Combined explanation of WW-mass, muon g−2g-2, RK(∗)R_{K^{(*)}} and RD(∗)R_{D^{(*)}} anomalies in a singlet-triplet scalar leptoquark model

In addition to the three long-standing anomalies seen in the muon $g-2$, $R_{K^{(*)}}$, and $R_{D^{(*)}}$ observables by various independent experiments, the CDF collaboration has found another significant one in the $W$ boson mass. These anomalies might be intertwined at a fundamental level and have a single new physics explanation. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of whether these anomalies can be explained in a model of a weak-singlet $S_1$ and a weak-triplet $S_3$ scalar leptoquarks. We find that with an appropriate flavour ansatz and mass mixing between the $S_1$ and $S_3$ leptoquarks through a Higgs portal, the model can explain the four anomalies simultaneously while being consistent with potential spoilsport observables like $R_{K^{(*)}}^{\nu\nu}$.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Comments are welcom

Differential impact of socioeconomic position across life on oral cancer risk in Kerala, India: An investigation of life-course models under a time-varying framework

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of oral cancer has been rapidly increasing in India, calling for evidence contributing to a deeper understanding of its determinants. Although disadvantageous life‐course socioeconomic position (SEP) is independently associated with the risk of these cancers, the explanatory mechanisms remain unclear. Possible pathways may be better understood by testing which life‐course model most influences oral cancer risk. We estimated the association between life‐course SEP and oral cancer risk under three life‐course models: critical period, accumulation and social mobility. METHODS: We recruited incident oral cancer cases (N = 350) and controls (N = 371) frequency‐matched by age and sex from two main referral hospitals in Kozhikode, Kerala, India, between 2008 and 2012. We collected information on childhood (0‐16 years), early adulthood (17‐30 years) and late adulthood (above 30 years) SEP and behavioural factors along the life span using interviews and a life‐grid technique. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between life‐course SEP and oral cancer risk using inverse probability weighted marginal structural models. RESULTS: Relative to an advantageous SEP in childhood and early adulthood, a disadvantageous SEP was associated with oral cancer risk [(OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.99, 3.81) and (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.79), respectively]. In addition, participants who were in a disadvantageous (vs advantageous) SEP during all three periods of life had an increased oral cancer risk (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 2.61, 9.06). The childhood to early adulthood social mobility model and overall life‐course trajectories indicated strong influence of exposure to disadvantageous SEP in childhood on the risk for oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Using novel approaches to existing methods, our study provides empirical evidence that disadvantageous childhood SEP is critical for oral cancer risk in this population from Kerala, India

Photonic crystal electrode to be used in organic LED structures

In this work we report the possibility to obtain a high refractive index grid anode directly on the substrate surface by fabricating a relatively large-area photonic crystal (PC) structure using the combinations of electron beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion beam (FIB) techniques. The performance of the realized photonic crystal (PC) structure were enhanced by milling the ITO layer until the glass substrate and by removing the further refractive index jump between the PC and the substrate. The good properties of highly conductive poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), ensured a continuous path for the current and a high refractive index jump for the PC structure by filling the holes in the PC structure

Astrocyte-Specific Overexpression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Protects Hippocampal Neurons and Reduces Behavioral Deficits following Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors often suffer from long-lasting cognitive impairment that stems from hippocampal injury. Systemic administration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a polypeptide growth factor known to play vital roles in neuronal survival, has been shown to attenuate posttraumatic cognitive and motor dysfunction. However, its neuroprotective effects in TBI have not been examined. To this end, moderate or severe contusion brain injury was induced in mice with conditional (postnatal) overexpression of IGF-1 using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model. CCI brain injury produces robust reactive astrocytosis in regions of neuronal damage such as the hippocampus. We exploited this regional astrocytosis by linking expression of hIGF-1 to the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, effectively targeting IGF-1 delivery to vulnerable neurons. Following brain injury, IGF-1Tg mice exhibited a progressive increase in hippocampal IGF-1 levels which was coupled with enhanced hippocampal reactive astrocytosis and significantly greater GFAP levels relative to WT mice. IGF-1 overexpression stimulated Akt phosphorylation and reduced acute (1 and 3d) hippocampal neurodegeneration, culminating in greater neuron survival at 10d after CCI injury. Hippocampal neuroprotection achieved by IGF-1 overexpression was accompanied by improved motor and cognitive function in brain-injured mice. These data provide strong support for the therapeutic efficacy of increased brain levels of IGF-1 in the setting of TBI

Evaluation of turn-off dV/dt controllability and switching characteristics of 1.2 kV GaN polarisation superjunction heterostructure field-effect transistors

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics The Japan Society of Applied Physics, find out more REGULAR PAPER • THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE ISOPEN ACCESS Evaluation of turn-off dV/dt controllability and switching characteristics of 1.2 kV GaN polarisation superjunction heterostructure field-effect transistors Alireza Sheikhan1, Sankara Narayanan Ekkanath Madathil1, Hiroji Kawai2, Shuichi Yagi2 and Hironobu Narui2 Published 5 July 2023 • © 2023 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Japan Society of Applied Physics by IOP Publishing Ltd Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Volume 62, Number 6 Citation Alireza Sheikhan et al 2023 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 62 064502 DOI 10.35848/1347-4065/acd975 DownloadArticle PDF Figures References Download PDF 290 Total downloads Turn on MathJax Share this article Share this content via email Share on Facebook (opens new window) Share on Twitter (opens new window) Share on Mendeley (opens new window) Hide article and author information Author e-mails [email protected] Author affiliations 1 Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom 2 Powdec K.K. Oyama, Tochigi, Japan ORCID iDs Alireza Sheikhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-1593 Dates Received 16 April 2023 Revised 18 May 2023 Accepted 26 May 2023 Published 5 July 2023 Check for updates using Crossmark Buy this article in print Journal RSS Sign up for new issue notifications Create citation alert Abstract Gallium nitride (GaN) devices inherently offer many advantages over silicon power devices, including a higher operating frequency, lower on-state resistance and higher operating temperature capabilities, which can enable higher power density and more efficient power electronics. Turn-off dV/dt controllability plays a key role in determining common-mode voltage in electrical drives and traction inverter applications. The fast-switching edges of GaN can introduce challenges such as electromagnetic interference, premature insulation failure and high overshoot voltages. In this paper, the device working principle, characteristics and dV/dt controllability of 1.2 kV GaN polarisation superjunction (PSJ) heterostructure FETs (HFETs) are presented. The effect of gate driving parameters and load conditions on turn-off dV/dt are investigated. It is shown that in PSJ HFETs the dV/dt can be effectively controlled to as low as 1 kV μs−1 by controlling the gate, with a minimum increase in switching losses. These results are highly encouraging for the application of the devices in motor drives

Further Exploiting c-Closure for FPT Algorithms and Kernels for Domination Problems

For a positive integer c, a graph G is said to be c-closed if every pair of nonadjacent vertices in G have at most c - 1 neighbors in common. The closure of a graph G, denoted by cl(G), is the least positive integer c for which G is c-closed. The class of c-closed graphs was introduced by J. Fox, T. Roughgarden, C. Seshadhri, F. Wei, and N. Wein [Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (2018), 55; SIAM J. Comput., 49 (2020), pp. 448-464]. T. Koana, C. Komusiewicz, and F. Sommer [Proceedings of the European Symposium on Algorithms (2020), 65; SIAM J. Discrete Math., 36 (2022), pp. 2798-2821] started the study of using cl(G) as an additional structural parameter to design kernels for problems that are W-hard under standard parameterizations. In particular, they studied problems such as Independent Set, Induced Matching, Irredundant Set, and (Threshold) Dominating Set and showed that each of these problems admits a polynomial kernel when parameterized either by k + c or by k for each fixed value of c. Here, k is the solution size and c = cl(G). The work of Koana et al. left several questions open, one of which was whether the Perfect Code problem admits a fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) algorithm and a polynomial kernel on c-closed graphs. In this paper, among other results, we answer this question in the affirmative. Inspired by the FPT algorithm for Perfect Code, we further explore two more domination problems on the graphs of bounded closure. The other problems that we study are Connected Dominating Set and Partial Dominating Set. We show that Perfect Code and Connected Dominating Set are fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by k + cl(G), whereas Partial Dominating Set, parameterized by k, is W[1]-hard even when cl(G) = 2. We also show that for each fixed c, Perfect Code admits a polynomial kernel on the class of c-closed graphs. And we observe that Connected Dominating Set has no polynomial kernel even on 2-closed graphs unless NP ⊆ co-NP/poly

Analysis of 1.2kV GaN polarisation superjunction diode surge current capability

Surge current capability of power diodes is one of the essential parameters that needs to be considered for high power density operations in power electronic applications. Gallium Nitride (GaN) is emerging as the next generation of power semiconductor devices due to its superior material characteristics. This work presents the device working principle, characteristics, and the surge capability of 1200V GaN polarisation superjunction (PSJ) hybrid diodes. The experimental results show that the GaN PSJ diode can withstand a surge current of 60A which is around 8 times its rated current and a surge energy of 5.4J. Additionally, despite having a merged PiN and Schottky structure, no bipolar current flow due to the activation of p-doped GaN can be observed until breakdown. This can also be confirmed through the device forward characteristic which shows a unique saturation behaviour at about 76A without any bipolar region

Delocalization and Universality of the Fractional Quantum Hall Plateau-to-Plateau Transitions

Disorder and electron-electron interaction play essential roles in the physics of electron systems in condensed matter. In two-dimensional, quantum Hall systems, extensive studies of disorder-induced localization have led to the emergence of a scaling picture with a single extended state, characterized by a power-law divergence of the localization length in the zero-temperature limit. Experimentally, scaling has been investigated via measuring the temperature dependence of plateau-to-plateau transitions between the integer quantum Hall states (IQHSs), yielding a critical exponent $\kappa\simeq 0.42$. Here we report scaling measurements in the fractional quantum Hall state (FQHS) regime where interaction plays a dominant role. Our study is partly motivated by recent calculations, based on the composite fermion theory, that suggest identical critical exponents in both IQHS and FQHS cases to the extent that the interaction between composite fermions is negligible. The samples used in our experiments are two-dimensional electron systems confined to GaAs quantum wells of exceptionally high quality. We find that $\kappa$ varies for transitions between different FQHSs observed on the flanks of Landau level filling factor $\nu=1/2$, and has a value close to that reported for the IQHS transitions only for a limited number of transitions between high-order FQHSs with intermediate strength. We discuss possible origins of the non-universal $\kappa$ observed in our experiments

Synthesis, Crystal structure, DFT calculations and antimicrobial activity of 4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester

The title compound was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR analysis. The molecular structure of the compound was precisely determined by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis. The crystalized compound shows P21/C & monoclinic crystal system with cell parameters a = 9.7768 (5), b = 7.4005(3) and c = 24.8099 (12), β=93.734(2)°.The structural and electronic properties of the compound were carried out by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The compound exhibited H-bonding between N1-H1A-O1 with bond distance 2.98(7) A°).The energy gap Egap 4.53eV and Egap= 4.34eV for crystal and DFT method respectively. The molecular orbitals energies were studied through Highest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) analysis. The softness and hardness of the molecule was studied through Global Chemical Reactivity Descriptors (GCRD). The electrophilic and nucleophilic characters were studied through Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) studies. The antimicrobial studies were carried out by in-vitro method against 6 microorganisms