Food Value Of Mealworm Grown On Acrocomia Aculeata Pulp Flour

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Insects have played an important role as human food throughout history, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America. A good example of edible insects is the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), which are eaten in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. This species is easily bred in captivity, requiring simple management. The bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd) is an abundant palm tree found in the Brazilian Cerrado, providing fruits with high nutritional value. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of T. molitor grown in different artificial diets with bocaiuva pulp flour. The nutritional composition, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, trypsin activity and anti-nutritional factors of larvae were analyzed. The results showed that mealworms grown on artificial diet with bocaiuva are a good source of protein (44.83%) and lipid (40.45%), with significant levels of unsaturated fatty acids (65.99%), antioxidant activity (4.5 uM Trolox/g of oil extracted from larvae) and absence of anti-nutritional factors. This study indicates a new source of biomass for growing mealworms and shows that it is possible to breed mealworms in artificial diet with bocaiuva flour without compromising the nutritional quality of the larvae. © 2016 Alves et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.113CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Insecticidal Effect Of Labramin, A Lectinlike Protein Isolated From Seeds Of The Beach Apricot Tree, Labramia Bojeri, On The Mediterranean Flour Moth, Ephestia Kuehniella

The objective of this work was to study the insecticidal effect of labramin, a protein that shows lectinlike properties. Labramin was isolated from seeds of the Beach Apricot tree, Labramia bojeri A. DC ex Dubard (Ericales: Sapotaceae), and assessed against the development of the Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an important pest of stored products such as corn, wheat, rice, and flour. Results showed that labramin caused 90% larval mortality when incorporated in an artificial diet at a level of 1% (w/w). The presence of 0.25% labramin in the diet affected the larval and pupal developmental periods and the percentage of emerging adults. Treatments resulted in elevated levels of trypsin activity in midgut and fecal materials, indicating that labramin may have affected enzymeregulatory mechanisms by perturbing peritrophic membranes in the midgut of is. kuehniella larvae. The results of dietary experiments with E. kuehniella larvae showed a reduced efficiency for the conversion of ingested and digested food, and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost. These findings suggest that labramin may hold promise as a control agent to engineer crop plants for insect resistance. © This is an open access paper. 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A review on their potentialities as bioinsecticides (2002) Toxicon, 40 (11), pp. 1515-1539. , DOI 10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00240-4, PII S0041010102002404Coelho, M.B., Marangoni, S., Macedo, M.L.R., Insecticidal action of Annona coriacea lectin against the flour moth Anagasta kuehniella and the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (2007) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - C Toxicology and Pharmacology, 146 (3), pp. 406-414. , DOI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2007.05.001, PII S1532045607001354Eisemann, C.H., Donaldson, R.A., Pearson, R.D., Cadagon, L.C., Vacuolo, T., Tellman, R.L., Larvicidal activity of lectins on Lucilia cuprina: Mechanism of action (1994) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 72, pp. 1-11Fabre, C., Causse, H., Mourey, L., Koninkx, J., Riviere, M., Hendriks, H., Puzo, G., Rouge, P., Characterization and sugar-binding properties of arcelin-1, an insecticidal lectin-like protein isolated from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Cv. 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Insecticidal Action Of Annona Coriacea Lectin Against The Flour Moth Anagasta Kuehniella And The Rice Moth Corcyra Cephalonica (lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Annona coriacea lectin (ACLEC) was tested for insecticidal activity against larvae of two pyralid moths, Anagasta kuehniella and Corcyra cephalonica. ACLEC produced ∼ 50% mortality and mass loss in A. kuehniella larvae when incorporated into an artificial diet at levels of 1.5% and 1.0% (w/w), respectively. In contrast, the inclusion of up to 2% ACLEC in the diet did not significantly decrease the survival or weight of C. cephalonica larvae. The nutritional indices for A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica suggested that ACLEC had a multi-mechanistic mode of action and was an antifeedant for both insects. The toxicity in A. kuehniella apparently resulted from a change in the gut membrane environment and consequent disruption of digestive enzyme recycling mechanisms. Affinity chromatography showed that ACLEC bound to midgut proteins of A. kuehniella and C. cephalonica. However, the 14 kDa subunit of ACLEC was not digested by midgut proteases of A. kuehniella, but was degraded by the corresponding C. cephalonica proteases within a few hours. These findings suggest the possibility of using ACLEC to engineer crop plants. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1463406414Bandyopadhyay, S., Roy, A., Das, S., Binding of garlic (Allium sativum) leaf lectin to the gut receptors of a homopteran pest is correlated to its insecticidal activity (2001) Plant Sci., 161, pp. 1025-1033Bradford, M.M., A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein using the principle of protein-dye binding (1976) Anal. Biochem., 72, pp. 248-254Brunelle, F., Cloutier, C., Michaud, M., Colorado potato beetles compensate for tomato cathepsin D inhibitor expressed in transgenic potato (2004) Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol., 55, pp. 103-113Carlini, C.R., Grossi-de-Sá, M.F., Plant toxic proteins with insecticidal properties. 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Effect Of Pouterin, A Protein From Pouteria Torta (sapotaceae) Seeds, On The Development Of Anagasta Kuehniella (lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Larvae of the Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuehniella Zeller) cause major losses in stored grains throughout the world. In this study, pouterin, a lectin-like protein isolated from Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. seeds, was tested for activity against A. kuehniella larvae. Pouterin did not produce significant effects on survival; however, at c. 1% w/w concentration in artificial diet, it produced a 71.4% reduction in average weight of the larvae. A dietary utilisation assay showed a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food and approximate digestibility, as well as an increase in metabolic cost. Pouterin increased the level of trypsin in the midgut and faeces of larvae. 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