Génétique des populations de Chrysomela lapponica (Coleoptera :chrysomelidae) en Europe :évolution de la défense des larv es en fonction de leurs plantes-hote

Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Genetic differentiation among European samples of the arctic-alpine leaf beetle, Chrysomela lapponica

SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A case of zootherapy with the tarantula <it>Brachypelma vagans </it>Ausserer, 1875 in traditional medicine of the Chol Mayan ethnic group in Mexico

Abstract Background In practically every human culture, the use of arthropods as medicinal resources has been reported. In Mexico, the Mayan people mainly use plants but occasionally also animals and minerals in their medicine. This article is the first to report the traditional use of the tarantula Brachypelma vagans by medicine men in the Chol community, an ancient indigenous group that inhabits the southeastern part of Mexico. We also describe the utility of such arachnids in traditional medicine. Methods This study was carried out in different Chol communities in the states of Chiapas and Campeche (southeastern Mexico) from 2003 until 2007. We interviewed the local medicine men, patients and non-Chol people in each village visited to collect information about the rituals involved and the effectiveness of this traditional medicine and also their opinion of this traditional medicine. Results In all independent villages, the people who present an illness called 'aire de tarantula' or tarantula wind with symptoms including chest pain, coughing and asthma, were treated by the medicine man (called 'hierbatero') with a tarantula-based beverage. From village to village, the beverage has a similar base composition but some variations occur in additional ingredients depending on the individual medicine man. Like in all traditional Mayan medicine, the ritual of the ceremony consists of drinking the tarantula-based beverage and this is principally accompanied by chants and burning of incense. Conclusions The recipe of the tarantula-based beverage and the procedure of this ritual ceremony were fairly constant in all the villages visited. Our work shows that despite the tarantula's bad image in several cultures, in others positive use is made of these spiders, as in modern medicine.</p

Chemically mediated burrow recognition in the Mexican tarantula Brachypelma vagans female

International audienc

Apparent influences of host plant distribution on the structure and the genetic variability of local populations of the Purple Clay (Diarsia brunnea).

International audienc

Between introgression events and fragmentation, islands are the last refuge for the American crocodile in Caribbean Mexico.

International audienc

Genetic structure of Mexican lionfish populations in the southwest Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.

The recent expansion of the invasive lionfish throughout the Western Hemisphere is one of the most extensively studied aquatic invasions. Molecular studies have improved our understanding of larval dispersal, connectivity, and biogeographical barriers among lionfish populations, but none have included Mexican localities, an important area for the larval dispersal of Pterois volitans through the Western Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Here, we present a genetic analysis of lionfishes collected along Mexican coasts, examining their connectivity with other Caribbean localities (Belize, Cuba, Puerto Rico) and the role of ocean currents on population structure. We collected 213 lionfish samples from seven locations comprising four countries. To evaluate genetic structure, mitochondrial control region and nuclear inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used. We found that lionfish collected along Mexican coasts show a similar haplotype composition (H02 followed by H01 and H04) to other Caribbean locations, and the H03 rare haplotype was not found. Haplotype composition in the southwest Gulf of Mexico suggests a discontinuity between the southern and northern areas of the Gulf of Mexico. The southern area clustered more strongly to the Caribbean region, and this is supported by the complexity of water circulation in the semi-enclosed region of the Gulf of Mexico. Mitochondrial genetic diversity parameters show small values, whereas nuclear markers produce medium to high values. Only nuclear markers highlighted significant genetic differentiation between the southwest Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region, confirming a phylogeographic break between both regions. Separate analysis of Caribbean locations indicates restricted larval exchange between southern and northern regions of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, potentially in response to regional oceanographic circulation

ISSR (Inter simple Sequence Repeats) as molecular markers to study genetic diversity in tarantulas (Arancae, Mygalomorphae)

International audienc

Crotalus ehecatl Carbajal-Márquez & Cedeño-Vázquez & Martínez-Arce & Neri-Castro & Machkour- M'Rabet 2020, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Crotalus ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;Figs. 7&ndash;8, Table 3&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus culminatus&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Heimes (2016): 439 (in part);&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus simus&mdash;&lt;/i&gt; Savage &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (2005): 370; W&uuml;ster &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;. (2005): 1097 (Fig.1), 1103; Heimes (2016): 470 (in part), 492 (Fig. 619), 518 (Map 186).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus simus simus&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Campbell &amp; Lamar (2004): 584 (Fig. 212; Map 109), 586, Plate 956.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus durissus durissus&lt;/i&gt; &mdash; Klauber (1941): 61, 64, 65, 67, 71; Smith &amp; Taylor (1950): 348; Armstrong &amp; Murphy (1979): 10; McCranie (1993): 577.2 (Map 1), 577.5.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Holotype.&lt;/b&gt; Adult male (ECO-CH-H-3778) collected on 22 October of 2016 by Jorge Arturo Hidalgo Garc&iacute;a, in San Jos&eacute; Tintonishac (16.29366&deg;, 91.961840&deg;; 1504 m asl), Las Margaritas, state of Chiapas, Mexico.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Paratypes.&lt;/b&gt; Six specimens, all from Mexico. Chiapas: Juvenile female (ECO-CH-H-3777) collected 08 October of 2016 by J.A. Hidalgo Garc&iacute;a, in San Jos&eacute; Tintonishac (16.2941&deg;, -91.95931 &deg;; 1497 m asl), municipality of Las Margaritas; juvenile female (ECO-CH-H-3776) collected on 24 September of 2015 by T. Ram&iacute;rez Valverde and R.A. Carbajal M&aacute;rquez, at 12.2 km west of Chiapa de Corzo (16.706618&deg;, -92.896292 &deg;; 1071 m asl), municipality of Chiapa de Corzo. Oaxaca: adult female (SDSNH-24383) and adult male (MCZ-R-27819) collected on 1929 by W. W. Brown Jr., at San Pedro Tepanatepec (16.368660 &deg;, - 94.193445&deg;; 63 m asl), municipality of San Pedro Tepanatepec; collected on July 1927 by W.W. Brown Jr., at San Pedro Tepanatepec (16.368660&deg;, - 94.193445&deg;; 63 m asl), municipality of San Pedro Tepanatepec. Adult female (MCZ-R-27821) collected July 1927 by Wilmot W. Brown Jr., at San Pedro Tepanatepec (16.368660&deg;, - 94.193445&deg;; 63 m asl), municipality of San Pedro Tepanatepec. Adult male (MCZ-R-46485) collected on January 1942 by W. Barker near Santo Domingo Tehuantepec (16.324765&deg;, -95.238529&deg;; 52 m asl), municipality of Santo Domingo Tehuantepec.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; A rattlesnake belonging to the &lt;i&gt;Crotalus durissus&lt;/i&gt; species complex, characterized as other species by a prominent vertebral process and conspicuous scale tuberculations. The distribution range of &lt;i&gt;C. ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; closely approaches to those of &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C. simus&lt;/i&gt;, and to a lesser extent to &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Crotalus ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; can be distinguished from all members of the &lt;i&gt;Crotalus durissus&lt;/i&gt; species complex by exclusive combination of the following characters: paravertebral stripes of two scale rows, usually paravertebral stripes with light center on the nape, length of paravertebral stripes of 22 scales, 31 dorsal body blotches, intercanthal scales in 18.7% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16) of specimens, interpreocular scale in 50% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16) of specimens, first infralabial scale divided in 18.7% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16), postrostral scale in 12.5% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16), usually 1 postsupraloreal scale, contact between lacunal and supralabial scales in 56.2% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16) of specimens, postocular stripe of three scales, usually with light center, contact between paravertebral stripes and supraocular scales in 68.7% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16) of specimens, and a dark prefrontal bar interrupted in 93.7% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =16) of specimens.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Comparisons.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; is most closely related to species of the northern clade (&lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;) of the &lt;i&gt;Crotalus durissus&lt;/i&gt; species complex, and is distinguished from these species by having 168&ndash;186 (mode=181) ventral scales in males, 177&ndash;187 (mode=187) in females; number of subcaudal scales 27&ndash;32 (mode=31) in males, 21&ndash;26 (mode=24) in females (vs. 25&ndash;32 [28] males, 20&ndash;25 [22] females in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus,&lt;/i&gt; and 27&ndash;32 [28] males, 20&ndash;26 [23] females in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;); mid-dorsal scale rows 27&ndash;31 (mode=27) (vs. 27&ndash;33 [29] in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); width of paravertebral stripe of two scales, usually with light center in the nape (vs. three commonly with light center in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and usually one in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); intercanthal scales present in 18.7% (vs. absent in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 60% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); first infralabial scales divided in 18.7% (vs. no divided in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 56% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); postrostral scale present in 12.5% (vs. absent in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 44% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); prenasal-supralabial scales contact in 93.7% (vs. present in 100% in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 80% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); interpreocular scale present in 50% (vs. absent in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 20% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); usually three anterior intersupraocular scales (vs. usually two in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;); presupraloreal sometimes present (vs. absent in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;); one or two postloreal scales sometimes present (vs. absent in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;); usually one postsupraloreal scale (vs. usually absent in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and two in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); superciliar scale absent (vs. present in 20.8% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); lacunal-supralabial scales contact in 56.2% (vs. 68% in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt; and 16.6% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); post-ocular stripe of three scales in width and usually with a light center (vs. 3.0&ndash;3.5 scales width and usually light center in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and three scales width and faded coloration in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); usually 31 (25&ndash;31) dorsal body blotches in males (vs. usually 24 [23&ndash;27] in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 26 [22&ndash;30] in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); in females 30 (25&ndash;30) (vs. usually 23 [22&ndash;26] in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 27 [26&ndash;31] in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); contact between paravertebral stripes and supraoculars in 68.7% (vs. 97% in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 24% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;); and the prefrontal bar interrupted in 93.7% (vs. 100% in &lt;i&gt;C. mictlantecuhtli&lt;/i&gt;, and 96% in &lt;i&gt;C. culminatus&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;i&gt;Crotalus ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; is distinguished from &lt;i&gt;C. simus&lt;/i&gt; by higher number of ventral scales 168&ndash;186 (181) vs. 170&ndash;177 (170), less number of scales length of paravertebral stripe 9&ndash;33 (22) vs. 20&ndash;39 (27), intercanthal scales present in 18.7% (vs. presence of 10%), first infralabial scale divided in 18.7% (vs. not divided), postrostral scale present in 12.5% (vs. absent), contact between prenasal and first supralabial scale of 93.7% (vs. contact of 100%), interpreocular scale present in 50% (vs. absent), usually three (2&ndash;5) anterior intersupraoculars (vs. usally two [2&ndash;4]), superciliar scale absent (vs. rarely present), contac between lacunal and supralabial sales of 56.2% (vs. not contact), postocular stripe of three scales with light center (vs. three scales and faded), tertiary blotches not conspicuous (vs. conspicuous), paravertebral stripes often with light center only in the nape (vs. without light center), contact of paravertebral stripes with supraoculars of 68.7% (vs. contact of 80%), prefrontal bar interrupted in 93.7% (vs. interrupted in 90%).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description of the holotype.&lt;/b&gt; SVL 1204 mm, TL 105 mm, head length 51 mm, head width 32.6 mm; middorsal scale rows 27, mid-tail scale rows 10, rattle fringe scales 10; ventrals 168, subcaudals 27; supralabials 14&ndash;15, infralabials 13&ndash;16; rostral slightly higher than wide; internasals two equally wider than long; canthal one on either side; intercanthals three, with seven scales in the internasal-prefrontal area; anterior intersupraoculars five + six; suture between intersupraoculars and canthals not evident; supraoculars the largest scales of the head scales; pre- and postnasals approximately equal in size; nostril mostly contained in the postnasal; prenasals contact first supralabials; prefoveals seven; lacunals contact the third supralabials; infraloreal, supraloreal and postsupraloreal present on both sides; upper preocular larger; lower preocular contacts loreal; interpreocular absent; five scales below center of the eye, between the orbit and the edge of the lip; mental triangular; first infralabial of the left side divided; genials long, intergenials and submentals absent.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; is not brightly patterned, usually having less contrast between the dark brown-black blotches and yellow-brown interspaces. Head yellow cream above, dark brown internasals and prefrontal bar interrupted encompassing the canthals and anterior edges of intersupraoculars and supraoculars; dark brown, near black paravertebral stripes do not reach the posterior edge of supraoculars, with three to five scale width in the nape, and light center; diagonal dark brown postocular bars of three scales wide, not conspicuous as the paravertebrals, with light center; sides of the head yellow cream, with a brown spot beneath and posterior of the loreal pit; underside of the head immaculate cream. Pattern of the body consist of a pair of dark brown, near black paravertebral stripes 16 scales length, two scales wide, separated by a dark yellow buff stripe of three scales wide, somewhat lighter than the lateral scales; first row of scales below each paravertebral buff, lighter than the lateral scales; 29 black dorsal dia- monds, sharper posteriorly and somewhat truncated anteriorly, each one bordered by a cream white scale and light brown center, a secondary blotch associated in each side, below the lateral angle of the primary, comprised of four to five scales and same color, tertiary blotches between secondary blotches not conspicuous; lateral areas between diamonds punctated with light brown; toward the tail, the pattern becomes obscure; tail dark gray above and buff below, with crossbands slightly evident.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Color in life.&lt;/b&gt; Color in life varies with adult specimens presenting low contrast between blotches and interspaces, although some are more contrasting (Fig. 8).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Variation.&lt;/b&gt; Largest male 1653 mm in total length (UTA-R 51456; see Campbell &amp; Lamar 2004), and female 1180 mm SVL, 85 mm TL (MCZ-R 27821); ventrals 168&ndash;186 (mode=181; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 6) in males, 177&ndash;187 (mode=187; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 8) in females; subcaudals 27&ndash;32 (mean=31; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 6) in males, 21&ndash;26 (mean=24; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 9) in females; midbody scale rows 27&ndash;31 (mode=27; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =15); width of paravertebral stripe 1&ndash;3 (mode=2; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 15); length of the paravertebral stripe 9&ndash;33 (mode=22; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 15); one supraloreal, one infraloreal and one postsupraloreal in all examined specimens; contact between lacunal and supralabial scales (&lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 9), or no contact (&lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 6); dorsal body blotches 25&ndash;31 (mode=31; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; =6) in males, 25&ndash;30 (mode=30; &lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 9) in females; contact between paravertebral stripes and posterior edge of supraoculars (&lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 11), or no contact (&lt;i&gt;n=&lt;/i&gt; 5). We refer to Table 3 for variation in additional quantitative and qualitative features.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; The specific epithet &ldquo; &lt;i&gt;ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; &rdquo;, derives from the Nahuatl word &ldquo; &lt;i&gt;Eh&emacr;catl&lt;/i&gt; &rdquo; and means &ldquo;The wind&rdquo; or &ldquo;Lord of the wind&rdquo;. In Mexican mythology (Aztec), &lt;i&gt;Eh&eacute;catl&lt;/i&gt; is the god of the wind. It is usually interpreted as one of the manifestations of &lt;i&gt;Quetzalc&oacute;atl&lt;/i&gt;, the feathered serpent, taking the name of &lt;i&gt;Eh&eacute;catl-Quetzalc&oacute;atl&lt;/i&gt;, appearing in the breath of living beings and in the breezes that bring the clouds with rain for the sowings. His breath starts the movement of the Sun, and brings life to what is inert. Also, he clears the way for &lt;i&gt;Tl&aacute;loc&lt;/i&gt;. The species name is used as an invariable noun in apposition to the generic name. We suggested the vernacular name: Tehuantepec Isthmus Neotropical rattlesnake.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Habitat and distribution.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Crotalus ehecatl&lt;/i&gt; inhabits mostly open dry areas with rocky outcrops in tropical deciduous forest and seasonal rain forest along the Pacific versant of Mexico from central-south Oaxaca, southward across the Tehuantepec Isthmus to west of Tonal&aacute;, Chiapas, almost reaching the Central Valleys in Oaxaca, and in the Grijalva River basin reaching Comit&aacute;n, Chiapas, from 0&ndash;1585 m asl. This species is known from the state of Oaxaca, and Chiapas, and may range to southeastern Veracruz, and eastern Huehuetenango, Guatemala (Fig. 4).&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén Alonso, Cedeño-Vázquez, José Rogelio, Martínez-Arce, Arely, Neri-Castro, Edgar &amp; Machkour- M'Rabet, Salima C., 2020, Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species, pp. 451-481 in Zootaxa 4729 (4)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 465-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.4.1, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3753396"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/3753396&lt;/a&gt

Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species

Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén Alonso, Cedeño-Vázquez, José Rogelio, Martínez-Arce, Arely, Neri-Castro, Edgar, Machkour- M'Rabet, Salima C. (2020): Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4729 (4): 451-481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.4.