Migmatization of Archean aluminous metasediments from the eastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana, U.S.A.

Geothermobarometry, mineral compositions and textures, and thermodynamic models suggest biotite dehydration melting occurred in the peraluminous rocks of the eastern Beartooth Mountains. These Archean metapelitic migmatites are metatexites and diatexites, and have typical metamorphic assemblages of Qtz + Pl + Kfs + Bt + Sil +/- Grt +/- Crd. The subsequent in situ crystallization of the magma derived from the biotite dehydration created migmatitic leucosomes in the rocks. These leucosomes are primarily composed of quartz, plagioclase and potassium feldspar. Water derived from the dehydration of biotite was dissolved in the melted phase. Crystallization of the magma reintroduced this water to the system, allowing reversal of the biotite dehydration melting reactions on the retrograde pressure/temperature path. This rehydration event produced melanosomes, primarily composed of biotite, sillimanite and garnet. The volumetric and conceptual significance of theses melanosomes suggest that retrograde processes are of major importance to the formation of textures in pelitic migmatites. Geothermobarometry suggests that these rocks attained peak conditions of 795° +/- 42° C and 7.0 +/- 0.9 kbar. The interpreted pressure/temperature path is isobaric heating above four kilobars to 795°. At peak temperature, a nearly isothermal compression occurred, raising the pressure to seven kilobars. This roughly counterclockwise (in P/T space) trajectory is consistent with a thermal event due to local emplacement of granitic plutons, subsidence due to magmatic thickening, and later uplift and unroofing. Trace element heterogeneities in sillimanite, revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Cathodoluminescence Imaging (SEM-CL), suggest multiple stages of growth and dissolution of this mineral throughout the metamorphic cycle. The interpretation of these heterogeneities involves initial prograde production of sillimanite, and subsequent dissolution during the biotite dehydration melting reactions. Further sillimanite and biotite is formed during retrograde metamorphism, and enriched in chromium by a late-stage hydration event

Correlation Between EUT Failure Levels and ESD Generator Parameters

Some system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) tests repeat badly if different ESD generators are used. For improving repeatability, ESD generator specifications have been changed, and modified generators have been compared in a worldwide round robin test. The test showed up to 1 : 3 variations of failure levels. Multiple parameters that characterize ESD generators have been measured. This paper correlates the parameters to test result variations trying to distinguish between important and nonrelevant parameters. The transient fields show large variations among different ESD generators. A correlation has been observed in many equipment under tests (EUTs) between failure levels and the spectral content of the voltage induced in a semicircular loop. EUT resonance enhances the field coupling, and is the dominate failure mechanism. The regulation on the transient field is expected to improve the test repeatability

Neurocognitive correlates of probable posttraumatic stress disorder following traumatic brain injury

Introduction: Neurocognitive problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can interact with impairment resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research question: We aimed to identify neurocognitive problems associated with probable PTSD following TBI in a civilian sample. Material and methods: The study is part of the CENTER-TBI project (Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research) that aims to better characterize TBI. For this cross-sectional study, we included patients of all severities aged over 15, and a Glasgow Outcome Score Extended (GOSE) above 3. Participants were assessed at six months post-injury on the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Primary analysis was a complete case analysis. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between the PCL-5 and cognition. Results: Of the 1134 participants included in the complete case analysis, 13.5% screened positive for PTSD. Probable PTSD was significantly associated with higher TMT-(B-A) (OR ​= ​1.35, 95% CI: 1.14–1.60, p ​&lt; ​.001) and lower RAVLT-delayed recall scores (OR ​= ​0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91, p ​= ​.004) after controlling for age, sex, psychiatric history, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale and education. Discussion and conclusion: Poorer performance on cognitive tests assessing task switching and, to a lesser extent, delayed verbal recall is associated with probable PTSD in civilians who have suffered TBI.</p

A Lip Sync Expert Is All You Need for Speech to Lip Generation In the Wild

In this work, we investigate the problem of lip-syncing a talking face video of an arbitrary identity to match a target speech segment. Current works excel at producing accurate lip movements on a static image or videos of specific people seen during the training phase. However, they fail to accurately morph the lip movements of arbitrary identities in dynamic, unconstrained talking face videos, resulting in significant parts of the video being out-of-sync with the new audio. We identify key reasons pertaining to this and hence resolve them by learning from a powerful lip-sync discriminator. Next, we propose new, rigorous evaluation benchmarks and metrics to accurately measure lip synchronization in unconstrained videos. Extensive quantitative evaluations on our challenging benchmarks show that the lip-sync accuracy of the videos generated by our Wav2Lip model is almost as good as real synced videos. We provide a demo video clearly showing the substantial impact of our Wav2Lip model and evaluation benchmarks on our website: \url{cvit.iiit.ac.in/research/projects/cvit-projects/a-lip-sync-expert-is-all-you-need-for-speech-to-lip-generation-in-the-wild}. The code and models are released at this GitHub repository: \url{github.com/Rudrabha/Wav2Lip}. You can also try out the interactive demo at this link: \url{bhaasha.iiit.ac.in/lipsync}.Comment: 9 pages (including references), 3 figures, Accepted in ACM Multimedia, 202

Outcome assessment after traumatic brain injury - Authors' reply

First paragraph: We thank Thomas McMillan and colleagues for their thoughtful comments on assessment of outcomes, with many of which we fully agree. As with many outcome assessments in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is open to a wide variety of influences other than brain injury: factors related to acute TBI appear to explain at best 35% of the variance.1 The predictors, moderators, and mediators of outcome after TBI are incompletely understood. There is thus much progress to be made in identifying confounding covariates for the effects of interventions. The current approach has many strengths, as pointed out by McMillan and colleagues. However, the GOS as originally proposed was quickly recognised to have limitations, and consequently has been adapted and improved over the years. The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) structured interview was originally intended to help standardise assessment of outcomes, but there is still work to be done

The Generation of Successive Unmarked Mutations and Chromosomal Insertion of Heterologous Genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Using Natural Transformation

We have developed a simple method of generating scarless, unmarked mutations in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by exploiting the ability of this bacterium to undergo natural transformation, and with no need to introduce plasmids encoding recombinases or resolvases. This method involves two successive rounds of natural transformation using linear DNA: the first introduces a cassette carrying cat (which allows selection by chloramphenicol) and sacB (which allows counter-selection using sucrose) flanked by sequences to either side of the target gene; the second transformation utilises the flanking sequences ligated directly to each other in order to remove the cat-sacB cassette. In order to ensure efficient uptake of the target DNA during transformation, A. pleuropneumoniae uptake sequences are added into the constructs used in both rounds of transformation. This method can be used to generate multiple successive deletions and can also be used to introduce targeted point mutations or insertions of heterologous genes into the A. pleuropneumoniae chromosome for development of live attenuated vaccine strains. So far, we have applied this method to highly transformable isolates of serovars 8 (MIDG2331), which is the most prevalent in the UK, and 15 (HS143). By screening clinical isolates of other serovars, it should be possible to identify other amenable strains

Interpreting Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) scores: Cross-walk with the Short Form-36

The Quality of Life after Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) instruments are traumatic brain injury-specific assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with established validity and reliability. The purpose of the study is to help improve the interpretability of the two QOLIBRI summary scores (the QOLIBRI Total score and the QOLBRI Overall Scale score). An analysis was conducted of 761 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) that took part in the QOLIBRI validation studies. A cross-walk between QOLIBRI scores and the SF-36 Mental Component Summary norm-based scoring system was performed using geometric mean regression analysis. The exercise supports a previous suggestion that QOLIBRI Total scores &lt; 60 indicate low or impaired HRQoL, and indicate that the corresponding score on the QOLIBRI-OS is &lt;52. The percentage of cases in the sample that fell into the &lsquo;impaired HRQoL&rsquo; category were 36% for the Mental Component Summary, 38% for the QOLIBRI Total, and 39% for the QOLIBRI-OS. Relationships between the QOLIBRI scales and the Glasgow Outcome Scale &ndash; Extended (GOSE), as a measure of global function, are presented in the form of means and standard deviations that allow comparison with other studies, and data on age and gender are presented for the QOLIBRI-OS. While bearing in mind the potential imprecision of the comparison, the findings provide a framework for evaluating QOLIBRI summary scores in relation to generic HRQoL that improves their interpretability