Economics of water injected air screw compressor systems

There is a growing need for compressed air free of entrained oil to be used in industry. In many cases it can be supplied by oil flooded screw compressors with multi stage filtration systems, or by oil free screw compressors. However, if water injected screw compressors can be made to operate reliably, they could be more efficient and therefore cheaper to operate. Unfortunately, to date, such machines have proved to be insufficiently reliable and not cost effective. This paper describes an investigation carried out to determine the current limitations of water injected screw compressor systems and how these could be overcome in the 15-315 kW power range and delivery pressures of 6-10 bar. Modern rotor profiles and approach to sealing and cooling allow reasonably inexpensive air end design. The prototype of the water injected screw compressor air system was built and tested for performance and reliability. The water injected compressor system was compared with the oil injected and oil free compressor systems of the equivalent size including the economic analysis based on the lifecycle costs. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that water injected screw compressor systems could be designed to deliver clean air free of oil contamination with a better user value proposition than the oil injected or oil free screw compressor systems over the considered range of operations

Modelling Ground-Foundation Interactions

Geotechnical practice deals with designing foundations and earth structures. Structure – Foundation –\ud Grou nd interaction is a unique field or topic that concerns both structural and geotechnical engineers. Most geotechnical problems are very sensitive to foundation geometry (length, diameter, spacing), flexural stiffness etc. Even basic parameters such as bearing capacity of shallow foundations, ultimate axial and lateral load capacities of deep/pile foundations, are influenced by the foundation characteristics. More importantly, the serviceability criterion can be satisfied only by proper and rational estimates of structure – found ation – ground interactions. The paper summarizes modelling approaches for foundation – ground interactions, a leaning instability approach for tall structures, and analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced foundation beds

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL BIOADHESANT BIOMATERIAL OBTAINED FROM THE PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to isolate bioadhesive biomaterial from the pulp of Phaseolus vulgaris and further characterization includes preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical parameter micromeritic properties, spectral analysis (like NMR, X-Ray diffraction, DSC and IR spectroscopy) and acute toxicity study. The work also emphasizes to evaluate the mucoadhesive and in built properties of isolated biopolymer. Methods: Phaseolus vulgaris biopolymer was obtained using non solvent addition method. Pharmacopoeial procedures were used to study the micromeritic properties, solubility, organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, swelling index and surface characteristics of isolated biopolymer. The mucoadhesive property was determined by Shear stress method, falling sphere method and rotating basket method and data obtained were compared with standard. Results: The result showed that isolated biomaterial exhibited good flow behavior and pH was found 5.6 showed that this can be used in oral formulations without any irritation. SEM analysis suggests that the biomaterial has irregular particle size and XRD pattern of the biopolymer indicated a completely amorphous structure. The formation of hydrogen bond by natural bioadhesive agent with nasal mucosa was confirmed by FTIR spectra showing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups further mucoadhesive assessment suggest that the isolated biomaterial exhibited polymeric characteristics with promising inbuilt mucoadhesive property. Conclusion: The research study revealed that the biomaterial isolated from pulp of Phaseolus vulgaris exhibited a promishing potent natural mucoadhesive property and may be used to develop mucoadhesive transmucosal drug delivery systems

Correction

[No abstract available

Selective blockade of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor (FcγRIIB) in human dendritic cells and monocytes induces a type I interferon response program

The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to activate immunity is linked to their maturation status. In prior studies, we have shown that selective antibody-mediated blockade of inhibitory FcγRIIB receptor on human DCs in the presence of activating immunoglobulin (Ig) ligands leads to DC maturation and enhanced immunity to antibody-coated tumor cells. We show that Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated activation of human monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs is associated with a distinct gene expression pattern, including several inflammationassociated chemokines, as well as type 1 interferon (IFN) response genes, including the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). FcγR-mediated STAT1 activation is rapid and requires activating FcγRs. However, this IFN response is observed without a detectable increase in the expression of type I IFNs themselves or the need to add exogenous IFNs. Induction of IFN response genes plays an important role in FcγR-mediated effects on DCs, as suppression of STAT1 by RNA interference inhibited FcγR-mediated DC maturation. These data suggest that the balance of activating/inhibitory FcγRs may regulate IFN signaling in myeloid cells. Manipulation of FcγR balance on DCs and monocytes may provide a novel approach to regulating IFN-mediated pathways in autoimmunity and human cancer

Erratum: Selective blockade of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor (FcγRIIB) in human dendritic cells and monocytes induces a type I interferon response program

[No abstract available

Statistical Distributions for Damage Modelling: A Retrospect

This paper reviews works on statistical damage modelling. Available literature shows that this method is flexible for modelling under-reporting and over-reporting of income, optimal replacement, accelerated test models, man-power analysis, rock compression, inventory analysis, power distribution etc . Additive and multiplicative damage models are discussed and additional literature on multivariate damage modelling are also provided. Characterizations of various distributions are discussed

Pharmacovigilance study of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients visiting Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate incidence, patterns, and severity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) induced adverse drug reactions (ADR).Methods: A total of 500 hypertensive patients taking ACEI was enrolled in the study by taking an informed consent. Reporting of all ACEI-induced ADRs was done by filling CDSCO ADR form. All ADR reports were evaluated according to WHO-UMC causality assessment scale.Results: A total of 53 ADRs (31 males and 22 females) was observed in 500 hypertensive patients taking ACEI. Of 53 ADRs, 22 (41.51%) were mild, 28 (52.83%) were moderate, and only 3 (5.66%) were classified as severe. 7 ADRs (13.21%) were classified as certain, 30 ADRs (56.60%) were in probable category, 8 (15.09%) were in possible category, 4 (7.55%) in unlikely category, 3 (5.66%) in conditional category (unclassified), and 1 ADR was in unassessable (unclassifiable) category. Among 53 ADRs, 24 (4.80%) patients developed dry cough, 8 (1.60%) hypotension, 2 (0.40%) headache, 2 (0.40%) dizziness, 3 (0.60%) nausea/bowel upset, 3 (0.60%) rashes, 2 (0.40%) developed angioedema, 3 (0.60%) dysgeusia, hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, proteinuria are rare.Conclusions: Incidence of ADRs by ACEIs is 10.60% with cough as the most common ADR followed by hypotension. As enalapril is most frequently used ACEI, ADRs due to enalapril are more common

Fano Effect in a Few-Electron Quantum Dot

We have studied the Fano effect in a few-electron quantum dot side-coupled to a quantum wire. The conductance of the wire, which shows an ordinal staircase-like quantization without the dot, is modified through the interference (the Fano effect) and the charging effects. These effects are utilized to verify the exhaustion of electrons in the dot. The "addition energy spectrum" of the dot shows a shell structure, indicating that the electron confinement potential is fairly circular. A rapid sign inversion of the Fano parameter on the first conductance plateau with the change of the wire gate voltage has been observed, and explained by introducing a finite width of dot-wire coupling.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Instruments of RT-2 Experiment onboard CORONAS-PHOTON and their test and evaluation V: Onboard software, Data Structure, Telemetry and Telecommand

The onboard software and data communication in the RT-2 Experiment onboard the Coronas-Photon satellite is organized in a hierarchical way to effectively handle and communicate asynchronous data generated by the X-ray detectors. A flexible data handling system is organized in the X-ray detector packages themselves and the processing electronic device, namely RT-2/E, has the necessary intelligence to communicate with the 3 scientific payloads by issuing commands and receiving data. It has direct interfacing with the Satellite systems and issues commands to the detectors and processes the detector data before sending to the satellite systems. The onboard software is configured with several novel features like a) device independent communication scheme, b) loss-less data compression and c) Digital Signal Processor. Functionality of the onboard software along with the data structure, command structure, complex processing scheme etc. are discussed in this paper.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy (in press