Local ecological knowledge and its relationship with biodiversity conservation among two Quilombola groups living in the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil

Information on the knowledge, uses, and abundance of natural resources in local communities can provide insight on conservation status and conservation strategies in these locations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the uses, knowledge and conservation status of plants in two Quilombolas (descendants of slaves of African origin) communities in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil, Sao Sebastiao da Boa Vista (SSBV) and Sao Bento (SB). We used a combination of ethnobotanical and ecological survey methods to ask: 1) What ethnobotanical knowledge do the communities hold? 2) What native species are most valuable to them? 3) What is the conservation status of the native species used? Thirteen local experts described the names and uses of 212 species in SSBV (105 native species) and 221 in SB (96 native species). Shannon Wiener diversity and Pielou's Equitability indices of ethnobotanical knowledge of species were very high (5.27/0.96 and 5.28/0.96, respectively). Species with the highest cultural significance and use-value indexes in SSBV were Dalbergia hortensis (26/2.14), Eremanthus erythropappus (6.88/1), and Tibouchina granulosa (6.02/1); while Piptadenia gonoacantha (3.32/1), Sparattosperma leucanthum (3.32/1) and Cecropia glaziovii (3.32/0.67) were the highest in SB. Thirty-three native species ranked in the highest conservation priority category at SSBV and 31 at SB. D. hortensis was noteworthy because of its extremely high cultural importance at SSBV, and its categorization as a conservation priority in both communities. This information can be used towards generating sustainable use and conservation plans that are appropriate for the local communities.Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ecologia of Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)University of Hawaii at ManoaUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Dept Bot, Juiz De Fora, MG, BrazilUniv Hawaii Manoa, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USACtr Ensino Super Juiz de Fora, Dept Ciencias Biol, Juiz De Fora, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Fluminense, Dept Quim Organ, Niteroi, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Juiz de Fora, Dept Geog, Juiz De Fora, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

First-time Isolation of Flavonoids and Cytotoxic Potential of the Amazonian Shrub Ptychopetalum olacoides Benth

In the present study, three flavonoids, 3-O-methylquercetin (1), 3,4'-O-dimethylquercetin (2) and 3,7-O-dimethylquercetin (3) were isolated and characterized for the first time from a methanol extract obtained from the species Ptychopetalum olacoides. The structures of compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods (1D-, 2D-NMR, MS and UV) and confirmed by comparison with the respective literature data. The cytotoxic effect of crude extract was evaluated in vitro against three human cancer cell lines. The results showed a mild cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 45.16 mu g/mL) against breast cancer (MCF-7). However, crude extract did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect against normal cell human fibroblast (MRC-5).FAPERJCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Fluminense, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Campus Valonguinho, BR-24020141 Niteroi, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Para, Inst Ciencias Biol, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rural Rio de Janeiro, Dept Quim, BR-23897000 Seropedica, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Mar, BR-11070100 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Telessaúde Covid: caracterização sociodemográfica, clínico-epidemiológica e indicadores do telemonitoramento em Viçosa-MG

Em 2020, a Universidade Federal de Viçosa e a Gestão Municipal implementaram o projeto de extensão Telessaúde Covid para o enfrentamento da pandemia. O objetivo é fazer uma análise descritiva dos quatorze meses de atuação do projeto. Realizou-se análise descritiva da caracterização sociodemográfica, clínico-epidemiológica e indicadores do serviço. Foram atendidos 6.898 pacientes, predominando o gênero feminino e adultos jovens. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram cefaleia, tosse, coriza, dor de garganta, dor muscular e febre. O RT-PCR foi o teste realizado pela maioria e 31,6% dos pacientes foram positivos. O serviço concluiu o encerramento de 91,5% dos atendimentos. O Telessaúde Covid foi relevante para o contingenciamento da Covid-19, com número expressivo de atendimentos, e contemplou a missão social da universidade pública, transformando o modelo assistencial e reorientando o processo de formação e ação profissional de estudantes e profissionais de saúde

Atividades antibacteriana contra Gardnerella vaginalis, anti-inflamatória e antiproliferativa in vitro de extratos de folhas de Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvaceae)

Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvaceae) leaves, known as cotton, have been used for vaginal discharge treatment. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the major etiology. BV is a complex infection, involving a wide variety of anaerobes, being Gardnerella vaginailis the most incident. BV increases the amount of vaginal discharge, causing epithelial cells’ lysis, it can cause, also, preterm delivery (PTD) and other complications during pregnancy, as well. PTD mechanism is not totally known, but the inflammation of fetal membranes is one accepted theory. The present work evaluated 1) antimicrobial against G. vaginalis, 2) cytotoxicity against Artemia salina, 3) cell viability of health (3T3) and cancer (MCF7) cells and 4) anti-inflammatory evaluating cytokines (IL-17, TNF- e INF-) and NO activities of crude extracts and semi-purified fractions of G. barbadense leaves. Moreover, the chromatographic profile of crude extracts and semi-purified fractions were evaluated by TLC, HPLC-DAD and GC-MS. A flavonoid was isolated, being elucidated as a replaced quercetin, probably in hydroxyl group of carbon 3, by NMR 1H, COSY and HSQC. Flavonoids were abundant in polar extracts and fractions, and fatty acids and terpenoids were abundant in nonpolar ones. Polar and nonpolar compounds were observed in dichloromethane fraction (DMF) of methanol crude extract (MCE). MCE and DMF showed a expressive activity against G. vaginalis and the synergism between flavonoids and nonpolar substances appear to be crucial. MCE and DMF do not show cytotoxicity against A. salina, and with the hexane fraction (HF) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of MCE showed an increase in cell viability of 3T3. Aqueous crude extract and DMF reduced the cell viability of MCF7. A most promising anti-inflammatory activity was presented by hexanic crude extract. Other crude extracts showed a less intense activity. G. barbadense leaves extracts and semi-purified fractions, chiefly MCE and DMF, presented good potential for future in vivo studies seeking the confirmation of these activities in complex biological systems.Folhas de Gossypium barbadense L. (Malvaceae), conhecido como algodoeiro, são utilizadas popularmente para o tratamento de corrimento vaginal. A principal etiologia é a vaginose bacteriana (VB). VB é uma infecção complexa, na qual várias bactérias anaeróbias estão presentes, sendo a de maior incidência Gardnerella vaginalis. VB causa o aumento do corrimento vaginal, lise de células epiteliais vaginais, podendo causar parto prematuro (PPM), e outras complicações durante a gravidez. O mecanismo de PPM não está totalmente elucidado, porém uma proposta bem aceita é a de inflamação das membranas fetais. No presente trabalho avaliaram-se as atividades de extratos brutos e frações semi-purificadas de folhas de G. barbadense: 1) contra G. vaginalis, 2) citotóxica contra Artemia salina, 3) na viabilidade celular de células saudáveis (3T3) e cancerosas (MCF7) e 4) antiinflamatória no perfil de citocinas (IL-17, TNF- e INF-) e NO. Além disso, foi realizado o perfil cromatográfico dos extratos e frações semi-purificadas em CCD, CLAE-DAD e CG-EM e o isolamento de um flavonoide que foi identificado utilizandose RMN 1H, COSY e HSQC como sendo uma quercetina com substituição na hidroxila do carbono 3. Os extratos e frações polares mostram-se ricos em flavonoides, enquanto os apolares mostraram-se ricos em terpenoides e ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados. A fração diclorometânica (FDM) do extrato bruto metanólico (EBM) apresentou substâncias dos extratos polares e apolares. EBM e FDM apresentaram atividade expressiva contra G. vaginalis, aparentemente devido ao sinergismo entre flavonoides e substâncias apolares. EBM e FDM não apresentaram citotoxicidade contra A. salina e, em conjunto com as frações hexânica (FH), e em acetato de etila de EBM (FAE), apresentaram aumento da viabilidade de 3T3 e o extrato bruto aquoso e FDM reduziram a de MCF7. O extrato bruto hexânico (EBH) apresentou melhor atividade anti-inflamatória. Os demais extratos apresentaram menor atividade. Extratos e frações de folhas de G. barbadense, principalmente EBM e FDM, apresentam potencial para futuros estudos in vivo visando a confirmação das atividades em sistemas biológicos complexos.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Local ecological knowledge and its relationship with biodiversity conservation among two <i>Quilombola</i> groups living in the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil

<div><p>Information on the knowledge, uses, and abundance of natural resources in local communities can provide insight on conservation status and conservation strategies in these locations. The aim of this research was to evaluate the uses, knowledge and conservation status of plants in two Quilombolas (descendants of slaves of African origin) communities in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil, São Sebastião da Boa Vista (SSBV) and São Bento (SB). We used a combination of ethnobotanical and ecological survey methods to ask: 1) What ethnobotanical knowledge do the communities hold? 2) What native species are most valuable to them? 3) What is the conservation status of the native species used? Thirteen local experts described the names and uses of 212 species in SSBV (105 native species) and 221 in SB (96 native species). Shannon Wiener diversity and Pielou’s Equitability indices of ethnobotanical knowledge of species were very high (5.27/0.96 and 5.28/0.96, respectively). Species with the highest cultural significance and use-value indexes in SSBV were <i>Dalbergia hortensis</i> (26/2.14), <i>Eremanthus erythropappus</i> (6.88/1), and <i>Tibouchina granulosa</i> (6.02/1); while <i>Piptadenia gonoacantha</i> (3.32/1), <i>Sparattosperma leucanthum</i> (3.32/1) and <i>Cecropia glaziovii</i> (3.32/0.67) were the highest in SB. Thirty-three native species ranked in the highest conservation priority category at SSBV and 31 at SB. <i>D</i>. <i>hortensis</i> was noteworthy because of its extremely high cultural importance at SSBV, and its categorization as a conservation priority in both communities. This information can be used towards generating sustainable use and conservation plans that are appropriate for the local communities.</p></div

<i>Dalbergia hortensis</i> Heringer & al.

<p>(A) = Apical region with inflorescences, (B and E) = Detailed inflorescences, (C) = Detailed Stalk, (D) = detailed leaves.</p

Scoring criteria used to determine conservation priority species.

<p>Adapted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0187599#pone.0187599.ref018" target="_blank">18</a>].</p

São Sebastião da Boa Vista community.

<p>A: View about a community; B: Church of São Sebastião da Boa Vista; C and D: Common style house in the community.</p

Aerial overview of the communities.

<p>A: São Sebastião da Boa Vista; B: São Bento.</p