Colchicine and Related Compounds

A new synthesis of dibenzcycloheptatrienes has been developed. The method provides a route to derivatives unsymmetrically substituted in the lateral nuclei and is based upon the stepwise oxidation of the appropriate 9- or 10-methyl phenanthrenes. Thus 2:3:4:7-tetramethoxy-10-methyl phenanthrene has been oxidised to 9:12:13:14-tetramethoxy-3:4:5:6-dlbenzcyclohepta-1:3:5-trien-7-one which has been shown, by direct comparison, to be identical with a degradation product of colchicine, isolated by Barton, Cook and Loudon. Accordingly the dibenzcycloheptatriene structure of certain colchicine degradation products has been synthetically established. In an attempt to elucidate the aromatisation of colchiceine, the bromination of this primary hydrolysis product has been re-investigated. A weakly acidic bromo-derivative obtained in this manner is isomeric with tribromo-colchiceine and apparently distinct from the tribromo-carboxylic acid described by Windaus. Methylation of this compound has afforded a methyl ether (or ester), isomeric with tribromo-colchicine

Gold mining and land-use change in the Brazilian Amazon

Summary (En)Thesis (Ph.D. in Geography) - University of Edinburgh (UK

Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 2009

2009 - 2010 Meeting Date Calendar 2010 Annual Luncheon & Meeting Notice Officers, Committee Chairs, Satellite and Volunteers Bulletin Publication Committee The President\u27s Message Treasurer\u27s Report Resume of Minutes Office News Committee Reports Annual Giving Contributors Letter to Alumni Janet C. Hindson Award Janet C. Hindson Award Qualifications 2009 Janet C. Hindson\u27s Nominees 2009 Janet C. Hindson\u27s Recipient\u27s Acceptance Speech TJUH\u27s MAGNET Award Our MAGNET Journey News About and From Our Graduates JSN Nursing Alumni Celebration; 117 years of Nursing Education Memories Ballad O\u27Brien Happy Birthday- To Be 80 or More Luncheon Pictures 50th Anniversary Class List for 1959 2009 Luncheon Reservations 50th Anniversary Class List for 1960 Love Ya Lorraine In Memoriam, Names of Deceased Graduates Class News - 2009 Additional Information - Pins, Transcript and Address Information Application For Nurses\u27 Scholarship Fund Certification Reimbursement Application Application For Relief Trust Fund Benefits List of Hotels Campus Map Change of Address Form - Donations - Information Change

Making first-year tutorials count

This article reports the design and effects of a practical, pedagogic experiment motivated by the wish to encourage greater ‘active learning’ in first-year tutorials along with a range of other learning skills, in particular the practice of ‘good’ argumentation. The project has its roots in a formal accredited programme in teaching and learning that provided frameworks for thinking about how to change the assessment regime and in a measure of dissatisfaction with the existing, ‘conventional’ organization of the tutorial as a site of learning. The aim was to create an environment in which the students prepared thoroughly for each tutorial, engaged in challenging discussion, and reflected on what and how they were learning. The method employed was to centre the assessment regime on the tutorial itself in conjunction with frequent and rapid feedback on student work

Socio-Economic Inequality in Young People’s Financial Capabilities

Previous research has shown that the UK has low levels of financial literacy by international standards, particularly among those in lower socio-economic groups. This may have an impact upon young people, with social inequalities in financial attitudes, behaviours and skills perpetuating across generations. Using parent-child linked survey data from 3,745 UK families, we find sizeable socio-economic inequalities in young people’s financial capabilities, aspects of their mindset, and their financial behaviours. Sizeable differences are also observed in the financial education that socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged children receive at school, and how they interact with their parents about money. Parental interactions can account for part of the socio-economic gap in money confidence, money management, financial connections, and financial behaviours, but less so in boosting financial abilities. However, we find no evidence of differences in financial education in schools driving differences in young people’s financial capabilities

Magnetic field generation by pointwise zero-helicity three-dimensional steady flow of incompressible electrically conducting fluid

We introduce six families of three-dimensional space-periodic steady solenoidal flows, whose kinetic helicity density is zero at any point. Four families are analytically defined. Flows in four families have zero helicity spectrum. Sample flows from five families are used to demonstrate numerically that neither zero kinetic helicity density, nor zero helicity spectrum prohibit generation of large-scale magnetic field by the two most prominent dynamo mechanisms: the magnetic $\alpha$-effect and negative eddy diffusivity. Our computations also attest that such flows often generate small-scale field for sufficiently small magnetic molecular diffusivity. These findings indicate that kinetic helicity and helicity spectrum are not the quantities controlling the dynamo properties of a flow regardless of whether scale separation is present or not.Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures, 54 reference

The port of Bristol in the second half of the eighteenth century: An examination of the organisational structure of the port pertaining to the management and operation of its shipping with special reference to ships trading with the West Indies and America.

In comparison to the amount of research that has been carried out on Royal Navy affairs and its ports and dockyards, few studies have been done on the day to day operations of merchant shipping and civilian ports, especially in the eighteenth century. This thesis attempts to partly redress this by examining at depth the workings of the Port of Bristol and its shipping in this period, using contemporary records where they have survived and a system of cross-referencing where they have not. The physical structure and amenities of the port were subject to close examination, not only to establish whether they were suitable for their purpose, but to observe the effectiveness of the systems that were in place regarding their use. Similarly, the deposition of shipping in the port was scrutinised to establish whether or not it contributed to the recognised problem of congestion at the port. The reality was that the facilities and systems put in place by the managers of the port, the Society of Merchant Venturers, were mainly effective but they could not overcome the adverse conditions set by the port having one of the highest ranges of tide in the world. However, there was another factor and that was the perspectives of the users of the port, the shipowners and merchants of the city. It was established that Bristol shipowners still adhered to the traditional system of owning ships as an element of a merchant’s business interests rather than in their own right, and this meant that there was little flexibility in both ways of working and the areas ships traded to, with the result that the facilities of the port were subjected to seasonal inundations contributing to congestion. The management of the ships involved in the most important trade of the port, the West Indian, was examined at all levels and they and their crews were far from being used to their full potential. In effect the conservative attitude to trade of the Bristol merchant was exacerbating the fundamental problem of the port, its unmanageable tides