General embryological information service.

v. 18, pt. 1 (1979

Análisis de la productividad, colaboración e impacto científico de la cardiología española (1999-2008)

De acuerdo con los datos disponibles por Who (2004), alrededor del 50% del total de las muertes en Europa se encuentran relacionadas con enfermedades reumáticas, hipertensión, isquemias, enfermedades cerebrovasculares o enfermedades cardiovasculares e inflamatorias. Según la información proporcionada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (2010) las enfermedades cardiovasculares se constituyen como la primera causa de muerte, siendo responsables del 31,7% del total de las defunciones en 2008 en España. Del mismo modo, estas enfermedades tienen asociadas también importantes consecuencias económicas, sociales y en el sistema sanitario, con lo que se están realizando esfuerzos para investigar sobre los factores que afectan a la salud y la enfermedad, lo que puede verse reflejado en que España ha experimentado una progresión en su actividad científica investigadora, capacidad y producción sin precedentes en su historia durante los últimos 25 años. El objetivo general de la presente tesis doctoral es analizar, mediante la utilización de indicadores bibliométricos, la actividad científica plasmada en publicaciones visibles internacionalmente que han sido generadas por instituciones cardiológicas españolas durante la década 1999-2008, así como la identificación de las redes o grupos de investigación de instituciones y autores a través del análisis de redes sociales. Las fuentes consultadas para elaborar este trabajo han sido las bases de datos SCI-Expanded (Science Citation Index Expanded) de Thompson Corporation (http://scientific.thomson.com/aboutus/) y la base de datos IME/Índice Médico Español elaborada por el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, siendo los documentos analizados los artículos originales, artículos de revisión, editoriales y cartas, habiendo desechado del análisis los resúmenes de comunicaciones a congresos, los artículos bibliográficos, las correcciones, reprints y noticias. Los resultados constataron que la producción española en el área de Cardiología ha experimentado durante el período un incremento del 51,10%, pasando de 1.104 documentos en el año 1998 a 1.668 en el año 2008. Asimismo, el 72,81% de los trabajos recuperados han sido artículos originales, constituyéndose este tipo documental como el preferido por los especialistas españoles en Cardiología para transmitir sus conocimientos. Revista Española de Cardiología se constituye en este trabajo como la revista española más productiva y más citada, con 3.239 citas y a pesar de que la lengua española tiene una representación apenas perceptible en la proyección internacional de la ciencia y la tecnología, en nuestro estudio, al haber realizado las búsquedas en la base de datos IME, el número de documentos publicados en inglés y en español ha sido muy similar (47% y 46%, respectivamente). Los “pequeños productores”, autores ocasionales o transitorios (que publican un único trabajo; n=18.772) suponen el 65,07% de los autores, mientras que el 92,89% de los documentos han sido realizados en colaboración, porcentaje que aumenta al 95,66% si se consideran únicamente los artículos originales. Destaca la colaboración con países del entorno geográfico, cultural o político, como los Estados Unidos y los países europeos occidentales, mientras que la colaboración es más limitada con los países de la Europa oriental y del Norte (entre los que destacan Polonia, Finlandia, Noruega y Grecia) y Latinoamérica, a pesar de compartir un idioma común. Los países europeos con mayor número de artículos publicados han sido Reino Unido (18,62%) Alemania (16,70%), Italia (13,32%), Francia (9,57%) y Holanda (5,62%), ocupando España (5,62%) el 6º lugar en el ranking europeo y el 11º en el mundial, superado por Estados Unidos, Japón, Canadá y Australia.The main objective of this thesis is to analyze, through the use of bibliometric indicators, the scientific activity that is reflected in internationally visible publications that have been generated by Spanish cardiology institutions during the decade 1999-2008. The sources consulted to elaborate this work have been the databases SCI-Expanded (Science Citation Index Expanded) of Thompson Corporation (http: // scientific.thomson.com/aboutus/) and the database Spanish IME/Índice Médico Español elaborated by the National Research Council. The results found that the Spanish production in the area of Cardiology has experienced during the period a 51,10% increase, from 1.104 documents in 1998 to 1.668 in 2008. Likewise, 72,81% of retrieved works were original articles, becoming this documental type such as preferred by the Spanish specialists in cardiology to transmit on their knowledge. Stands out the collaboration with countries of the geographical, cultural or political environment, as the United States and the European western countries, whereas the collaboration is more limited by the countries of the Eastern Europe and of the North (most notably Poland, Finland, Norway and Greece) and Latin America, despite sharing a common language. The European countries with major number of published articles have been United Kingdom (18,62 %) Germany (16,70 %), Italy (13,32 %), France (9,57 %) and Holland (5,62 %), occupying Spain (5,62 %) 6 º place in the European ranking and 11 º in the world one overcome by The United States, Japan, Canada and Australia. The European countries with largest number of published articles have been United Kingdom (18,62 %) Germany (16,70 %), Italy (13,32 %), France (9,57 %) and Holland (5,62 %), occupying Spain (5,62 %) 6th place in the European ranking and 11th in the world one overcome by The United States, Japan, Canada and Australia

Sleep homeostasis in the European jackdaw (<i>Coloeus monedula</i>):Sleep deprivation increases NREM sleep time and EEG power while reducing hemispheric asymmetry

Introduction: Sleep is a wide-spread phenomenon that is thought to occur in all animals. Yet, the function of it remains an enigma. Conducting sleep experiments in different species may shed light on the evolution and functions of sleep. Therefore, we studied sleep architecture and sleep homeostatic responses to sleep deprivation in the European jackdaw (Coloeus monedula).Methods: A total of nine young adult birds were implanted with epidural electrodes and equipped with miniature data loggers for recording movement activity (accelerometery) and electroencephalogram (EEG). Individually-housed jackdaws were recorded under controlled conditions with a 12:12-h light-dark cycle.Results: During baseline, the birds spent on average 48.5% of the time asleep (39.8% non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and 8.7% rapid eye movement (REM) sleep). Most of the sleep occurred during the dark phase (dark phase: 75.3% NREM sleep and 17.2% REM sleep; light phase 4.3% NREM sleep and 0.1% REM sleep). After sleep deprivation of 4 and 8 h starting at lights off, the birds showed a dose-dependent increase in NREM sleep time. Also, NREM sleep EEG power in the 1.5–3 Hz frequency range, which is considered to be a marker of sleep homeostasis in mammals, was significantly increased for 1-2 h after both 4SD and 8SD. While there was little true unihemispheric sleep in the Jackdaws, there was a certain degree of hemispheric asymmetry in NREM sleep EEG power during baseline, which reduced after sleep deprivation in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion, jackdaws display homeostatic regulation of NREM sleep and sleep pressure promotes coherence in EEG power

Epidemiology of Injury in English Women's Super league Football: A Cohort Study

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of injury in male professional football has been well documented (Ekstrand, Hägglund, & Waldén, 2011) and used as a basis to understand injury trends for a number of years. The prevalence and incidence of injuries occurring in womens super league football is unknown. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of injury in an English Super League Women’s Football squad. METHODS: Following ethical approval from Leeds Beckett University, players (n = 25) signed to a Women’s Super League Football club provided written informed consent to complete a self-administered injury survey. Measures of exposure, injury and performance over a 12-month period was gathered. Participants were classified as injured if they reported a football injury that required medical attention or withdrawal from participation for one day or more. Injuries were categorised as either traumatic or overuse and whether the injury was a new injury and/or re-injury of the same anatomical site RESULTS: 43 injuries, including re-injury were reported by the 25 participants providing a clinical incidence of 1.72 injuries per player. Total incidence of injury was 10.8/1000 h (95% CI: 7.5 to 14.03). Participants were at higher risk of injury during a match compared with training (32.4 (95% CI: 15.6 to 48.4) vs 8.0 (95% CI: 5.0 to 10.85)/1000 hours, p 28 days) of which there were three non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The epidemiological incidence proportion was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64 to 0.95) and the average probability that any player on this team will sustain at least one injury was 80.0% (95% CI: 64.3% to 95.6%) CONCLUSION: This is the first report capturing exposure and injury incidence by anatomical site from a cohort of English players and is comparable to that found in Europe (6.3/1000 h (95% CI 5.4 to 7.36) Larruskain et al 2017). The number of ACL injuries highlights a potential injury burden for a squad of this size. Multi-site prospective investigations into the incidence and prevalence of injury in women’s football are require

Data from: Hyper-Theory-of-Mind in children with psychotic experiences

Alterations in Theory-of-Mind (ToM) are associated with psychotic disorder. In addition, studies in children have documented that alterations in ToM are associated with Psychotic Experiences (PE). Our aim was to examine associations between an exaggerated type of ToM (HyperToM) and PE in children. Children with this type of alteration in ToM infer mental states when none are obviously suggested, and predict behaviour on the basis of these erroneous beliefs. Individuals with HyperToM do not appear to have a conceptual deficit (i.e. lack of representational abilities), but rather they apply their theory of the minds of others in an incorrect or biased way. Method: Hypotheses were tested in two studies with two independent samples: (i) a general population sample of 1630 Danish children aged 11–12 years, (ii) a population-based sample of 259 Dutch children aged 12–13 years, pertaining to a case-control sampling frame of children with auditory verbal hallucinations. Multinomial regression analyses were carried out to investigate the associations between PE and ToM and HyperToM respectively. Analyses were adjusted for gender and proxy measures of general intelligence. Results: Low ToM score was significantly associated with PE in sample I (OR = 1.6 95%CI 1.1–2.3 χ2(4) = 12.42 p = 0.010), but not in sample II (OR = 0.9 95%CI 0.5–1.8 χ2(3) = 7.13 p = 0.816). HyperToM was significantly associated with PE both in sample I (OR = 1.8, 95%CI 1.2–2.7 χ2(3) = 10.11 p = 0.006) and II (OR = 4.6, 95%CI 1.3–16.2 χ2(2) = 7.56 p = 0.018). HyperToM was associated particularly with paranoid delusions in both sample I (OR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.1–3.7% χ2(4) = 9.93 p = 0.021) and II (OR = 6.2 95%CI: 1.7–23.6% χ2(4) = 9.90 p = 0.044). Conclusion: Specific alterations in ToM may be associated with specific types of psychotic experiences. HyperToM may index risk for developing psychosis and paranoid delusions in particular