5,644 research outputs found
Numerical Investigation of Second Mode Attenuation over Carbon/Carbon Surfaces on a Sharp Slender Cone
We have carried out axisymmetric numerical simulations of a spatially
developing hypersonic boundary layer over a sharp 7-half-angle cone
at inspired by the experimental investigations by Wagner (2015).
Simulations are first performed with impermeable (or solid) walls with a
one-time broadband pulse excitation applied upstream to determine the most
convectively-amplified frequencies resulting in the range 260kHz -- 400kHz,
consistent with experimental observations of second-mode instability waves.
Subsequently, we introduce harmonic disturbances via continuous periodic
suction and blowing at 270kHz and 350kHz. For each of these forcing frequencies
complex impedance boundary conditions (IBC), modeling the acoustic response of
two different carbon/carbon (C/C) ultrasonically absorptive porous surfaces,
are applied at the wall. The IBCs are derived as an output of a pore-scale
aeroacoustic analysis -- the inverse Helmholtz Solver (iHS) -- which is able to
return the broadband real and imaginary components of the surface-averaged
impedance. The introduction of the IBCs in all cases leads to a significant
attenuation of the harmonically-forced second-mode wave. In particular, we
observe a higher attenuation rate of the introduced waves with frequency of
350kHz in comparison with 270kHz, and, along with the iHS impedance results, we
establish that the C/C surfaces absorb acoustic energy more effectively at
higher frequencies.Comment: AIAA-SciTech 201
Drift and Diffusion of Spins Generated by the Spin Hall Effect
Electrically generated spin accumulation due to the spin Hall effect is
imaged in n-GaAs channels using Kerr rotation microscopy, focusing on its
spatial distribution and time-averaged behavior in a magnetic field.
Spatially-resolved imaging reveals that spin accumulation observed in
transverse arms develops due to longitudinal drift of spin polarization
produced at the sample boundaries. One- and two-dimensional drift-diffusion
modeling is used to explain these features, providing a more complete
understanding of observations of spin accumulation and the spin Hall effect.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
An efficient user-oriented method for calculating compressible flow in an about three-dimensional inlets
A panel method is used to calculate incompressible flow about arbitrary three-dimensional inlets with or without centerbodies for four fundamental flow conditions: unit onset flows parallel to each of the coordinate axes plus static operation. The computing time is scarcely longer than for a single solution. A linear superposition of these solutions quite rigorously gives incompressible flow about the inlet for any angle of attack, angle of yaw, and mass flow rate. Compressibility is accounted for by applying a well-proven correction to the incompressible flow. Since the computing times for the combination and the compressibility correction are small, flows at a large number of inlet operating conditions are obtained rather cheaply. Geometric input is aided by an automatic generating program. A number of graphical output features are provided to aid the user, including surface streamline tracing and automatic generation of curves of curves of constant pressure, Mach number, and flow inclination at selected inlet cross sections. The inlet method and use of the program are described. Illustrative results are presented
Electrical spin protection and manipulation via gate-locked spin-orbit fields
The spin-orbit (SO) interaction couples electron spin and momentum via a
relativistic, effective magnetic field. While conveniently facilitating
coherent spin manipulation in semiconductors, the SO interaction also
inherently causes spin relaxation. A unique situation arises when the Rashba
and Dresselhaus SO fields are matched, strongly protecting spins from
relaxation, as recently demonstrated. Quantum computation and spintronics
devices such as the paradigmatic spin transistor could vastly benefit if such
spin protection could be expanded from a single point into a broad range
accessible with in-situ gate-control, making possible tunable SO rotations
under protection from relaxation. Here, we demonstrate broad, independent
control of all relevant SO fields in GaAs quantum wells, allowing us to tune
the Rashba and Dresselhaus SO fields while keeping both locked to each other
using gate voltages. Thus, we can electrically control and simultaneously
protect the spin. Our experiments employ quantum interference corrections to
electrical conductivity as a sensitive probe of SO coupling. Finally, we
combine transport data with numerical SO simulations to precisely quantify all
SO terms.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures (color), plus supplementary information 18 pages,
8 figures (color) as ancillary arXiv pd
Phonon driven spin distribution due to the spin-Seebeck effect
Here we report on measurements of the spin-Seebeck effect of GaMnAs over an
extended temperature range alongside the thermal conductivity, specific heat,
magnetization, and thermoelectric power. The amplitude of the spin-Seebeck
effect in GaMnAs scales with the thermal conductivity of the GaAs substrate and
the phonon-drag contribution to the thermoelectric power of the GaMnAs,
demonstrating that phonons drive the spin redistribution. A phenomenological
model involving phonon-magnon drag explains the spatial and temperature
dependence of the measured spin distribution.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Optimal probabilistic cloning and purification of quantum states
We investigate the probabilistic cloning and purification of quantum states.
The performance of these probabilistic operations is quantified by the average
fidelity between the ideal and actual output states. We provide a simple
formula for the maximal achievable average fidelity and we explictly show how
to construct a probabilistic operation that achieves this fidelity. We
illustrate our method on several examples such as the phase covariant cloning
of qubits, cloning of coherent states, and purification of qubits transmitted
via depolarizing channel and amplitude damping channel. Our examples reveal
that the probabilistic cloner may yield higher fidelity than the best
deterministic cloner even when the states that should be cloned are linearly
dependent and are drawn from a continuous set.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
The impact of horizontal heterogeneities, cloud fraction, and liquid water path on warm cloud effective radii from CERES-like Aqua MODIS retrievals
The impact of horizontal heterogeneities, liquid water path (LWP from AMSR-E), and cloud fraction (CF) on MODIS cloud effective radius (<i>r</i><sub>e</sub>), retrieved from the 2.1 μm (<i>r</i><sub>e2.1</sub>) and 3.8 μm (<i>r</i><sub>e3.8</sub>) channels, is investigated for warm clouds over the southeast Pacific. Values of <i>r</i><sub>e</sub> retrieved using the CERES algorithms are averaged at the CERES footprint resolution (∼20 km), while heterogeneities (<i>H</i><sub>σ</sub>) are calculated as the ratio between the standard deviation and mean 0.64 μm reflectance. The value of <i>r</i><sub>e2.1</sub> strongly depends on CF, with magnitudes up to 5 μm larger than those for overcast scenes, whereas <i>r</i><sub>e3.8</sub> remains insensitive to CF. For cloudy scenes, both <i>r</i><sub>e2.1</sub> and <i>r</i><sub>e3.8</sub> increase with <i>H</i><sub>σ</sub> for any given AMSR-E LWP, but <i>r</i><sub>e2.1</sub> changes more than for <i>r</i><sub>e3.8</sub>. Additionally, <i>r</i><sub>e3.8</sub>–<i>r</i><sub>e2.1</sub> differences are positive (<1 μm) for homogeneous scenes (<i>H</i><sub>σ</sub> < 0.2) and LWP > 45 gm<sup>−2</sup>, and negative (up to −4 μm) for larger <i>H</i><sub>σ</sub>. While <i>r</i><sub>e3.8</sub>–<i>r</i><sub>e2.1</sub> differences in homogeneous scenes are qualitatively consistent with in situ microphysical observations over the region of study, negative differences – particularly evinced in mean regional maps – are more likely to reflect the dominant bias associated with cloud heterogeneities rather than information about the cloud vertical structure. The consequences for MODIS LWP are also discussed
Observation of coherent electroproduction on deuterons at large momentum transfer
The first experimental results for coherent -electroproduction on the
deuteron, , at large momentum transfer, are reported. The
experiment was performed at Jefferson Laboratory at an incident electron energy
of 4.05 GeV. A large pion production yield has been observed in a kinematical
region for 1.11.8 GeV, from threshold to 200 MeV excitation energy
in the system. The -dependence is compared with theoretical
predictions.Comment: 26 page
The effect of bedrest on various parameters of physiological function. part xii- the effect of bedrest on bone mass and calcium balance
Bed rest effect on various parameters of physiological functions - bone mass and calcium balanc
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