1,271 research outputs found
The Credibility of Cabo Verdeâs Currency Peg
This paper studies the credibility of the currency peg of Cape Verde (CV) by assessing the impact of economic fundamentals, our explanatory variables, on the stochastic properties of Exchange Market Pressure (EMP), the dependent variable, using EGARCH-M models. Our EMP descriptive analysis finds a substantial reduction in the number of crisis episodes and of (unconditional) volatility after the pegâs adoption. Moreover, our estimation results suggest that mean EMP is driven by fundamentals and that conditional variability is more sensitive to negative shocks. We also find evidence that the expected return from holding CVâs assets is lower under the currency peg for the same increase in monthly volatility. The reason is that the returnâs composition is âmore virtuousâ, as it results from the strengthening of CVâs foreign reserve position and is not due to either a larger risk premium or favourable exchange rate movements. We take this to be a sign of the credibility of the peg, which apparently reflects the intertemporal credibility of CVâs economic policy and so has successfully withstood international marketsâ scrutiny.
Exchange market pressure and the credibility of Macau's currency Board
In this study, we assess the credibility of the currency board arrangement (CBA) of the Macau Special Administrative Region by studying the relationship between exchange market pressure (EMP) and the anchors of a rule-based CBA, namely, interest rate arbitrage, exchange rate arbitrage and economic discipline. A pure CBA signals its credibility by allowing the first two anchors to function automatically and by pursuing sound fiscal policies. The analysisâ results suggest that Macauâs CBA has been characterised by a state of low volatility since late 1992, with the brief exception of the East Asian financial crisis period. The paperâs main finding is that fiscal fundamentals seem to have a more pronounced role in reducing EMPâs variability during periods of low volatility whilst interest rate arbitrage is more important in periods of high volatility. We conclude that Macauâs CBA is credible at present as reflected in the low frequency of observed EMP, in the narrowing of Macauâs interest rate differential vis-Ă -vis U.S. interest rates and in Macauâs substantial fiscal reserves.
Exchange Market Pressure in African Lusophone Countries
This paper explores the credibility of exchange rate arrangements for the five African Portuguese-speaking (PALOP) countries. Our working hypothesis is that credibility necessarily implies low mean exchange market pressure (EMP), low EMP conditional volatility and low-severity EMP crises. In addition, economic fundamentals must account for EMP dynamics. We also seek evidence of a risk-return relationship for mean EMP and of âbad newsâ (negative shocks) having a greater impact on EMP volatility than âgood newsâ (positive shocks). Using our econometric models, we are able to rank PALOP countriesâ conditional volatility in ordinal terms. Our main conclusion is that countries with currency pegs, such as Guinea-Bissau (GB) and Cape Verde (CV), clearly have lower volatility when compared to those with managed floats and are therefore more credible. Moreover, EMP crises episodes under pegs are much less severe. We find that economic fundamentals correctly account for mean EMP in all countries and that the risk-return relationship is much more favourable for investors under currency pegs, as the increase in volatility is lower for the same rate of return. The exception to this finding is Mozambique (MOZ), which apparently has a risk-return profile akin to that enjoyed by countries with pegs. A plausible reason is that MOZ has the only managed float in our sample implementing monetary and exchange rate policy within the confines of an IMF framework, which establishes floors for international reserves and ceilings for the central bankâs net domestic assets. This intuition needs to be tested, however. EMP conditional volatility is generally driven by changes in domestic credit (lowers it) and foreign reserve changes (raises it). The first effect is more pronounced under currency pegs, but also under MOZâs managed float. âBad newsâ increases volatility more that âgood newsâ only in the case of CVâs currency peg, which we take to be another sign of its credibility. A few striking cross-country comparisons also emerge in our analysis. Among countries with managed floats, we find that Angola (ANG) has the most severe EMP crises whilst MOZ has the least severe. SĂŁo TomĂ© & PrincĂpe (STP), meanwhile, lies between these two extremes but its EMP crises behaviour is clearly much closer to that of MOZ. STPâs credibility may also be improving since its volatility has declined as of 2002 and its level is now much closer to that of MOZ, whose managed float has lowest volatility of such arrangements.
Holographic quenches and anomalous transport
We study the response of the chiral magnetic effect due to continuous
quenches induced by time dependent electric fields within holography.
Concretely, we consider a holographic model with dual chiral anomaly and
compute the electric current parallel to a constant, homogeneous magnetic field
and a time dependent electric field in the probe approximation. We explicitly
solve the PDEs by means of pseudospectral methods in spatial and time
directions and study the transition to an universal "fast" quench response.
Moreover, we compute the amplitudes, i.e.,~residues of the quasi normal modes,
by solving the (ODE) Laplace transformed equations. We investigate the
possibility of considering the asymptotic growth rate of the amplitudes as a
well defined notion of initial time scale for linearized systems. Finally, we
highlight the existence of Landau level resonances in the electrical
conductivity parallel to a magnetic field at finite frequency and show
explicitly that these only appear in presence of the anomaly. We show that the
existence of these resonances induces, among others, a long-lived AC electric
current once the electric field is switched off.Comment: 34 pages, 10 figure
Ultralight boson cloud depletion in binary systems
Ultralight scalars can extract rotational energy from astrophysical black
holes through superradiant instabilities, forming macroscopic boson clouds.
This process is most efficient when the Compton wavelength of the boson is
comparable to the size of the black hole horizon, i.e. when the "gravitational
fine structure constant" . If the black
hole/cloud system is in a binary, tidal perturbations from the companion can
produce resonant transitions between the energy levels of the cloud, depleting
it by an amount that depends on the nature of the transition and on the
parameters of the binary. Previous cloud depletion estimates considered
binaries in circular orbit and made the approximation . Here we
use black hole perturbation theory to compute instability rates and decay
widths for generic values of , and we show that this leads to much
larger cloud depletion estimates when . We also study
eccentric binary orbits. We show that in this case resonances can occur at all
harmonics of the orbital frequency, significantly extending the range of
frequencies where cloud depletion may be observable with gravitational wave
interferometers.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. v2: references added, matches published versio
Light rings as observational evidence for event horizons: long-lived modes, ergoregions and nonlinear instabilities of ultracompact objects
Ultracompact objects are self-gravitating systems with a light ring. It was
recently suggested that fluctuations in the background of these objects are
extremely long-lived and might turn unstable at the nonlinear level, if the
object is not endowed with a horizon. If correct, this result has important
consequences: objects with a light ring are black holes. In other words, the
nonlinear instability of ultracompact stars would provide a strong argument in
favor of the "black hole hypothesis," once electromagnetic or
gravitational-wave observations confirm the existence of light rings. Here we
explore in some depth the mode structure of ultracompact stars, in particular
constant-density stars and gravastars. We show that the existence of very
long-lived modes -- localized near a second, stable null geodesic -- is a
generic feature of gravitational perturbations of such configurations. Already
at the linear level, such modes become unstable if the object rotates
sufficiently fast to develop an ergoregion. Finally, we conjecture that the
long-lived modes become unstable under fragmentation via a
Dyson-Chandrasekhar-Fermi mechanism at the nonlinear level. Depending on the
structure of the star, it is also possible that nonlinearities lead to the
formation of small black holes close to the stable light ring. Our results
suggest that the mere observation of a light ring is a strong evidence for the
existence of black holes.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX
Elements of a methodology to assess the alignment of core-values in collaborative networks
Collaborative networks are typically formed by heterogeneous and autonomous entities, and thus it is natural that each member has its own set of core-values. Since these values somehow drive the behaviour of the involved entities, the ability to quickly identify partners with compatible or common core-values represents an important element for the success of collaborative networks. However, tools to assess or measure the level of alignment of core-values are lacking. Since the concept of 'alignment' in this context is still ill-defined and shows a multifaceted nature, three perspectives are discussed. The first one uses a causal maps approach in order to capture, structure, and represent the influence relationships among core-values. This representation provides the basis to measure the alignment in terms of the structural similarity and influence among value systems. The second perspective considers the compatibility and incompatibility among core-values in order to define the alignment level. Under this perspective we propose a fuzzy inference system to estimate the alignment level, since this approach allows dealing with variables that are vaguely defined, and whose inter-relationships are difficult to define. Another advantage provided by this method is the possibility to incorporate expert human judgment in the definition of the alignment level. The last perspective uses a belief Bayesian network method, and was selected in order to assess the alignment level based on members' past behaviour. An example of application is presented where the details of each method are discussed
A method to analyse the alignment of core values in collaborative networked organisations
Since collaborative networked organisations are usually formed by independent and heterogeneous entities, it is natural that each member holds his own set of values, and that conflicts among partners might emerge because of some misalignment of values. In contrast, it is often stated in literature that the alignment between the value systems of members involved in collaborative processes is a prerequisite for successful co-working. As a result, the issue of core value alignment in collaborative networks started to attract attention. However, methods to analyse such alignment are lacking mainly because the concept of 'alignment' in this context is still ill defined and shows a multifaceted nature. As a contribution to the area, this article introduces an approach based on causal models and graph theory for the analysis of core value alignment in collaborative networks. The potential application of the approach is then discussed in the virtual organisations' breeding environment context
- âŠ