybrid showed an overall highest performance in growth rate while the lowest was recorded in male CLA X female CLG hybrid. The male HEB X female CLG hybrid grew at a faster rate than its reciprocal hybrid. In view or their growth rate, it is possible that the growth and survival rates or H. bidorsalis especially at the fry to fingerling stage could be improved through hybridization. The hybrid have potential as commercial food fis

Dada, A.A.

Eyo, A.A.

Madu, C.T.

English

Aquatic Commons

COIVIPARATIVE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF FRY OF
Clarias gariepinus (B),Clarias anguillaris (L),
Heterobranchus bidorsalis (G)Hreteroclarias,
Clariabranchus AND Chirlas Hybrids
UNDER OUTDO R NURSERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,
AYOKANNII A. DADA AND CHUKA T. IVLADU.
National Institute l'or Freshwater Fisheries Research
P.,1,1B 6006, New BUSSO, Niger State Nigeria
INTRODUCTION
It is an established fact that inadequacy of good
fish quality and fast growing seed rs one of the
major constrain in fish culture in Nigeria today.
The catfish species are very popular with fish
farmers and COUSUIllerS, and commands a very
p,00d commercial value in Nigerian Markets
(Ezenwaji, 1985, Oladosu et. al., 1993. Avinia el,
al.. 1994).
The catfish species are very important to the
sustainabiltity or the aquaculture industry in the
country. However, inspite of the breakthrough
reported for the artificial propagation of the,
African catfish species (Richter and Vander hurk,
1982, Madu et. al., 1987. Madu, 1989) the
demand for the seeds still outstrip the supply.
The increasing population and the desire to obtain
A BSTRACT
Hybrids of Clariid catfishes; C. gariepinus (Netherlands), C. anguillaris, 1-1. hiclorsalis and
their parental species were monitored for 8 weeks in 2 x 2 x lm outdoor concrete tanks. The
fry were fed N1FFR diet (40% crude protein) twice daily, 7 days of the week. Growth and
survival records were .taken weekly. The c3 HEB X CLG hybrid showed an overall highest
performance in growth rate while the lowest was recorded in CLA X ';2 CLG hybrid.
The 6' HEB X 2 CLG hybrid g-rew at a faster rate than its reciprocal hybfid. In view of
their growth rate, it is possible that the growth and survival rates of H. bidorsalis especially
at the fry to fingerling stage could be improved through hybridization. The hybrid have
potential as commercial food fish.
198
nutritionally balanced level of protein intake is the
major cause of demand outstripping supply for
fish in Nigeria.
Considerable interest has been generated in the
potential of catfishes genus elarias for aquaculture
in Nigeria. However, the National institute for
Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa
recently imported Claria.v gariepinus from
Netherlands because of the need for fast growing
fingerlings that will satisfy the culture
requirements of .fish farmers with the belief that
the imported fish have been genetically improved
lo imbibe fast growth traits. The aim of this study
was to compare the growth and survival of
Clarias gariepinu.s' (Netherhmds). C7/arias
anguilllaris, Heterohrancluis bidorsahs and their
hybrid as they grew from fry to fingeding stages
under outdoor nursery management system. This
will therefore serve as an information and records
to fish farmers with the aim to enhance catfish
table size production taking the consumers
preference into consideration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
C/ arias g,ariepirIUS eth erland s), (»arias
anguillaris and Heterobranchus bidorsali.v were
interbred and crossbred at the fish hatchery
complex of the National Institute for Freshwater
Fisheries Research, New Bussa by induced
breeding. Mature catfish females and males were
selected and induced to spawn 1,yith ovaprim
injected intramuscularly in a single dose of
0.5m/kg fish weight. For the hybrid Clarias, male
Clarias gariepinus was crossed with female.
Ciarlas anguillaris and reciprocal. Hatc,hlings of
Heterobranchus hidorsalis, Heierodarias and
Clariahranchus were produced by artificial
propagation (stripping method), while the others
were produced by hormone induced natural
spawning as described by Madu et. al. (1989).
The hybrids and parental species (control)
were transferred to troughs where they were
re.ared according to the procedures used by Madu
et. a/. (1989). They were fe.d ad. libitum with
tooplankton for 21 - days prior to their transferred
to outdoor nursery system..for growth monitoring
to fingerling stage.
Growth trials were performed in duplicate for
each of the parental and hybrid crosse,s in outdoor
concrete tanks of dimension 2 x 2 x 1 cubic
metre. The crosses in each treatment were as
follows
Treatment I:
C. ,;.=ariepinus
Treatment II:
fi bidorsalis
Treatment
C. anguillaris
Treatment IV:
fil hiclorsalis
(in) X C. gariepinus (f)
(ni) X H. Indorsalis (f)
(in) X C. anguillaris (I)
(m) X Cl gariepinus (f)
199
Treatment V:
C. gariepinus (n) X LI. bidorsalis (f)
Treatment VI:
C. gariepinus (ni) X C. anguillaris (t)
Treatment VII:
C. anguillaris ) X C gariepinus cf.)
The depth of the water was constantly been kept
at half of the tank. Fry were stocked in each of
the concrete tanks at density of 500 fish i.e 125
fish/m2. Uniform size fry were used in order to
reduce individual competitive advantages due to
initial size. Fish were feed on NIFFR diet (40%
c.p.) (Table I) twice daily, 7 days of .the week for
8 weeks.
Measurements of the Fish weight and length were
taken weekly to determine weight gain, length
gain, growth rate and revised feeding allowances
based on the total weight of fish. To avoid
sampling error at least 30% of the fish were
weighed and c.ounted weekly. At the end of the
experiment, the total number of fish in each
treatment and percentage survival were
determined.
Sample of water from the concrete tanks was
aria lysed weekly for temperature, dissolved oxygen
and pi-l. The temperature of the water was
monitored with the mercury-in-glass thermometer
while the oxygen content was evaluated by
Winkler's method and the pH by pH meter.
Analysis of variance of growth rate: weight gain,
specific growth rate and average daily weight g,ain
obtained from the studies were subjected to one-
way- analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the
analytical programs available in the statistical
package - EPISTAT.
RESULTS
The results of the mean body weight. mean total
length. specific growth rate (SGR) and average
daily growth (ADG) of catfish; C. gariepinus
(Netherlands). C. anguillaris, H. biclorsalis and
their hybrid fry reared for 8 weeks undt,T outdoor
nursery management system are presented in Table
2. The greatest mean increase in body weight
(2.99g). average daily growth rate (0.06g/day) and
Table 1: Ingredients and ,Proximate Composition of National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries
Research, New Busssa, Fish Feed.
200
ingredient composition
_
(% dri weight)
yellow maize 15.0
Groundnut cake 47.0
Soybean meal 30.0
Fish meal 540
Vitamin premix 2.0
Bone meal 1.0
Proximate composition (Yu wet weight)
Moisture 7,01
Ash 16.23
Crude protein 39.82
Crude lipid 23.15
Crude fibre 2.40
Nitrogen-free extra,,-;ts 11.38
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Specific growth rate (3.96%/day) was a chievedby
the hybrid Heterobranchus followed by the parent
strains of H. biclorsalis and C. gariepinus
respectively. Similarly He.teroclarias attained a
final weight of (3.30g) compared with H
bielorsalis (3.01g) and C. gariepinus (2.69g).
However, the, mean growth rates for the hybrid
fleteroclaria.s', C, gariepams and H. biclorsalis
were not significantly different at (P > 0.05). The
growth of the hybrid Heteroclarias was
significantly faster when compared with its
reciprocal hybrid Clariabranchus.
The hybrid (7; C. gariepatus X 2 C. anguillaris
had the lowest increase in weight (0.98g).
However the mean growth rates for the hybrid and
its reciprocal hybrid C. anguillaris X
gariepinus and C angitillaris were not
significantly different at (P > 0.05).
The hybrid Clariabranchus was not as fast
growing as either C. gariepams or its reciprocal
hybrid but was better than C. anguillaris and
hybrid 4 C. gariepinus X C. anguillaris. C.
gariepintIS (Netherlands) attained the highest mean
increase in total length (8.68cm) followed by the
DISCUSSION
The highest performance of the hybrid
Heterociarias could be attributed to improved,
hybrid vigour. Since similar diets feeding
regimes, hatchery c,onditions and teclmiques were
provided. This agrees with the findings of Bakos
(1982); Jensen et. al. (1983). Madu and Ita (1990)
and Salami et. al. (1993) who observed that
hybrid in .most cases were superior to the parental
strains in growt1L food 'Conversion and resistance
202
hybrid Heteroclarias (8.16cm) and H bidorsalis
(8.05cm). the lowest increase in total length
(3.26cm) was achieved by the hylnid
angtallaris X C. gariepinu.s.
Percentage survival was highest (82.6%) in C.
gariepintts while the hybrid(-,'? C. gariepinus X l-T2
C. angtallaris has the lowest survival value.
Percentage survival values .for the hybrids
ffeteraclarlas and Clariabranchu,s were neither as
low as that of H. Inc/ors-As nor as high as the
value of C. gariepinus.
Figure 1 shows the Cumulative weight increases
of the different species. It is cleared from the
figures that hybrid Heteroclarias performed better
than its reciprocal hybrid followed closely by the
parent strains of H bielorsall.y and C. gariepinus
resp ectively.
Table 3 shows the water quality in hatcher,,T
system during the experimental period. The water
temperature range from 29 - 30°C while the pH
range from 6,9 - 7,6, The dissolved oxygen range
from 6.0 - 8.4ing/1 and all the water parameters
were within the range which is suitable for fish
growth.
to diseases.
The mortality that occurred was due to handling
stress during the initial stocking and sampling
because sampling was done every week. The high
survival rate could be attributed to the
acclimatization of the fry in the experimental site
and proper management of the stock (fry).
The water quality parameters during (he
experimental period fell within the range suitable
Parameter Maximum Minimum Mean ± S.E
Temperature(°C) 30 29 29.5 + 0.44
pH 7.6 6.9 7,3 i: 0.75
Dissolved oxygen mg/1 8.4 6.0 7) + 0.85
Table 3: Mea vater quality parameters measured during the experimental period
for fish growth. Maduet. al.(1,984) recommended
temperature range of 20 - 30°C as optimum
growth for Clarias species.
The hybrid .Heteroclarias imbibed the fast growth
characteristics of Heterob1'0'17C/7ns bidorsalis
coupled with the fast growth traits of the C.
gariepinus (Netherlands) bud did not inherit the
poor survival trait. Similarly Clariabranchus
inherited the high survival nature of C. gariepinus
but was not as better in growth rate as the C.
gariepinus.
The C. gariepinus (Netherlands) and hybrid c3H.
bidorsalis X C. gariepinus (netherlands) have a
great potential for fingerling production by virtue
of their fast growth rate and should be
encouraged. It is believed that most factors
responsible for growth and survival in
management of catfish fry are the availability of
suitable food which must be adeqtrate not only in
quantity but in qua.lity, suitable dissolved oxygen
level and management skill. Therefore before any
successful breeding operation could take place
there should be adequate provision for the source
of food and desirable water quality .parameters.
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0.A,; O. Kayotie; Idoniboye-oim; A
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BakosC. (1982). Selective breeding and interspecific
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Ezenwali, H.M.G. (1985). African Ciar/as taxonomy:
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Comparative growth and survival of fry of Clarias gariepinus (B), Clarias anguillaris (L), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (G), Heteroclarias, Clariabranchus and Clarias hybrids under outdoor nursery management system

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Comparative growth and survival of fry of Clarias gariepinus (B), Clarias anguillaris (L), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (G), Heteroclarias, Clariabranchus and Clarias hybrids under outdoor nursery management system

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