1,217 research outputs found

    Self-employment in Brazil and its determinants: a spatial analysis

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    In this paper, we intend to identify some factors underlying the different rates of participation of self-employed workers in Brazilian municipalities. In contrast with previous analysis, our study is sensitive to the spatial dimension of self-employment in Brazil. Relying on geo-referenced data from areal units, our approach avoids the restrictive assumptions of independence between area effects. Two different approaches to spatial analysis are exploited, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) and Spatial Econometrics. We show that substantial geographical heterogeneity in rates of self-employment exists within Brazil. The results point to the presence of clusters of municipalities with similar rates of participation of self-employment in the economy. The fitting of a spatial lag model to the data demonstrates that significant part of variation in self-employment is explained by spatial dependence. In addition, the municipality's degree of urbanization, rate of employment in the secondary sector as well as GDP per capita among others, indeed influences its rate of self-employment. We conclude that spatial analysis can provide useful insights in analyzing self-employment in Brazil.Brazil; self-employment

    Can the consumption of Seeds, Leaves and Fruit Peels avoid the risk factors for Cardiovascular Disorders?

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    Changes in the feeding pattern of the population have recently led to a greater occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors that contribute to a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The presence of beneficial bioactive compounds in fruits and processed sub-products have proven to have a negative association with risk factors, such as blood pressure reduction, plasmatic lipoproteins control and increased resistance of LDL-c to oxidation, in addition to glycemic control and antioxidant effects. The aim of this review is to show that several studies have demonstrated many different chemical compounds in seeds, leaves and fruit peels, including their metabolic and physiologic effects on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. We reviewed the relevant literature by searching English-language publications in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo and Lilacs, and references from relevant articles published since 2010, especially in the last five years. Eighty-seven relevant articles were included

    Comparison between ability and performance: a study on the functionality of dependent elderly individuals

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    OBJETIVO: comparar la capacidad y el desempeño para la realización de las Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria en ancianos dependientes atendidos por el Centro de Referencia del Anciano. MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional, con abordaje cuantitativo. La Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF) fue aplicada en 109 ancianos atendidos en un Centro de Referencia del Anciano. De estos, 60 ancianos fueron clasificados como dependientes para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y fueron descritos de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de Funcionalidad Incapacidad y Salud (CIF). El proceso de triangulación reforzó la confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos, en el cual consideramos las informaciones de pacientes y acompañantes en conjunto con la ficha médica y evaluación objetiva. RESULTADOS: el promedio de edad fue de 81,0±7,1, con predominancia del género femenino. La diferencia entre la capacidad y el desempeño fue estadísticamente significativa (pOBJETIVO: comparar a capacidade e o desempenho para a realização das Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária em idosos dependentes, atendidos pelo Centro de Referência do Idoso. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo transversal, observacional, com abordagem quantitativa. A Medida de Independência Funcional foi aplicada em 109 idosos atendidos em um Centro de Referência do Idoso. Desses, 60 idosos foram classificados como dependentes para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária e descritos de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. O processo de triangulação reforçou a fidedignidade dos dados obtidos, no qual se consideram as informações de pacientes e acompanhantes, em conjunto com o prontuário e avaliação objetiva. RESULTADOS: a média de idade foi de 81,0±7,1, com predominância do sexo feminino. A diferença entre a capacidade e o desempenho foi estatisticamente significativa (pOBJECTIVE: to compare the ability and performance of Basic Activities of Daily Living of dependent elderly individuals cared for in a geriatric healthcare center. METHOD: cross-sectional, observational study with quantitative approach. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was applied in 109 elderly individuals cared for in a geriatric healthcare center. Of these, 60 individuals were classified as dependent in the case of basic activities of daily living described according to the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health (ICF). The process of triangulation reinforced reliability of data, which included information provided by patients and caregivers and that contained in medical files and objective assessment. RESULTS: the average age was 81.0±7.1 with a predominance of women. The difference between ability and performance was statistically significant (

    Comparação entre a capacidade e desempenho: um estudo sobre a funcionalidade de idosos dependentes

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    OBJECTIVE: to compare the ability and performance of Basic Activities of Daily Living of dependent elderly individuals cared for in a geriatric healthcare center. METHOD: cross-sectional, observational study with quantitative approach. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was applied in 109 elderly individuals cared for in a geriatric healthcare center. Of these, 60 individuals were classified as dependent in the case of basic activities of daily living described according to the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health (ICF). The process of triangulation reinforced reliability of data, which included information provided by patients and caregivers and that contained in medical files and objective assessment. RESULTS: the average age was 81.0±7.1 with a predominance of women. The difference between ability and performance was statistically significant (pOBJETIVO: comparar a capacidade e o desempenho para a realização das Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária em idosos dependentes, atendidos pelo Centro de Referência do Idoso. MÉTODO: trata-se de estudo transversal, observacional, com abordagem quantitativa. A Medida de Independência Funcional foi aplicada em 109 idosos atendidos em um Centro de Referência do Idoso. Desses, 60 idosos foram classificados como dependentes para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária e descritos de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. O processo de triangulação reforçou a fidedignidade dos dados obtidos, no qual se consideram as informações de pacientes e acompanhantes, em conjunto com o prontuário e avaliação objetiva. RESULTADOS: a média de idade foi de 81,0±7,1, com predominância do sexo feminino. A diferença entre a capacidade e o desempenho foi estatisticamente significativa (pOBJETIVO: comparar la capacidad y el desempeño para la realización de las Actividades Básicas de la Vida Diaria en ancianos dependientes atendidos por el Centro de Referencia del Anciano. MÉTODO: se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional, con abordaje cuantitativo. La Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF) fue aplicada en 109 ancianos atendidos en un Centro de Referencia del Anciano. De estos, 60 ancianos fueron clasificados como dependientes para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y fueron descritos de acuerdo con la Clasificación Internacional de Funcionalidad Incapacidad y Salud (CIF). El proceso de triangulación reforzó la confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos, en el cual consideramos las informaciones de pacientes y acompañantes en conjunto con la ficha médica y evaluación objetiva. RESULTADOS: el promedio de edad fue de 81,0±7,1, con predominancia del género femenino. La diferencia entre la capacidad y el desempeño fue estadísticamente significativa (

    Tratamento da lipoatrofia facial associada ao HIV/AIDS: o impacto sobre a progressao da infeccao avaliada pela contagem de CD4 e carga viral

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    BACKGROUND:HIV/AIDS-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome includes changes in body fat distribution, with or without metabolic changes. The loss of fat from the face, called facial lipoatrophy, is one of the most stigmatizing signs of the syndrome.OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of FL treatment using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants on disease progression, assessed by viral load and CD4 cell count.METHODS:This was a prospective study of 44 patients treated from July 2009 to December 2010. Male and female patients, aged over 18 years, with clinically detectable FL and who had never been treated were included in the study. PMMA implantation was done to fill atrophic areas. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure viral load and CD4 count before and after treatment.RESULTS:Of the 44 patients, 72.72% were male and 27.27% female, mean age of 44.38 years. Before treatment, 82% of patients had undetectable viral load, which increased to 88.6% after treatment, but without statistical significance (p = 0.67). CD4 count before treatment ranged from 209 to 1293, averaging 493.97. After treatment, the average increased to 548.61. The increase in CD4 count after treatment was statistically significant with p = 0.02.CONCLUSION:The treatment of FL with PMMA implants showed a statistically significant increase in CD4 count after treatment, revealing the impact of FL treatment on disease progression. Viral load before and after treatment did not vary significantly.FUNDAMENTOS:A Síndrome Lipodistrófica Associada ao HIV/AIDS compreende alterações na distribuição da gordura corporal, acompanhada ou não de alterações metabólicas. A perda da gordura facial, chamada lipoatrofia facial, é dos sinais mais estigmatizantes da síndrome.OBJETIVOS:Avaliar o impacto do tratamento dalipoatrofia facial com implante de polimetilmetacrilato sobre a progressão da doença, avaliada pela contagem da carga viral e a contagem de células CD4.MÉTODOS:Estudo prospectivlipoatrofia facial clinicamente detectável e sem tratamento prévio. Foi realizado implante de polimetilmetacrilato para preenchimento das áreas atróficas. Foram realizadas contagem da carga viral e células CD4 antes e após o tratamento.RESULTADOS:Dos 44 pacientes, 72,72% eram do sexo masculino e 27,27% do feminino, e idade média de 44,38 anos. Antes do tratamento, 82% dos pacientes apresentavam carga viral indetectável, que aumentou para 88,6% após o tratamento, mas sem significância estatística (p=0,67). A contagem de CD4 antes do implante variou de 209 a 1293, com média de 493,97. Após o tratamento, essa média aumentou para 548,61. O aumento do CD4 após o tratamento foi estatisticamente significativo, com p=0,02.CONCLUSÃO:O tratamento dalipoatrofia facial com implante de polimetilmetacrilato levou ao aumento estatisticamente significativo da contagem de CD4, mostrando impacto do tratamento da LF sobre a evolução da doença. A carga viral antes e após tratamento não variou de maneira estatisticamente significativa.University of Brasilia Department of Health of the Federal DistrictFederal University of São PauloUNIFESPSciEL

    A escrita da história em Terra Sonâmbula de Mia Couto

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    The aim of this paper is to show how the novel Sleepwalking Land (1992), by the Mozambican writer Mia Couto, can be seen as an alternative version to historiography based on both the story that it actually tells and another one it silences about. For this, I consider Couto’s narrative as a kind of eyewitness testimony, as the novel may be regarded as the result of the writer’s need for “speaking out” after a sixteen-years long civil war (1976-1992) in his home country. I am thus interested in the reader (who replaces the listener here) to whom the author addresses his narrative in order to understand the intricacies of the story he writes. However, I’m also taking into account the position occupied by Mia Couto in the reality of his country. I realize that the author writes his version of history based on three interrelated trends: (i) the duty of memory, (ii) the construction of Africanness, and (iii) the perspective of future.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar de que forma o romance Terra Sonâmbula (1992), do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, constitui-se como versão alternativa à historiografia a partir da própria história que o romance conta e sobre a qual ele silencia. Para tanto, considero que a narrativa coutiana assume um viés testemunhal, pois exprimiria a necessidade da “fala” por parte do autor após dezesseis anos de guerra civil em Moçambique (1976-1992). Assim, interessa-me saber a que leitor (que aqui substitui o ouvinte) o autor dirige sua narrativa para compreender os meandros da história que ele escreve, levando também em consideração a posição ocupada por Mia Couto na realidade de seu país. Percebo que o autor escreve sua versão da história a partir de três tendências interligadas: (i) o dever de memória; (ii) a construção de uma africanidade; e (iii) a perspectiva do futuro

    Os impactos da abertura comercial sobre a remuneração relativa do trabalho no Brasil

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    The aim ofthis paper is to study the impacts oftrade liberalization on employment and workers' earnings in Brazil from 1985 to 1997. The main data source come from National Household Surveys (PNAD) accomplished by the Bureau of Statistics (IBGE). The theoretical referential is the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the StolperSamuelson theorem. The research shows that in Brazil there was not significant shift in the workers' relative employment or any relevant inequality of revenues deterioration, unlike observed in other Latin American countries

    Escolha ocupacional e transição no Brasil Metropolitano: uma análise com ênfase no setor informal

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    Este artigo investiga o setor informal - trabalhadores por conta própria e pequenos empregadores - em áreas metropolitanas brasileiras. Avalia-se quem são os indivíduos que se inserem como trabalhadores informais e verifica-se quem, dentre os informais, apresenta maior chance de sair do setor. Os resultados indicam que os mais escolarizados apresentam maior probabilidade de inserção como empregados sem carteira, desempregado ou inativo do que como informal. Quanto às transições, os resultados sugerem que o tempo do empreendimento é mais decisivo na permanência na informalidade relativamente aos atributos pessoais, e, a não ser por anos de estudo, há poucas diferenças entre homens e mulheres.This paper investigates the informal sector in Brazilian metropolitan areas. The objectives are to investigate personal attributes of the informal workers and to verify who of these workers make transition out of that occupation. The results for the first objective point that high-education individual has higher probability to be employee without a labor card, unemployed and inactive than informal worker. About transition, the results show that entrepreneurship time is more important than personal attributes on the probability of staying in the informal economy

    Attraction Of The Sand Fly Nyssomyia Neivai (diptera: Psychodidae) To Chemical Compounds In A Wind Tunnel

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    Background: Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. Methods: In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Results: Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females. Conclusion: Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractants.8International Foundation for Science (IFS) [F-4587-1
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