Susceptibility Of Cell Lines To Avian Viruses

The susceptibility of the five cell lines - IB-RS-2, RK-13, Vero, BHK-21, CER - to reovirus S1133 and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV vaccine GBV-8 strain) was studied to better define satisfactory and sensitive cell culture systems. Cultures were compared for presence of CPE, virus titers and detection of viral RNA. CPE and viral RNA were detected in CER and BHK-21 cells after reovirus inoculation and in RK-13 cell line after IBDV inoculation and with high virus titers. Virus replication by production of low virus titers occurred in IB-RS-2 and Vero cells with reovirus and in BHK-21 cell line with IBDV.304373376Barta, V., Springer, W.T., Millar, D.L., A comparison of avian and mammalian cell cultures for the propagation of avian reovirus WVU 2937 (1984) Avian Dis., 28, pp. 216-223Cowen, B.S., Braune, M.O., The propagation of avian viruses in a continuous cell line (QT35) of Japanese quail origin (1988) Avian Dis., 32, pp. 282-297Fernandes, M.J.B., Simoni, I.C., Caracterização de linhagens celulares: II- Suscetibilidade aos virus da doença de Aujeszky e da Febre aftosa (1995) Arq. Inst. Biol., 62, pp. 65-72Giambrone, J.J., Microculture neutralization test for serodiagnosis of three avian viral infections (1980) Avian Dis., 24, pp. 2284-2287Guneratne, J.R.M., Jones, R.C., Georgiou, K., Some observations on the isolation and cultivation of avian reoviruses (1982) Avian Pathol., 11, pp. 453-462Herrings, A.J., Inglis, N.F., Ojeh, C.K., Snodgrass, D.R., Menzies, J.D., Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by direct detection of viral nucleic acid in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels (1982) J. Clin. Microbiol., 16, pp. 473-477Kibenge, F.S.B., Dhillon, A.S., Russell, R.G., Growth of serotypes I and II and variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus in Vero cells (1988) Avian Dis., 32, pp. 298-303Kibenge, F.S.B., Mckenna, P.K., Isolation and propagation of infectious bursal disease virus using the ovine kidney continuous cell line (1992) Avian Dis., 36, pp. 256-261Jackwood, D.H., Saif, Y.M., Hughes, J.H., Replication of infectious bursal disease virus in continuous cell lines (1987) Avian Dis., 31, pp. 370-375Jones, R.C., Different sensitivity of Vero cells from two sources to avian reoviruses (1990) Res. Vet. Science, 48, pp. 379-380Laemmli, U.K., Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 (1970) Nature, 227, pp. 680-685Lukert, P.D., Leonard, J., Davis, R.B., Infectious bursal disease virus: Antigen production and immunity (1975) Am. J. Vet. Res., 36, pp. 539-540Lukert, P.D., Saif, Y.M., Infectious bursal disease (1991) Disease of Poultry, 9th Ed., pp. 648-663. , B.W. Calnek, H.J. Barnes, C.W. Beard, W.M. Reid and H.W. Yoder, Jr. eds. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IowaPereira, H.G., Azeredo, R.S., Leite, J.P.G., Electrophoretic study of the genome of human rotaviruses from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Pará, Brazil (1983) J. Hyg. Camb., 90, pp. 117-125Petek, M., D'Aprile, P.N., Cancellotti, F., Biological and phisico-chemical properties of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (1973) Avian Pathol., 2, pp. 135-152Reed, L.J., Mucnch, H.A., A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints (1938) Am. J. Hyg., 27, pp. 493-497Robertson, M.D., Wilcox, G.E., Avian reovirus (1986) Vet. Bull., 56, pp. 155-174Rosenberg, J.K., Olson, N.O., Reovirus Infections (1991) Disease of Poultry, pp. 639-647. , Calnck, H.J.Barnes, C.W.Beard, W.M.Yoder, H.W., 9th edit. Iowa State Univ. Press, AmesWilcox, G.E., Robertson, M.D., Lines, A.D., Adaptation and characteristics of replication of a strain reovirus in Vero cells (1985) Avian Pathol., 14, pp. 321-32

The Effects Of Combining Artemisia Annua And Curcuma Longa Ethanolic Extracts In Broilers Challenged With Infective Oocysts Of Eimeria Acervulina And E. Maxima

Due to an increasing demand for natural products to control coccidiosis in broilers, we investigated the effects of supplementing a combination of ethanolic extracts of Artemisia annua and Curcuma longa in drinking water. Three different dosages of this herbal mixture were compared with a negative control (uninfected), a positive control (infected and untreated), chemical coccidiostats (nicarbazin+narazin and, later, salinomycin), vaccination, and a product based on oregano. Differences in performance (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate), mortality, gross intestinal lesions and oocyst excretion were investigated. Broilers given chemical coccidiostats performed better than all other groups. Broilers given the two highest dosages of the herbal mixture had intermediate lesion scores caused by Eimeria acervulina, which was higher than in broilers given coccidiostats, but less than in broilers given vaccination, oregano and in negative controls. There was a trend for lower mortality (P = 0·08) in the later stage of the growing period (23-43 days) in broilers given the highest dosage of herbal mixture compared with broilers given chemical coccidiostats. In conclusion, the delivery strategy of the herbal extracts is easy to implement at farm level, but further studies on dose levels and modes of action are needed. © Cambridge University Press 2013.1413347355Abbas, R.Z., Colwell, D.D., Gilleard, J., Botanicals: An alternative approach for the control of avian coccidiosis. 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Transcriptome analysis of the acoelomate human parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma mansoni is the primary causative agent of schistosomiasis, which affects 200 million individuals in 74 countries. We generated 163,000 expressed-sequence tags (ESTs) from normalized cDNA libraries from six selected developmental stages of the parasite, resulting in 31,000 assembled sequences and 92% sampling of an estimated 14,000 gene complement. By analyzing automated Gene Ontology assignments, we provide a detailed view of important S. mansoni biological systems, including characterization of metazoa-specific and eukarya-conserved genes. Phylogenetic analysis suggests an early divergence from other metazoa. The data set provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of tissue organization, development, signaling, sexual dimorphism, host interactions and immune evasion and identifies novel proteins to be investigated as vaccine candidates and potential drug targets