Determination of the Representative Socioeconomic Level by BSA in the Mexican Republic

The aim of this article is to determine the socioeconomic level (SEL) with disaggregation of the Basic Statistical Area (BSA) in the Mexican Republic. The methodology used is the one established by the Mexican Association of Market Research Agencies (AMAI) along with the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). The Clustering of the BSAs was carried out according to variables contained in the Population and Housing Census of 2010, through Gaussian mixture models, learning neural networks and finally, by defining the labels corresponding to each SEL. We found the existence of a representative SEL for each BSA. In addition, the definition of each socioeconomic level shows good results with an average of 90.86% of correctly labeled elements

Identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from opossum (Didelphis virginiana) lymph nodes and characterisation of lesions

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of NTM in the lymph nodes of opossums (D. virginiana) and to characterise the microscopic changes in affected tissue. Retropharyngeal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were collected postmortem from 18 opossums in the state of Colima, Mexico in 2013. The lymph nodes were also cultured for mycobacterial organisms and processed for histopathological examination. Bacteriological cultures yielded 5/18X100 (28%) isolates of NTM, which were subsequently identified as M. terrae, M. szulgai, M. gastri and M. asiaticum. Microscopic examination of the affected nodes revealed a necrotic granulomatous lymphadenitis (3/60%) composed of histiocytes, epithelioid cells and giant cells with intralesional alcoholresistant acid bacteria. An association between the sex of the opossum and the presence of NTM was observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of NTM isolation in opossums with granulomatous lymphadenitis in Mexico

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Factores Socio-Políticos que limitan el aprovechamiento turístico del Cacao en el distrito de Chazuta

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se recopila toda la información necesaria y conveniente para demostrar la realidad actual en la que se encuentra el distrito de Chazuta en temas turísticos, levantando una información cercana a la realidad a base de encuestas realizadas a los pobladores del distrito y de las entrevistas realizadas a los actores directos del turismo en el distrito para su desarrollo. Se describe las experiencias que vive las comunidades que optaron por el desarrollo turístico, considerándolo así como una actividad central, por sus ingresos favorables que reciben estas localidades receptoras y de cómo esta actividad se convierte en un canalizador para la inclusión social. Esta investigación lleva como objeto de estudio el aprovechamiento turístico del cacao y de cuáles son sus limitaciones para su desarrollo en el distrito de Chazuta, en la que se plantea que dichas limitaciones son el desinterés de las autoridades, la limitada cultura turística de sus pobladores y la deficiente desorganización de las asociaciones de cacao; comprobándose mediante el análisis de la tabulación de los resultados de las encuestas aplicadas en un cuadro o gráfico ilustrativo. Ante dicho problema se plantea una una propuesta en donde se resalta la importancia de capacitar y sensibilizar a los actores involucrados en la actividad turística y de cómo implementar a los fundos de plantaciones de cacao para estar aptos de recibir a los visitantes nacionales y extranjeros; para la elaboración de esta propuesta se recopiló información de fuentes indirectas como páginas de internet y referencias bibliográficas que hace mención a temas relacionados al trabajo de investigación, esta investigación plantea una alternativa para el turismo en la región San Martín diversificando así el producto turístico de la región. Es por ello que la necesidad de ahondar en la investigación de este tema, que involucra comunidades y hace presenciar la importancia de manejar lineamientos para su buen desarrollo y de cómo generar una gestión turística sustentable en la localidad de estudio.TesisIn the present investigation, all information necessary and appropriate to show the current situation in which the district is located in Chazuta tourism issues is collected, raising an information closer to reality based on surveys of residents of the district and interviews with the direct actors of tourism in the district to develop. Experiences living communities opted for tourism development, considering it as a core activity, for its favorable income received these receptor sites and how this activity becomes a conduit for social inclusion is described. This research takes as a case study tourism development of cocoa and what their limitations for development in the district of Chazuta, in which it is stated that such limitations are the lack of authorities, limited tourist culture of its people and poor disorganization of cocoa associations; comprobándose by analyzing the tabulation of the results of the surveys in a picture or graphic illustration. Before that problem over a proposal in which the importance of training and awareness among stakeholders in tourism and how to deploy to the estates of cocoa plantations to be eligible to receive domestic and foreign visitors is highlighted arises; for the preparation of this proposal as indirect information sources and websites that mention references to related topics at research was compiled, this research suggests an alternative for tourism in the region San Martin diversifying the tourism product of the region. That is why the need for further investigation of this topic , involving communities and makes witness the importance of handling guidelines for the proper development and how to build a sustainable tourism management in the area of study

Productivity of Holstein dairy cows without shade at two seasons of the year

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effect of season on the productivity of Holstein dairy cows in a commercial herd, 10 cows were assigned to one of two treatments, cows in winter (Inv) and cows in summer (Ver). The study lasted 70 days (d) divided into two periods of five weeks, respectively. The data were collected three times per week. The animals were under the same diet in both seasons, from an integral ration based on concentrate, alfalfa hay, and corn silage. The maximum temperature-humidity index was 70 and 75 units during the winter and summer, respectively. The cows in winter had lower (P<0.05) milk production, respiratory rate and rectal temperature than summer cows. The temperatures on the right flank and buttock area in winter cows were lower (P<0.05), with respect to summer cows. Drinking water, floor, and environment temperatures through the black bulb were consistently lower (P<0.05) during the winter season with respect to summer. Summer cows showed mild heat stress and increased 24 % plus milk yield than winter cows, but did not improve milk quality. The use of shades during the summer can improve the physiological status milk quality in lactating dairy cows.RESUMEN Con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de época sobre la productividad de vacas lecheras Holstein, 10 vacas fueron asignadas a uno de dos tratamientos, vacas en invierno (Inv) y vacas en verano (Ver). El estudio tuvo una duración de 70 días (d) divididos en dos periodos de cinco semanas, respectivamente. Los datos fueron colectados tres veces por semana. Los animales fueron alimentados bajo el mismo régimen alimenticio en ambas épocas, a partir de una ración integral a base de concentrado, heno de alfalfa y silo de maíz. El índice de temperatura-humedad máximo fue de 70 y 75 unidades durante el invierno y verano, respectivamente. Las vacas Inv tuvieron menor producción de leche (P<0.05), tasa respiratoria y temperatura rectal que vacas Ver. Las temperaturas de costado derecho y nalga en vacas Inv fueron menores (P<0.05), respecto a vacas Ver (P<0.05). Las temperaturas de agua de bebida, piso y ambiental a través del bulbo negro fueron consistentemente menores (P<0.05) durante la época de invierno con respecto al verano. Las vacas Ver presentaron estrés calórico ligero e incrementaron 24% más la producción de leche respecto a vacas Inv, pero no mejoraron la calidad en leche. El uso de sombras durante el verano, puede mejorar el estado fisiológico y calidad de la leche en vacas lecheras en lactación

Determinación de ácidos grasos no esterificados, β-hidroxibutirato, triacilgliceroly colesterol durante el balance energético negativo en vacas Holstein

The aim of this study was to quantify the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol and cholesterol during the negative energy balance in Holstein cows. The study was carried out by sampling and analyzing 250 blood serums obtained from 50 Holstein cows. After calving, the first sample was performed at 7 d, the second at 15 d and the remaining three at 30, 45 and 60 d. Mean values for non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol were calculated. The resulting data set was analyzed by Gaussian distribution and descriptive statistics. Confidence intervals of 95% were established. The comparison between groups was assessed by Analysis of Variance and frequency histogram. The non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and triacylglycerol are consistent with values reported by international literature. Higher values were found for cholesterol. The AGNE did not present differences between groups. The β-hydroxybutyrate showed its highest concentration at 15 d postpartum and the lowest at 60 d postpartum. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol showed their highest concentration at 60 d postpartum, and the lowest at 15 d postpartum. The calculated confidence intervals could be used at herd level to detect alert situations when at least 5 % of the sampled cows would fall outside of the calculated reference interval for a given parameterEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue cuantificar la concentración de ácidos grasos no esterificados, β- hidroxibutirato, triacilglicerol y colesterol durante el balance energético negativo, en vacas Holstein. El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante el muestreo y análisis de 250 sueros sanguíneos obtenidos de 50 vacas Holstein. Después del parto, el primer muestreo se realizó a los 7 d, el segundo a los 15 d y los tres restantes a los 30, 45 y 60 d. Valores medios para ácidos grasos no esterificados, β-hidroxibutirato, triacilglicerol y colesterol fueron determinados. El conjunto de datos resultante se analizó mediante distribución de Gauss y estadística descriptiva. Se establecieron intervalos de confianza del 95%. La comparación entre grupos se llevó a cabo por Análisis de Varianza e histograma de frecuencia. Los ácidos grasos no esterificados, el β-hidroxibutirato y el triacilglicerol, son consistentes con los valores reportados internacionalmente. La concentración de colesterol mostró un valor ligeramente superior a las referencias. Los AGNE no presentaron diferencias entre grupos, el β-hidroxibutirato registró su valor más alto a los 15 d posparto, y más bajo a los 60 d posparto. El triacilglicerol y colesterol mostraron su concentración más alta a los 60 d posparto, y la más baja a los 15 d posparto. Los intervalos de confianza calculados se podrían utilizar a nivel hato para detectar situaciones de alerta cuando al menos 5 % de las vacas en la muestra se sitúen fuera del intervalo de referenci

Efectos de un probiótico y de la densidad sobre el comportamiento productivo de alevines de tilapia del nilo (oreochromis niloticus)

180 - [email protected]

Efecto de un probiótico en pollos de engorda

The effect of a probiotic lactic acid bacteria based (LAB), administered in drinking water on production parameters of broilers was determined. Broilers were used, males and females with four treatments; T1 (males with LAB), T2 (control male), T3 (female with LAB) and T4 (control female). The experiment lasted for 35 days. An analysis of variance was used. The results show a higher body weight in the fourth and fifth week, in the treatments that received the probiotic in the drinking water compared with control groups. The administration of probiotics based on lactic acid bacteria of gender Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pediococcus acidilacticii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inactivated, improve body weight during the production of broilersSe determinó el efecto de un probiótico a base de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) administradas en el agua de bebida sobre los parámetros de producción del pollo de engorda. Se utilizaron pollos de engorda machos y hembras con cuatro tratamientos; T1 (Machos con BAL), T2 (Machos testigo), T3 (Hembras con BAL), T4 (Hembras testigo). El experimento tuvo una duración de 35 días. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza. Los resultados muestran un mayor peso corporal en la cuarta y quinta semana, en los tratamientos que recibieron el probiótico en el agua de bebida comparado con los grupos controles. La administración de probióticos a base de bacterias ácido lácticas del género Lactobacillus acidophilus y Pediococcus acidilacticii y Saccharomyces cerevisiae inactivado, mejora los pesos corporales durante el periodo de producción de los pollos de engorda

Memoria del segundo congreso internacional sobre paz, democracia y desarrollo.

Los textos presentados reflejan el espíritu del encuentro que los reunió. Juntos expresan un ejercicio de interdisciplinariedad, pluralidad, debate de ideas, y difusión de diferentes puntos de vista, sobre temas relacionados con la cultura de paz, la violencia, el desarrollo y la democracia. Y contribuyen a la comprensión sobre los límites, heterogeneidades y lagunas del proceso de instauración y consolidación de las instituciones democráticas de los países de América Latina. También analizan la marginación, la desigualdad, la inequidad, la violencia, la inseguridad cotidiana y otros asuntos relacionados con la falta de recursos y opciones para los habitates de la región