Jatrogena zloporaba klorpromazina u mačića

Chlorpromazine is a sedative effective phenothiazine derivative used to prevent nausea and vomiting, especially in cases of motion sickness in cats. It has serious side effects at high doses, including weakness, tremors, loss of anal sphincter tone and reflexes, hypotension, heart rhythm abnormalities, coma, agitation and seizures. In this case report, chlorpromazine toxicity was defined in a 4-month-old, 1.2 kg male Van kitten brought to Selcuk University Veterinary Faculty Emergency Clinic with complaints of stagnation, tremors, vomiting and excessive sleepiness. Hypothermia (35.2 °C), hyperpnea (88 breaths/min), hypersalivation, constipation, excessive agitation, tremors and incoordination were determined in the clinical examination of the kitten. It was learned from the anamnesis that 100 mg chlorpromazine was given orally before the trip against motion sickness. Electrocardiographic examination determined sinus tachycardia (220 beats/min), increase in P wave amplitude, elevation in ST complex and hypotension (S/MAP/D = 148/124/112). The major laboratory findings were metabolic acidosis (pH 7.278), hypoglycaemia (61 mg/dL), leukocytosis (22.43 m/mm3), increase in blood ured nitrogen (17.7 mg/dL), creatinine (0.6 mg/dL) and ALP (121 U/L) concentrations and hypertriglyceridemia (122 mg/dL). Based on the anamnesis, clinical, laboratory and ECG findings, the kitten was diagnosed with overdose chlorpromazine toxicity and hospitalized, and put under surveillance for continuous cardiac monitoring. Lactated ringer solution, norepinephrine tartrate, furosemide, activated charcoal and oxygen therapy were given. The treatment was successful. In conclusion, it was evaluated that continuous cardiac monitoring and controlling hypotension were important in the management of chlorpromazine toxicity, and fluid therapy, norepinephrine, diuretic and activated charcoal administrations achieve success in treatment.Klorpromazin je derivat fenotiazina sa sedativnim učinkom, a rabi se za sprječavanje mučnine i povraćanja, posebice u slučajevima bolesti kretanja u mačaka. Pri velikim dozama ima ozbiljne nuspojave poput slabosti, drhtanja, gubitka tonusa analnog sfinktera i refleksa, hipotenzije, abnormalnosti srčanog ritma, kome, uznemirenosti i napadaja. U ovoj analizi slučaja, u četveromjesečnog mačića turske pasmine van težine 1,2 kg koji je doveden na hitnu pomoć Veterinarskog fakulteta Selcuk Sveučilišta s primjećenim simptomima stagnacije, drhtanja, povraćanja i prekomjerne pospanosti otkriveno je trovanje klorpromazinom. Kliničkim pregledom mačke utvrđena je hipotermija (35,2 °C), hiperpneja (88 udisaja/min), hipersalivacija, konstipacija, prekomjerna uznemirenost, drhtanje i nekoordinacija. Iz anamneze je otkriveno da je mačić prije puta oralno primio 100 mg klorpromazina, za sprječavanje bolesti kretanja. Na elektrokardiografskom pregledu ustvrđena je sinusna tahikardija (220 otkucaja/min), povećanje amplitude P vala, podizanje ST segmenta i hipotenzija (S/MAP/D = 148/124/112). Glavni laboratorijski nalazi bili su metabolička acidoza (pH 7,278), hipoglikemija (61 mg/dL), leukocitoza (22,43 m/mm3), povećanje koncentracije ureje u krvi (17,7 mg/dL), kreatinina (0,6 mg/dL) i ALP (121 U/L) i hipertrigliceridemija (122 mg/dL). Prema anamnezi, kliničkim, laboratorijskim i EKG nalazima, mačiću je dijagnosticirano trovanje prekomjernom dozom klorpromazina te je hospitaliziran, uz kontinuirano praćenje rada srca. Mačić je primao Ringerov laktat, norepinefrin tartrat, furosemid, aktivni ugljen i terapiju kisikom. Liječenje je bilo uspješno. Zaključno, procijenjeno je da su kontinuirano praćenje rada srca i kontrola hipotenzije bile važne u liječenju trovanja klorpromazinom te da tekuća terapija, norepinefrin, diuretik i aktivni ugljen postižu uspjeh u liječenju

Clinical Features and Treatment Strategies of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: a Multicenter Retrospective Study

DergiPark: 379015tmsjAims: Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a rare, highly malignant disease with poor prognosis. Thecurrent knowledge about the disease is mostly gathered from prospective clinical trials and the optimal treatment modality is still a matter of debate. In this study it is aimed to acquire more information about the clinical features of the disease and the responses to different treatment modalities.Methods: The archives in Trakya University Hospital, İnönü University Turgut Özal Medical Center, PamukkaleUniversity Hospital and Erciyes University Hospital researched retrospectively. Demographic, treatment and survival data were retrieved and their statistical analysis was performed. As descriptive statistics number and percentages, arithmetic mean ± standard deviation, median (maximum-minimum) were used. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan- Meier method.Results: Median age of patients at diagnosis was 53 and out of 28 patients 15 (53.6 %) of them were male. As the symptoms of the disease 18 (66.7%) patients presented headache, 15 (53.8%) presented focal deficit. As initial treatment 26 (92.9%) patients received chemotherapy, while 19 (67.9%) patients were treated with surgical resection and the median overall survival time was 7 months. Conclusion: Achieving complete remission as response to the initial treatment is associated with an improvedoverall survival. Other survival analysis to compare the impact of all initial treatment methods on overall survival resulted statistically insignifican

Usporedba vrijednosti dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz vrste Pasteurella caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskog konja.

In the present study, Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) was isolated and identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from thoroughbred Arabian foals using conventional microbiological methods. Subsequently, the ability of two different PCR primer sets was evaluated for detection and confirmation of P. caballi. Primer sets 1 and 2, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of P. caballi, were designed using the Primer 3 and Primer-BLAST programs, respectively. PCR was performed to confirm P. caballi strains and to detect it directly in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. In total, 35 Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 25 (38.4 %) of 65 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, and 10 (58.8 %) of 17 lung samples. These strains were identified as P. caballi based on conventional microbiological and biochemical characteristics. The sensitivities of primers 1 and 2 were determined to be 100 % to confirm cultured P. caballi strains. However, the specificity of P. caballi detection was lower with primer set-1 than primer set-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples. The sensitivity and specificity of primer set-2 were confirmed by gene sequence analysis. This study indicates that the 16S rRNA-PCR method, using primer set-2, provides a rapid and accurate tool for the detection and confirmation of P. caballi isolates in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung samples from foals.Pasteurella caballi (P. caballi) izdvojena je i identificirana u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i tkiva pluća ždrebadi čistokrvnoga arapskoga konja uobičajenim mikrobiološkim postupcima. Potom je istražena vrijednost dvaju različitih kompleta početnica za dokaz i potvrdu vrste P. caballi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom. Početnica 1 za dokaz gena 16S rRNA P. caballi bila je pripremljena upotrebom programa Primer 3, a početnica 2 upotrebom programa Primer-BLAST. Lančana reakcija polimerazom rabljena je za potvrdu sojeva vrste P. caballi i za njezin izravni dokaz u uzorcima bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Ukupno je bilo izdvojeno 35 izolata Pasteurella spp. iz 25 (38,4 %) od 65 pretraženih uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i 10 (58,8 %) izolata iz 17 uzoraka plućnoga tkiva. Ti su sojevi bili identificirani na osnovi poznatih mikrobioloških i biokemijskih značajki. Početnice 1 i 2 pokazale su 100 %-tnu osjetljivost za identifikaciju uzgojenih sojeva. Međutim, početnica set-1 za dokaz vrste P. caballi bila je slabije specifičnosti od početnice set-2 pri pretrazi uzoraka bronhoalveolarnog ispirka i plućnoga tkiva. Osjetljivost i specifičnost početnice 2 bila je povrđena analizom genske sekvencije. Istraživanje pokazuje da početnica set-2 za lančanu reakciju polimerazom za dokaz 16S rRNA pruža brz i točan alat za dokazivanje i potvrdu izolata vrste P. caballi u bronhoalveolarnom ispirku i plućnom tkivu ždrebadi

The Sariçiçek Howardite Fall in Turkey: Source Crater of HED Meteorites on Vesta and İmpact Risk of Vestoids

The Sariçiçek howardite meteorite shower consisting of 343 documented stones occurred on 2 September 2015 in Turkey and is the first documented howardite fall. Cosmogenic isotopes show that Sariçiçek experienced a complex cosmic ray exposure history, exposed during ~12–14 Ma in a regolith near the surface of a parent asteroid, and that an ~1 m sized meteoroid was launched by an impact 22 ± 2 Ma ago to Earth (as did one third of all HED meteorites). SIMS dating of zircon and baddeleyite yielded 4550.4 ± 2.5 Ma and 4553 ± 8.8 Ma crystallization ages for the basaltic magma clasts. The apatite U-Pb age of 4525 ± 17 Ma, K-Ar age of ~3.9 Ga, and the U,Th-He ages of 1.8 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.3 Ga are interpreted to represent thermal metamorphic and impact-related resetting ages, respectively. Petrographic, geochemical and O-, Cr- and Tiisotopic studies confirm that Sariçiçek belongs to the normal clan of HED meteorites. Petrographic observations and analysis of organic material indicate a small portion of carbonaceous chondrite material in the Sariçiçek regolith and organic contamination of the meteorite after a few days on soil. Video observations of the fall show an atmospheric entry at 17.3 ± 0.8 kms-1 from NW, fragmentations at 37, 33, 31 and 27 km altitude, and provide a pre-atmospheric orbit that is the first dynamical link between the normal HED meteorite clan and the inner Main Belt. Spectral data indicate the similarity of Sariçiçek with the Vesta asteroid family (V-class) spectra, a group of asteroids stretching to delivery resonances, which includes (4) Vesta. Dynamical modeling of meteoroid delivery to Earth shows that the complete disruption of a ~1 km sized Vesta family asteroid or a ~10 km sized impact crater on Vesta is required to provide sufficient meteoroids ≤4 m in size to account for the influx of meteorites from this HED clan. The 16.7 km diameter Antonia impact crater on Vesta was formed on terrain of the same age as given by the 4He retention age of Sariçiçek. Lunar scaling for crater production to crater counts of its ejecta blanket show it was formed ~22 Ma ago

A Comparative Examination of Some Basic Concepts and General Structure of Food Criminal Law

Some of the basic concepts alongside the general structure of food criminal law are examined comparatively in this paper. The aforementioned basic concepts are specifically, "food", "the right to adequate food", "food security, "food safety" and "food fraud". As regards the general structure of food criminal law, after a brief look at international concerns, we will examine the classifications and formulations of breaches of the law as well as some crime types. In particular, some characteristics of the two crime types which are directly related to food criminal law and regulated under the Turkish Criminal Code under the headings of "adding poisonous substances" (s 185) and "commerce of spoiled or altered foods and medicines" (s 186) have been explored. In this paper, we focus on "food safety" as one of the main legal values protected through food criminal law, not on the issues related to "food security" and "economic interests of consumers"