82 research outputs found
A Southern connection: Chadian extraversion policies and the repercussions for the Libyan territory
Drawing on field research conducted in Chad, this paper examines Chadian extraversion policies and its outgrowths in the remaking of post-2011 Libya. It posits that the increasingly outward-looking positioning of Chadian state and non-state actors contributes to a redefinition of the Libyan boundary system. While the formation of the Chadian state and territory owes a significant debt to Libya, the fragmentation of the Libyan political centre has turned it into a target for foreign policy initiatives designed by both heavyweight world powers and its neighbouring countries. The new Chadian extraversion policies benefit from the strategic advantages linked to Chadâs location at the crossroads of turbulent zones and the sound reputation of its armed forces abroad. This extraversion policy may be aligned with the federalist push initiated by certain regional Libyan leaders, in spite of outright rejection by international mediators. While various armed movements have been striking at the Chadian regime from the borderlands for some time, the idea that they might directly or indirectly meddle in the Libyan political process has led to worried reactions in both countries. It is therefore worth paying attention to this region, because it is likely that some part of the political future of Chad and Libya will be settled there.FondĂ© sur des recherches de terrain rĂ©alisĂ©s au Tchad, cet article examine la politique dâextraversion du Tchad et ses rĂ©percussions sur la recomposition du territoire libyen aprĂšs 2011. Il postule que le positionnement de plus en plus extraverti des acteurs Ă©tatiques et non-Ă©tatiques tchadiens contribue Ă une redĂ©finition du systĂšme de frontiĂšres libyen. Alors que la Libye a historiquement influencĂ© la formation de lâĂtat tchadien, la fragmentation du centre politique libyen a transformĂ© ce dernier en cible des initiatives de politique Ă©trangĂšre façonnĂ©es par les poids lourds des puissances mondiales mais Ă©galement des pays frontaliers. La nouvelle politique tchadienne dâextraversion bĂ©nĂ©ficie de la rĂ©putation solide de son armĂ©e et de la rente stratĂ©gique liĂ©e au positionnement du Tchad au carrefour de zones de turbulences. Cette politique dâextraversion pourrait sâaccommoder de lâinitiative fĂ©dĂ©raliste initiĂ©e par des autoritĂ©s libyennes rĂ©gionales, malgrĂ© le rejet formel des mĂ©diateurs internationaux. Si lâimplantation de mouvements armĂ©s luttant contre le rĂ©gime tchadien dans la zone frontaliĂšre tchado-libyenne nâest pas une nouveautĂ©, la possibilitĂ© de leur implication directe ou indirecte dans le processus politique libyen suscite en revanche des rĂ©actions dâinquiĂ©tude au sein des deux pays et de leurs interlocuteurs. Il convient de sâintĂ©resser Ă cette rĂ©gion dans la mesure oĂč une partie du futur politique du Tchad et de la Libye est susceptible de sây jouer
Une maladie immunoprolifĂ©rative de lâintestin grĂȘle rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par une invagination intestinale aigue: Ă propos dâun cas
La maladie immunoprolifĂ©rative de l'intestin grĂȘle IPSID est un lymphome rare qui se dĂ©veloppĂ© Ă partir du systĂšme lymphoĂŻde associĂ© aux muqueuses au niveau de l'intestin grĂȘle. Sa rĂ©vĂ©lation par une invagination intestinale aigue est exceptionnelle et n'a jamais Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ© dans la littĂ©rature auparavant. Nous rapportons le cas d'un patient de 65ans, admis aux urgences dans un tableau d'invagination intestinale aigue. Le scanner abdominal a mis en Ă©vidence masse grĂȘlique Ă paroi concentrique avec incarcĂ©ration du segment mĂ©sentĂ©rique au sein de la lĂ©sion fortement Ă©vocatrice d'une invagination intestinale. Le patient a Ă©tĂ© opĂ©rĂ© et a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d'une rĂ©section ilĂ©ale emportant le boudin d'invagination. L'examen histologique de la masse a Ă©tĂ© en faveur d'une maladie des chaines alpha transformĂ©e en un lymphome B diffus Ă grandes cellules. Les auteurs rapportent un cas rare d'une IPSID rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par une invagination intestinale aigue et Ă travers cette observation, mettent en relief les principaux aspects cliniques, histologiques, thĂ©rapeutiques de cette entitĂ© avec une revue de la littĂ©rature.Key words: Maladie immunoprolifĂ©rative, intestin grĂȘle, invagination intestinale
A large gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the duodenum treated by partial duodenectomy with Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy: a case report
INTRODUCTION: Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors are uncommon and a relatively small subset of gastrointestinal stromal tumors whose optimal surgical procedure has not been well defined. Because submucosal spread and local lymph node involvement are infrequent in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, wide margins with routine lymph node dissection may not be required. Various surgical procedures for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor, pancreatoduodenectomy, pancreas-sparing duodenectomy, segmental duodenectomy, or local resection, have been described depending on the size and exact site of the lesion. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 65-year-old African woman with a giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor involving the second and third portion of the duodenum successfully treated by partial duodenectomy with duodenojejunostomy. This surgical technique is ideal when a gastrointestinal stromal tumor does not involve the ampulla because it avoids a pancreatoduodenectomy, and has not been previously described for the management of this malignancy. Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor should be suspected in any patient with a duodenal wall mass. CONCLUSIONS: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the duodenum should be suspected in any patient with a duodenal wall mass. Extramural growth and central ulceration with or without bleeding should alert the endoscopist to the possibility of a duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor diagnosis
Fistule bilio-pleurale post traumatique: Ă propos dâun cas
Les fistules bilio thoraciques post traumatiques sont extrĂȘmement rares, leur traitement peut ĂȘtre conservateur mettant en Ćuvre des techniques de radiologie et dâendoscopie interventionnelle ou chirurgical si Ă©chec du premier. Nous rapportons une observation de fistule bilio pleurale post traumatique oĂč lâindication du traitement chirurgical de premiĂšre intention a Ă©tĂ© indiscutable vu le sepsis et lâinstabilitĂ© hĂ©modynamique
Pathological complete response in advanced gastric stromal tumor after imatinib mesylate therapy: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are a rare neoplasm exhibiting, in most cases, mutations of <it>c-kit</it>. Imatinib mesylate is the standard treatment for patients who have advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Although the response rate in patients treated with imatinib mesylate in prospective clinical studies is above 50%, a complete response is very rare. We report the case of a patient with a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor who had a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant treatment with imatinib mesylate.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 54-year-old Arab woman with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor who had a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant treatment with imatinib mesylate.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The pathological examination of our patient documented a complete pathological response after imatinib therapy. Recently, it has been confirmed that the kinase genotype of <it>KIT </it>and <it>platelet-derived growth factor receptor α </it>can accurately predict a good response to imatinib mesylate therapy. We propose that this patient had a mutation conferring high sensitivity to imatinib mesylate.</p
Voltage, Stability and Diffusion Barrier Differences between Sodium-ion and Lithium-ion Intercalation Materials
To evaluate the potential of Na-ion batteries, we contrast in this work the difference between Na-ion and Li-ion based intercalation chemistries in terms of three key battery propertiesâvoltage, phase stability and diffusion barriers. The compounds investigated comprise the layered AMO2 and AMS2 structures, the olivine and maricite AMPO4 structures, and the NASICON A3V2(PO4)3 structures. The calculated Na voltages for the compounds investigated are 0.18â0.57 V lower than that of the corresponding Li voltages, in agreement with previous experimental data. We believe the observed lower voltages for Na compounds are predominantly a cathodic effect related to the much smaller energy gain from inserting Na into the host structure compared to inserting Li. We also found a relatively strong dependence of battery properties on structural features. In general, the difference between the Na and Li voltage of the same structure, ÎVNaâLi, is less negative for the maricite structures preferred by Na, and more negative for the olivine structures preferred by Li. The layered compounds have the most negative ÎVNaâLi. In terms of phase stability, we found that open structures, such as the layered and NASICON structures, that are better able to accommodate the larger Na+ ion generally have both Na and Li versions of the same compound. For the close-packed AMPO4 structures, our results show that Na generally prefers the maricite structure, while Li prefers the olivine structure, in agreement with previous experimental work. We also found surprising evidence that the barriers for Na+ migration can potentially be lower than that for Li+ migration in the layered structures. Overall, our findings indicate that Na-ion systems can be competitive with Li-ion systems.United States. Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-11-1-0212)United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-FG02 96ER45571)United States. Dept. of Energy (BATT program under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231
Divided waters: a hydropolitical analysis of development, space, and labour in N'Djamena, Chad
This thesis analyses the everyday politics of water in NâDjamena, Chad and its implications
for various realms in the urbanscape. Water workers and end-users coexist and punctually
collaborate with numerous other space-users in public places such as community squares,
where water is prominently sourced. I argue that water and social life occupy distinct spaces
within the same squares, a dissociative process that leads to âmultiplex spacesâ. The research
further demonstrates that water access and supply in peripheral and working-class
neighbourhoods of NâDjamena operate as a moral economy characterised by precarity and
shifting temporalities but also strong agentive struggles and solidarity. Similarly, agents of
Chadâs National Water Company engage in âhydraulic bricolagesâ during maintenance and
connection operations. Despite endeavours to build universal infrastructural networks, multiple
water supply schemes coexist in NâDjamena, as exemplified by the borehole economy. As such,
localised water delivery solutions are likely to prevail, a situation of âreticular urbanism.â
Furthermore, development projects funded by foreign donors reshape NâDjamenaâs waterscape.
These projects rely on local fieldworkers that engage in community work. Community work
undertaken by municipal officers and neighbourhood association members appears as an
essential form of relational work that require in-depth social and technical knowledge. Finally,
dynamics of water patronage suggest that politicians and local leaders can choose different
paths that imply contrasting levels of territoriality; while professional politicians might decide
to fund water works to build up their popularity in their constituencies, chiefs tend to rely on
water as a profitable business venture
Effet de la déformation plastique sur l'aimantation rémanente d'un acier ferrito-perlitique
International audienceL'aimantation rĂ©manente d'un acier dĂ©formĂ© plastiquement par traction uniaxiale Ă diffĂ©rents niveaux de dĂ©formation est mesurĂ©e le long de la direction de chargement mĂ©canique. Il est montrĂ© que la dĂ©formation plastique rĂ©duit considĂ©rablement l'aimantation rĂ©manente. Sa valeur nominale peut cependant ĂȘtre retrouvĂ©e sous contrainte appliquĂ©e. Ceci permet de conclure que le comportement du matĂ©riau dĂ©formĂ© semble pouvoir ĂȘtre obtenu par une simple translation de la courbe d'aimantation Ă l'Ă©tat non dĂ©formĂ© dans l'espace des contraintes. Ce rĂ©sultat est en accord avec les rĂ©sultats d'une approche de modĂ©lisation considĂ©rant le matĂ©riau dĂ©formĂ© comme un matĂ©riau biphasĂ© soumis Ă un fort niveau de contrainte interne
Effet de la déformation plastique sur l'aimantation rémanente d'un acier ferrito-perlitique
International audienceL'aimantation rĂ©manente d'un acier dĂ©formĂ© plastiquement par traction uniaxiale Ă diffĂ©rents niveaux de dĂ©formation est mesurĂ©e le long de la direction de chargement mĂ©canique. Il est montrĂ© que la dĂ©formation plastique rĂ©duit considĂ©rablement l'aimantation rĂ©manente. Sa valeur nominale peut cependant ĂȘtre retrouvĂ©e sous contrainte appliquĂ©e. Ceci permet de conclure que le comportement du matĂ©riau dĂ©formĂ© semble pouvoir ĂȘtre obtenu par une simple translation de la courbe d'aimantation Ă l'Ă©tat non dĂ©formĂ© dans l'espace des contraintes. Ce rĂ©sultat est en accord avec les rĂ©sultats d'une approche de modĂ©lisation considĂ©rant le matĂ©riau dĂ©formĂ© comme un matĂ©riau biphasĂ© soumis Ă un fort niveau de contrainte interne
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