91 research outputs found
Pairing correlations. Part 1: description of odd nuclei in mean-field theories
In order to extract informations on pairing correlations in nuclei from
experimental mass differences, the different contributions to odd-even mass
differences are investigated within the Skyrme HFB method. In this first paper,
the description of odd nuclei within HFB is discussed since it is the key point
for the understanding of the above mentioned contributions. To go from an even
nucleus to an odd one, the advantage of a two steps process is demonstrated and
its physical content is discussed. New results concerning time-reversal
symmetry breaking in odd-nuclei are also reported.
PACS: 21.10Dr; 21.10.Hw; 21.30.-x.
Keywords: Mean-field theories; Pairing correlations; odd nuclei;Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
A large Hilbert space QRPA and RQRPA calculation of neutrinoless double beta decay
A large Hilbert space is used for the calculation of the nuclear matrix
elements governing the light neutrino mass mediated mode of neutrinoless double
beta decay of Ge76, Mo100, Cd116, Te128 and Xe136 within the proton-neutron
quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) and the renormalized QRPA
with proton-neutron pairing (full-RQRPA) methods. We have found that the
nuclear matrix elements obtained with the standard pn-QRPA for several nuclear
transitions are extremely sensitive to the renormalization of the
particle-particle component of the residual interaction of the nuclear
hamiltonian. Therefore the standard pn-QRPA does not guarantee the necessary
accuracy to allow us to extract a reliable limit on the effective neutrino
mass. This behaviour, already known from the calculation of the two-neutrino
double beta decay matrix elements, manifests itself in the neutrinoless
double-beta decay but only if a large model space is used. The full-RQRPA,
which takes into account proton-neutron pairing and considers the Pauli
principle in an approximate way, offers a stable solution in the physically
acceptable region of the particle-particle strength. In this way more accurate
values on the effective neutrino mass have been deduced from the experimental
lower limits of the half-lifes of neutrinoless double beta decay.Comment: 19 pages, RevTex, 1 Postscript figur
Description of nuclear systems within the relativistic Hartree-Fock method with zero range self-interactions of the scalar field
An exact method is suggested to treat the nonlinear self-interactions (NLSI)
in the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approach for nuclear systems. We
consider here the NLSI constructed from the relativistic scalar nucleon
densities and including products of six and eight fermion fields. This type of
NLSI corresponds to the zero range limit of the standard cubic and quartic
self-interactions of the scalar field. The method to treat the NLSI uses the
Fierz transformation, which enables one to express the exchange (Fock)
components in terms of the direct (Hartree) ones. The method is applied to
nuclear matter and finite nuclei. It is shown that, in the RHF formalism, the
NLSI, which are explicitly isovector-independent, generate scalar, vector and
tensor nucleon self-energies strongly density-dependent. This strong isovector
structure of the self-energies is due to the exchange terms of the RHF method.
Calculations are carried out with a parametrization containing five free
parameters. The model allows a description of both types of systems compatible
with experimental data.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures (v2: major quantitative changes
Shape and blocking effects on odd-even mass differences and rotational motion of nuclei
Nuclear shapes and odd-nucleon blockings strongly influence the odd-even
differences of nuclear masses. When such effects are taken into account, the
determination of the pairing strength is modified resulting in larger pair
gaps. The modified pairing strength leads to an improved self-consistent
description of moments of inertia and backbending frequencies, with no
additional parameters.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, subm to PR
Isospin Dependence in the Odd-Even Staggering of Nuclear Binding Energies
The FRS-ESR facility at GSI provides unique conditions for precision
measurements of large areas on the nuclear mass surface in a single experiment.
Values for masses of 604 neutron-deficient nuclides (30<=Z<=92) were obtained
with a typical uncertainty of 30 microunits. The masses of 114 nuclides were
determined for the first time. The odd-even staggering (OES) of nuclear masses
was systematically investigated for isotopic chains between the proton shell
closures at Z=50 and Z=82. The results were compared with predictions of modern
nuclear models. The comparison revealed that the measured trend of OES is not
reproduced by the theories fitted to masses only. The spectral pairing gaps
extracted from models adjusted to both masses, and density related observables
of nuclei agree better with the experimental data.Comment: Physics Review Letters 95 (2005) 042501
http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v95/e04250
Predicting total reaction cross sections for nucleon-nucleus scattering
Nucleon total reaction and neutron total cross sections to 300 MeV for 12C
and 208Pb, and for 65 MeV spanning the mass range, are predicted using
coordinate space optical potentials formed by full folding of effective
nucleon-nucleon interactions with realistic nuclear ground state densities.
Good to excellent agreement is found with existing data.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Referrals to a facial pain service
AIM: To assess the quality of referral letters to a facial pain service and highlight the key requirements of such letters.
METHOD: The source of all referral letters to the service for five years was established. For one year the information provided in 94 referrals was assessed. Using a predetermined checklist of essential information the referral letters were compared to these set criteria.
RESULTS: The service received 7,001 referrals and, on average, general dental practitioners (GDPs) referred 303 more patients per year than general medical practitioners (GMPs). Seventy-one percent of all referrals were from primary care practitioners, the rest were from specialists. Over 70% of GMP and 52% of GDP letters included a past medical history, with GMPs more likely to suggest a possible diagnosis and include previous secondary care referrals. The mean score for GMP referrals compared to the standard proforma (maximum of 12) was 5.6 and for GDP referrals 5.0. A relevant drug history was included by 75.6% GMP compared to 38.7% of GDPs. GMPs were more likely to include any relevant mental health history.
CONCLUSIONS: The overall quality of referral letters is low which makes it difficult for the specialists to provide robust treatment plans
Determination of 141Pr(alpha,n)144Pm cross sections at energies of relevance for the astrophysical p-process using the gamma-gamma coincidence method
The reaction 141Pr(alpha,n)144Pm was investigated between E_alpha=11 MeV and
15 MeV with the activation method using the gamma-gamma coincidence method with
a segmented clover-type high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Measurements
with four other HPGe detectors were additionally made. The comparison proves
that the gamma-gamma coincidence method is an excellent tool to investigate
cross sections down to the microbarn range. The (alpha,n) reaction at low
energy is especially suited to test alpha+nucleus optical-model potentials for
application in the astrophysical p-process. The experimentally determined cross
sections were compared to Hauser-Feshbach statistical model calculations using
different optical potentials and generally an unsatisfactory reproduction of
the data was found. A local potential was constructed to improve the
description of the data. The consequences of applying the same potential to
calculate astrophysical (gamma,alpha) rates for 145Pm and 148Gd were explored.
In summary, the data and further results underline the problems in global
predictions of alpha+nucleus optical potentials at astrophysically relevant
energies.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev.
Circulating cytokines in Norwegian patients with psoriatic arthritis determined by a multiplex cytokine array system
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTIVE STRESS COEFFICIENT FOR VARIOUS HIGH POROSITY OUTCROP CHALKS
ABSTRACT The contribution of the pore fluid pressure in reducing the effective stress during loading of fully saturated high porosity chalk (>40%) has often been assumed to be represented by an effective stress coefficient close to unity. This assumption entails the differential stress; the difference between the total stress and the pore fluid pressure, to equal the stress the rock matrix is exposed to. Laboratory experiments were conducted by simultaneously increasing the total stress and pore pressure. These tests resulted in substantial strains that should not occur if the assumption of an effective stress coefficient close to unity was true. Different explanations for these strains have been discussed, among these consolidation effects, partial saturation effects, micro damage and possible laboratory equipment effects. The strains that were observed during the above mentioned test phase, resulted in a focus on the effective stress coefficient for porous chalk material. The results presented in this study suggest that the effective stress coefficient for high porosity outcrop chalks depends on the applied stress and the pore fluid, and is not a constant nor close to unity as commonly presumed
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