Julienne Gourvil, une domestique de campagne face à ses maîtres. Faits divers et déchéance sociale au xviiie siècle

En suivant les pas de la domestique Julienne Gourvil, Christian Kermoal offre un autre regard sur ses terres de prédilection que sont les campagnes trégoroises au tournant des xviiie et xixe siècles. L’approche sociale du politique, éprouvée à l’occasion de sa belle thèse sur les notables du Trégor, s’enrichit ici d’une démarche résolument micro-historique, l’auteur se référant au travail pionnier d’Alain Corbin sur Louis-François Pinagot. Les protagonistes dont il s’attache à restituer l’uni..

Claude Guillon, Robespierre, les femmes et la Révolution

C’est par le prisme du courant révolutionnaire des Enragés que l’essayiste Claude Guillon s’est emparé des questions de genre dans la Révolution française (Notre patience est à bout. 1792‑1793 Les écrits des Enragé(e)s, Éditions IMHO, 2017) et sa réflexion se poursuit depuis dans les pages très documentées de son blog historien (La Révolution & nous, https://unsansculotte.wordpress.com). Avec ce nouvel ouvrage, Robespierre, les femmes et la Révolution, l’auteur veut explorer la « politique d..

Effect of variant ovarian fluid on sperm performance and egg fertilization rates of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.)

Successful in vitro fertilization in aquaculture is highly dependent on the method used to handle or treat the eggs and milt. As such it is of paramount importance that timely evaluation of the methods is conducted to enhance hatchery productivity and reduce the cost of production. In this study, three methods of handling eggs of Arctic charr in Sweden were evaluated, with the objective of ascertaining the importance of retaining the ovarian fluid in the egg batch. Further, activation of fish sperms with a commercial activator, ActiFishᵀᴹ, was tested to compare the fertilization rates, in a bid to overcome the current low egg fertilization and hatching rates among farmed Arctic charr. Variation of the volumetric amount of the ovarian fluid did not yield dissimilar fertilization rates. As such, tempering with the volume of the ovarian fluid under the current study did not affect the performance of the sperms and consequent fertilization rates. Further, no differential fertilization rates were recorded for the sperm extender and freshwater. However, positive relationships were recorded for fertilization rate and sperm velocity (VCL). The study contends that high and successful fertilization rates are likely to be obtained with or without the ovarian fluids under in-vitro fertilization of Arctic charr eggs

Des Bretonnes en résistance : genre, religion et contestation politique

Les analyses de Michel Vovelle sur la déchristianisation en Provence ont nourri la réflexion sur la dynamique de « féminisation » de la pratique religieuse. Depuis, la mise en lumière du rôle actif des femmes dans les résistances religieuses de la Révolution a pu alimenter l’idée que la séquence révolutionnaire constitue un moment critique, marquant l’accélération de ce mouvement de féminisation.Cette conception d’un engagement plus intense des femmes pour défendre l’Église repose cependant sur une documentation et une littérature façonnées par des représentations de genre. Nous proposons de les questionner à nouveaux frais à partir d’une enquête de terrain inscrite dans une région, la Bretagne, associant ruralité, vitalité religieuse et refus de la Révolution. Les luttes religieuses bretonnes seront ainsi replacées dans le mouvement plus vaste des résistances à l’État révolutionnaire et analysées par l’angle du genre. Derrière la figure dominante et stéréotypée de « la fanatique », nous rechercherons non seulement le rôle des femmes, mais aussi celui des hommes, pour sonder plus avant les enjeux de leurs engagements.Michel Vovelle’s analyses of dechristianization in Provence have made it possible to think about the dynamics of the “feminization” of religious practice. Since then, the highlighting of a particularly active role of women in revolutionary religious riots stoked the idea that the Revolution constituted a critical moment, marking the acceleration of the “feminization” of devotion.This conception of a more intense engagement of women to defend the Church, however, is based on documentation and literature shaped by gender representations. Brittany, marked by a lasting religious dynamism and a powerful movement of rejection of the Revolution, is proving to be a rich field of study for examining the religious commitments during the Revolution anew. Brittany's religious conflicts will thus be placed within the wider field of resistance to the revolutionary state and analysed from a gender perspective. Beyond the dominant and stereotypical figure of the “fanatical woman”, the challenge is to examine not only the role of women but also that of men in religious resistance and to question the meaning of their commitment

A framework to address barriers to total quality management (TQM) adoption in the Zambian building sector.

The Zambian Buildings Sector (ZBS) has witnessed a significant growth in the number of building projects being undertaken at individual, corporate and government levels over the past decade. However, there has been a major outcry from clients (end-users) on the poor quality of buildings being constructed. Today, Total Quality Management (TQM) has been recognized as a successful management philosophy that can be implemented in construction to achieve quality. The objective of this study was to give insight on TQM practices, tools, techniques and highlight the barriers that affect successful adoption of TQM in ZBS. The study further proposed to develop a framework to address barriers to TQM adoption in construction projects, particularly buildings. A descriptive research approach was used to conduct this study. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey and unstructured semi-structured interviews while secondary data was obtained through a review of published literature. The questionnaire was piloted on 25 respondents to obtain preliminary insight into the research topic as well as ensure validity and reliability. This was followed by a final questionnaire administered to 125 respondents. The stakeholders included 50 contractors, 30 consultants, 30 regulators and 15 clients. Both local and foreign-registered building contractors that fell in the grades I to VI of the National Council for Construction were considered for the study. Research findings showed that the ZBS faced barriers in adopting TQM because few local authorities, construction professionals, contractors, subcontractors and suppliers fully understood TQM. The study revealed the major barriers to the full adoption of TQM as being lack of expertise and resources in TQM, difficulty in changing behaviour and attitude of stakeholders, lack of education and training to drive the improvement process;and lack of employee and top management commitment and understanding. To overcome the foregoing barriers, some Critical Success Factors (CSFs) were identified.These included: top management commitment and leadership, human resource management (employee involvement/teamwork); trainning/learning; client management; subcontractor and supplier quality management; process management; information analysis and evaluation;planning, communication and continous improvement. Finally, the study proposed a TQM adoption Framework for the ZBS to help build quality into building projects.The implications of the findings were that improved quality and productivity were needed to eliminate high levels of waste in the building sector. Key words: Quality, Quality Management, Total Quality Management, Critical Success Factors, TQM barriers and TQM Framewor

Non-physiological increase of AV conduction time in sinus disease patients programmed in AAIR-based pacing mode

Purpose The EVOCAVDS trial aimed to quantify the paradoxal atrioventricular (AV) conduction time lengthening in sinus node (SD) patients (pts) paced in AAIR-based pacing mode. Methods SD pts, implanted with dual-chamber pacemaker programmed in AAIR-based pacing mode, were randomized in two arms for a 1-month period: the low atrial pacing (LAP; basic rate at 60 bpm, dual sensor with minimal slope) and the high atrial pacing (HAP; basic rate at 70 bpm, dual sensor with optimized slope, overdrive pacing) arm. At 1 month, crossover was performed for an additional 1-month period. AV conduction time, AV block occurrence and AV conduction time adaptation during exercise were ascertained from device memories at each follow-up. Results Seventy-nine pts participated to the analysis (75 ± 8 years; 32 male; PR = 184 ± 38 ms; bundle branch block n = 12; AF history n = 36; antiarrhythmic treatment n = 53; beta-blockers n = 27; class III/Ic n = 18; both n = 8). The mean AV conduction time was significantly greater during the HAP (275 ± 51 ms) vs. LAP (263 ± 49 ms) period (p < 0.0001). Class III/Ic drugs were the only predictors of this abnormal behaviour. Degree II/III AV blocks occurred in 49 % of pts in the HAP vs. 19 % in the LAP period (p < 0.0001). Fifty-two patients (66 %) presented a lengthening of AV conduction time during exercise. Conclusion AAIR-based pacing in SD pts may induce a significant lengthening of pts’ AV conduction time, including frequent abnormal adaptation of AV conduction time during exercise

Data fusion of left ventricle Electro-Anatomic Mapping and Multislice Computerized Tomography for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy optimization

International audienceCardiac Resynchronization Therapy is a treatment for bi-ventricular asynchronism. It can be optimized by the identification of the most effective pacing sites. The aim of this study is to provide a helpful tool to perform this identification by the fusion of electrical and anatomical information resulting from Electro-Anatomic Mapping (EAM) data and Multislice Computerized Tomography (MSCT) imaging. EAM data provide an approximation of the left ventricle (LV) 3D-surface (SEAM). Left cardiac chambers are segmented from MSCT imaging and surfaces are reconstructed (SCT). In order to represent this information in a unified framework, a three steps method is proposed: (1) the LV is separated from the left auricle on SCT providing S'CT; (2) a semi-automatic rigid registration method is applied to SEAM and S'CT; (3) activation time delays are estimated on S'CT from the EAM data. This method results in a graphical interface offering to clinicians means to identify abnormal electrical activity sites

0081: Prevalence and determinants or right ventricular dysfunction in severe aortic stenosis

Introductionsystolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) is a well known predictor of outcome in patients with valvular heart disease. In spite of this fact, limited data are available regarding the assessment of RV function in patients with aortic stenosis (AS).Aimof this study is therefore to evaluate the prevalence and the determinants of RV dysfunction in severe AS patientsMethods201 patients (mean age:79.7±8.7, male sex 55.5%) with severe AS underwent 2D echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for the evaluation of left ventricular and RV function, aortic valve gradients and sPAP. A tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) ≤17mm was used to define reduced RV ventricular function.ResultsRV function was impaired in 48 patients (24%). Patients with reduced TAPSE had an impaired LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (49.2±15.4 vs 57.9±10.9%, p<0.0001), significantly altered STE parameters (GLS: –10.3 ±3.9 vs –13.2±3.5%, GCS: –7.0±3. vs –10.4±4.9%, GRS: 18.7±11.6 vs 28.4±15.6, all p<0.001) and a higher sPAP (48.4±15.8 vs 40.9±12.7mmHg, p=0.002) with respecto to patients with a normal RV function. Correlates of a reduced TAPSE were: LVEF (β=0.35, p<0.0001), LV global longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain (β=–0.40, β=–0.40, β=0.37 respectively, all p<0.0001), LV indexed stroke volume (β=0.44, s<0.0001), lnNT-proBNP (β=–0.51, p<0.0001) and sPAP (β=–0.27, p<0.0001). At Kaplan-Meier survival curve, a TAPSE ≤17mm was associated with a reduced survival in patients with AS (Log Rank test, p=0.034).ConclusionsIn patients with severe AS, RV function impairment is frequent and is associated with a poor prognosis. The correlations of TAPSE highlight the RV-LV interdependence in AS patients. Further studies will clarify the real and independent prognostic value of RV function in severe AS patients and test for the RV reverse remodelling after treatment of the AS

070: Heterogeneity in regional peaks of left ventricular deformation is correlated with exercise capacity in primitive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

ObjectivePrevious studies have described a left ventricular (LV) heterogeneity in regional peaks of deformation in patients with primitive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We studied this heterogeneity in HCM patients with echocardiography both at rest and during exercise in order to evaluate its correlation with exercise capacity.MethodsThirty consecutive HCM patients were evaluated with echocardiography at rest and during exercise on a dedicated table. 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) was used to assess LV deformation heterogeneity according to the standard deviation between systolic peaks of regional longitudinal strains.ResultsAge was 55.1±12.7 yrs, maximal wall thickness was 20.3±.4mm. Maximal load during exercise was 94±41 Watts. LV ejection fraction was preserved both at rest and during exercise (67±8% at rest and 69±8% during exercise). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was altered (-15.5±4.1% at rest and -15.2±5.9% during exercise). Heterogeneity in regional peaks of deformation was 54.6±27.8ms at rest and 41.3±23.9ms during exercise. We noted correlations between maximal load achieved (r=-0.48, p=0.007), exercise GLS (r=0.47, p=0.009) and maximal LV thickness (r=0.48, p=0.007) with the level of LV deformation heterogeneity recorded during exercise. These correlations were lower if we considered LV deformation heterogeneity at rest. The population was then divided in 2 groups according to the level of exercise heterogeneity in regional peaks of deformation (cut-off value of 41ms, i.e. mean value of the global population). The group with the more marked heterogeneity of LV deformation showed the thicker wall, the lower GLS at exercise and the weaker exercise capacity. This result was independent of the age.ConclusionIn CMH patients exercise echocardiography add information. Indeed heterogeneity in regional peaks of deformation in longitudinal LV is correlated with exercise capacity and importance of myocardial hypertrophy