Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

Risk-reducing hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in female heterozygotes of pathogenic mismatch repair variants: a Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database report

Purpose To determine impact of risk-reducing hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) on gynecological cancer incidence and death in heterozygotes of pathogenic MMR (path_MMR) variants. Methods The Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database was used to investigate the effects of gynecological risk-reducing surgery (RRS) at different ages. Results Risk-reducing hysterectomy at 25 years of age prevents endometrial cancer before 50 years in 15%, 18%, 13%, and 0% of path_MLH1, path_MSH2, path_MSH6, and path_PMS2 heterozygotes and death in 2%, 2%, 1%, and 0%, respectively. Risk-reducing BSO at 25 years of age prevents ovarian cancer before 50 years in 6%, 11%, 2%, and 0% and death in 1%, 2%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Risk-reducing hysterectomy at 40 years prevents endometrial cancer by 50 years in 13%, 16%, 11%, and 0% and death in 1%, 2%, 1%, and 0%, respectively. BSO at 40 years prevents ovarian cancer before 50 years in 4%, 8%, 0%, and 0%, and death in 1%, 1%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. Conclusion Little benefit is gained by performing RRS before 40 years of age and premenopausal BSO in path_MSH6 and path_PMS2 heterozygotes has no measurable benefit for mortality. These findings may aid decision making for women with LS who are considering RRS.Hereditary cancer genetic

A comparison between prosecutorial decision-making in Scotland and England and Wales An analysis of the workings of prosecution offices in the Fiscal Service and the Crown Prosecution Service

In 2 vols.SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:D197314 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Impaired functional recovery after stroke in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat

<p><b>Background and Purpose:</b> To identify if the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) exhibits impaired functional recovery after stroke compared with its normotensive reference strain, the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> In study 1, a 2-mm distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (middle cerebral artery occlusion) was performed in both strains and recovery assessed using a 33-point neurological score. Because SHRSPs displayed much larger infarcts than WKYs, study 2 and study 3 involved extending the length of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the WKY to increase the volume and distribution of infarction to comparable levels with SHRSP. Animals were assessed with the neurological score, tapered beam walk, and cylinder tests.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> In study 1, infarct volume (expressed as a percent of contralateral hemisphere) was WKY 13.1&#177;3% and SHRSP 19.8&#177;1%. Initial neurological deficit was greater (WKY 25&#177;1, SHRSP 22&#177;1, out of a possible 33) and subsequent recovery was poorer in SHRSP. In studies 2 and 3, infarct volume and distribution (study 2, WKY 21.8&#177;1.3%, SHRSP 22.9&#177;3%; study 3, WKY 17.2&#177;2%, SHRSP 16.5&#177;3%) and initial neurological deficit at 2 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion (study 2 WKY 23&#177;1, SHRSP 22&#177;2; study 3 WKY 25&#177;1 and SHRSP 23&#177;1; mean&#177;SEM) were comparable between strains. However, whereas WKY recovered toward normal scores, SHRSP scored significantly lower 2 weeks (study 2) and 4 weeks (study 3) after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Beam walk data revealed long-term impairment in SHRSP contralateral limb use, compared with WKY, at days 3, 7, and 28 (P&#60;0.05).</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> SHRSP exhibit impaired functional recovery after stroke compared with WKY.</p

Kiwifruit allergy: actinidin is not a major allergen in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND: Actinidin has previously been reported as the major allergen in kiwifruit. Objectives To investigate the relevance of actinidin in a well-characterized population of UK patients with kiwifruit allergy. METHODS: To identify the allergens in kiwifruit, using Western blots, we examined the IgE-binding patterns of 76 patients with a history of kiwifruit allergy, 23 of who had had a positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. In addition, IgE binding to purified native actinidin was studied in 30 patients, and to acidic and basic isoforms of recombinant actinidin in five patients. Inhibition of IgE binding to kiwifruit protein extract by purified native actinidin was investigated by both inhibition immunoblots and inhibition ELISAs using pooled sera. RESULTS: Twelve protein bands in kiwifruit protein extract were bound by IgE. A protein band with a molecular weight of 38 kDa was the major allergen recognized by 59% of the population. IgE did not bind to actinidin in the kiwifruit protein extract, or to purified native or recombinant forms of actinidin during Western blotting. Pooled sera bound to kiwifruit protein extract but not purified actinidin on ELISA, and pre-incubating sera with actinidin did not inhibit IgE binding to kiwifruit protein extract on immunoblot or ELISA. CONCLUSION: A novel 38 kDa protein, not actinidin, is the major allergen in this large study population. Identification of major allergens in one patient group is therefore not necessarily reproducible in another; therefore, major allergens should not be defined until there is a sufficient body of data from diverse geographical and cultural populations

Galeaclolusite, [Al 6 (AsO 4 ) 3 (OH) 9 (H 2 O) 4 ]⋅8H 2 O, a new bulachite-related mineral from Cap Garonne, France

Abstract Galeaclolusite, [Al 6 (AsO 4 ) 3 (OH) 9 (H 2 O) 4 ]⋅8H 2 O, is a new secondary hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from Cap Garonne, Var, France. It forms crusts and spheroids of white fibres up to 50 μm long by 0.4 μm wide and only 0.1 μm thick. The fibres are elongated along [001] and flattened on (100). The calculated density is 2.27 g⋅cm –3 . Optically, galeaclolusite is biaxial with α = 1.550(5), β not determined, γ = 1.570(5) (white light) and partial orientation: Z = c (fibre axis). Electron microprobe analyses coupled with crystal structure refinement results gives an empirical formula based on 33 O atoms of Al 5.72 Si 0.08 As 2.88 O 33 H 34.12 . Galeaclolusite is orthorhombic, Pnma , with a = 19.855(4), b = 17.6933(11), c = 7.7799(5) Å, V = 2733.0(7) Å 3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure of galeaclolusite was established from its close relationship to bulachite and refined using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data. It is based on heteropolyhedral layers, parallel to (100), of composition Al 6 (AsO 4 ) 3 (OH) 9 (H 2 O) 4 and with H-bonded H 2 O between the layers. The layers contain [001] spiral chains of edge-shared octahedra, decorated with corner-connected AsO 4 tetrahedra, that are the same as in the mineral liskeardite