Good me bad me : Prioritization of the Good-Self during perceptual decision-making

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When expectancies harm comprehension: encoding flexibility in impression formation

We explored the possibility that the encoding flexibility processes postulated by Sherman and colleagues (1998) may also apply to intentional impression formation settings, even when cognitive resources are available to conceptually encode all of the behavioral information regardless of the relation of that information to the initial stereotypical expectancies. Three experiments offer evidence for the lower conceptual fluency for expectancy-incongruent behaviors, compared with congruent behaviors, as well as for the consequences of that difference for impression formation. Experiment 1 shows that incongruent behaviors are perceived as more difficult to understand in meaning. Experiment 2 links this lower conceptual fluency with a better discrimination of the specific trait implications of the behaviors. We further explore the role of conceptual encoding difficulty for developing personality impressions (Experiment 3). These studies reveal the implications of initial expectancies for the differential conceptual encoding of congruent and incongruent behaviors, even when the availability of cognitive resources is high, such as when forming an intentional impression about a person's personality. The link between this process and encoding the trait implications of behaviors may shed new light on impression formation processes and demand a revision of some of the assumptions that were made by the classical person memory model. We contend that behavior encoding in impression formation is likely to begin with default trait encoding but will be inhibited when the implications of the behavior conflict with previous trait expectancies (see also Wigboldus, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2003). (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Crystal chemistry of type paulkerrite and establishment of the paulkerrite group nomenclature

A single-crystal structure determination and refinement has been conducted for the type specimen of paulkerrite. The structure analysis showed that the mineral has monoclinic symmetry, space group P21/c, not orthorhombic, Pbca, as originally reported. The unit-cell parameters are aCombining double low line10.569(2), bCombining double low line20.590(4), cCombining double low line12.413(2)Å, and βCombining double low line90.33(3)°. The results from the structure refinement were combined with electron microprobe analyses to establish the empirical structural formula A1[(H2O)0.98K0.02]ς1.00 A2K1.00 M1(Mg1.02Mn0.982+)ς2.00 M2(Fe1.203+Ti0.544+Al0.24Mg0.02)ς2.00 M3(Ti0.744+ Fe0.263+)ς1.00 (PO4)4.02X[O1.21F0.47(OH)0.32]ς2.00(H2O)10.3.95H2O, which leads to the end-member formula (H2O)KMg2Fe2Ti(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10.4H2O. A proposal for a paulkerrite group, comprising orthorhombic members benyacarite, mantiennéite, pleysteinite, and hochleitnerite and monoclinic members paulkerrite and rewitzerite, has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission for New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. The general formulae are A2M12M22M3(PO4)4X2(H2O)10.4H2O and A1A2M12M22M3(PO4)4X2(H2O)10.4H2O for orthorhombic and monoclinic species, respectively, where ACombining double low lineK, H2O, (Combining double low linevacancy); M1Combining double low lineMn2+, Mg, Fe2+, Zn (rarely Fe3+); M2 and M3Combining double low lineFe3+, Al, Ti4+ (and very rarely Mg); XCombining double low lineO, OH, F. In monoclinic species, K and H2O show an ordering at the A1 and A2 sites, whereas O, (OH), and F show a disordering over the two non-equivalent X1 and X2 sites, which were hence merged as X2 in the general formula. In both monoclinic and orthorhombic species, a high degree of mixing of Fe3+, Al, and Ti occurs at the M2 and M3 sites of paulkerrite group members, making it difficult to get unambiguous end-member formulae from the structural determination of the constituents at individual sites. To deal with this problem an approach has been used that involves merging the compositions at the M2 and M3 sites and applying the site-total-charge method. The merged-site approach allows end-member formulae to be obtained directly from the chemical analysis without the need to conduct crystal-structure refinements to obtain the individual site species. Copyright

Bridging the gap: The St. Cloud Somali community’s view of illness and disease in a Western society & its effects on patient care

In this ethnographic study, we looked at how the Somali people view illness and disease in a Western society. In addition, we looked at how differing views and cultural practices affected their treatment and interpretation of Western medicine. Due to the ongoing increase of Somali people in the United States, this topic is important in showcasing the difficulties that newcomers face when it comes to medicine and how these experiences shape their view of Western medicine. These difficulties include language barriers and cultural differences. Our main focus was on the St. Cloud area due to its close proximity to the College of Saint Benedict and the fact that Minnesota has the highest percentage of Somali people in the U.S. The study involved interviews from the director of English Learners at Discovery Community Elementary School, doctors at the St. Cloud Hospital emergency department and within the CentraCare clinic system, a Somali community health worker, and Somali college students

Source attribution, prevalence and enumeration of Campylobacter spp. from retail liver

Funding Information: We thank Food Standards Agency, Scotland for funding this work.Peer reviewedPreprin

Methylation panel is a diagnostic biomarker for Barrett’s oesophagus in endoscopic biopsies and non-endoscopic cytology specimens

Objective Barrett’s Oesophagus is a premalignant condition that occurs in the context of gastro-oesophageal reflux. However, most Barrett’s cases are undiagnosed because of reliance on endoscopy. We have developed a non-endoscopic tool; the Cytosponge™ which when combined with TFF3 immunohistochemistry can diagnose Barrett’s. We investigated whether a quantitative methylation test that is not reliant on histopathological analysis could be used to diagnose Barrett’s oesophagus. Design Differentially methylated genes between Barrett’s and normal squamous oesophageal biopsies were identified from whole methylome data and confirmed using MethyLight PCR in biopsy samples of squamous oesophagus, gastric cardia and Barrett’s oesophagus. Selected genes were then tested on Cytosponge™ BEST2 trial samples comprising a pilot cohort (n=20 cases, n=10 controls) and a validation cohort (n=149 cases, n=129 controls). Results Eighteen genes were differentially methylated in patients with Barrett’s compared to squamous controls. Hypermethylation of TFPI2, TWIST1, ZNF345 and ZNF569 was confirmed in Barrett’s biopsies compared with biopsies from squamous oesophagus and gastric cardia (p<0.05). When tested in Cytosponge™ samples these four genes were hypermethylated in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus compared to patients with reflux symptoms (p<0.001). The optimum biomarker to diagnose Barrett’s was TFPI2 with a sensitivity and specificity of 82.2% and 95.7 % respectively. Conclusion TFPI2, ZNF345 and ZNF569 CpG methylation has promise as a diagnostic biomarker panel for Barrett’s when used in combination with a simple and cost effective non-endoscopic cell collection device.The BEST2 study was funded by Cancer Research UK (C14478/ A12088). RCF receives core funding from the Medical Research Council. The study received infrastructure support from the Cambridge Human Research Tissue Bank, which is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre

4-[4-(Heptyloxy)benzoyloxy]phenyl 2-oxo-7-trifluoromethyl-2 H

The title compound, C(31)H(27)F(3)O(7), is a liquid crystal and exhibits enanti­otropic SmA and nematic phase transitions. In the crystal, the the 2H-chromene ring system makes dihedral angles of 54.46 (17) and 7.79 (16)°, respectively, with the central benzene ring and 4-(hept­yloxy)benzene ring. The three F atoms of the –CF(3) group are disordered over two sets of sites, with an occupancy ratio of 0.62 (3):0.38 (3). The crystal structre features two pairs of C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which form inversion dimers and generate R (2) (2)(10) and R (2) (2)(30) ring patterns. C—H⋯O inter­actions along [100] and C—H⋯π inter­actions futher consolidate the packing, leading to a three-dimensional network

Polarisation of equine pregnancy outcome is associated with a maternal MHC class I allele

Identification of risk factors which are associated with severe clinical signs can assist in the management of disease outbreaks and indicate future research areas. Pregnancy loss during late gestation in the mare compromises welfare, reduces fecundity and has financial implications for horse owners. This retrospective study focussed on the identification of risk factors associated with pregnancy loss among 46 Thoroughbred mares on a single British stud farm, with some but not all losses involving equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection. In a sub-group of 30 mares, association between pregnancy loss and the presence of five common Thoroughbred horse haplotypes of the equine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) was assessed. This involved development of sequence specific, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions and in several mares, EHV-1 specific, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Of the 46 mares, 10 suffered late gestation pregnancy loss or neonatal foal death, five of which were EHV-1 positive. Maternal factors including age, parity, number of EHV-1 specific vaccinations and the number of days between final vaccination and foaling or abortion were not significantly associated with pregnancy loss. In contrast, a statistically significant association between the presence of the MHC class I B2 allele and pregnancy loss was identified, regardless of the fetus / foal’s EHV-1 status (p=0.002). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a significantly positive association between pregnancy loss in Thoroughbred mares and a specific MHC class I allele in the mother. This association requires independent validation and further investigation of the mechanism by which the mare’s genetic background contributes to pregnancy outcome

Self-relevance enhances evidence gathering during decision-making

Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPostprin