Obowiązki operatorów pocztowych oraz instrumenty przysługujące Prezesowi UKE w zakresie wykrywania i zwalczania praktyk monopolistycznych na rynku pocztowym w świetle rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2018/644

Celem strategii jednolitego rynku cyfrowego jest zwiększenie udziału e-commerce w całkowitym PKB Unii. Za jedną z największych przeszkód dla rozwoju handlu e-commerce w całej Unii Europejskiej zostały uznane wysokie ceny i niedogodności transgranicznej dostawy przesyłek. W związku z tym od 2016 r. Komisja Europejska prowadziła prace nad opracowaniem rozporządzenia mającego na celu zwiększenie przejrzystości cenowej i wzmocnienie nadzoru regulacyjnego nad usługami transgranicznego dostarczania przesyłek, w sposób umożliwiający konsumentom i detalistom korzystanie z niższych cen dostaw i dogodnych opcji zwrotu przesyłek. Przepisy rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2018/644 z dnia 18 kwietnia 2018 r. w sprawie transgranicznych usług doręczania paczek (Dz. Urz. L 112 z 02.05.2018) wprowadziły m.in. zwiększone wymagania raportowania dla operatorów biorących udział w procesie doręczania przesyłek transgranicznych, które mają umożliwić krajowym organom regulacyjnym bardziej efektywne monitorowanie rynku takich przesyłek w celu lepszej identyfikacji potencjalnych trudności w jego funkcjonowaniu oraz procedurę i kryteria oceny przez krajowe organy regulacyjne stopnia przystępności cen za usługi

2-Meth­oxy-3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxy­anilino)methyl­idene]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one

The title mol­ecule, C20H21NO6, adopts a keto–amine tautomeric form. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, classified as a resonanse-assisted hydrogen bond, influences the mol­ecular conformation; the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 24.6 (1)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into chains propagating along [001]

Resistance to thyroid hormone with a mutation of the thyroid β receptor gene in an eight-month-old infant — a case report

Introduction: Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHβ) is a rare syndrome of impaired tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormones (THs). The disorder has an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern of inheritance. Most of the reported mutations have been detected in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene (THRβ). Case report: Authors present an eight-month-old infant with poor linear growth, decreased body weight, tachycardia, positive family history, and neonatal features suggestive of RTHβ. Both our patient and his mother had elevated free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and non-suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) concentration. The fluorescent sequencing analysis showed a heterozygous mutation c.728G > A in TRβ gene. This pathogenic variant is known to be associated with THR. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of RTHb is variable, ranging from isolated biochemical abnormalities to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism. The syndrome should be suspected in patients with increased serum TH level, accompanied by a normal or elevated TSH concentration. The affected patients require individualised management.Introduction: Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTHβ) is a rare syndrome of impaired tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormones (THs). The disorder has an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern of inheritance. Most of the reported mutations have been detected in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene (THRβ). Case report: Authors present an eight-month-old infant with poor linear growth, decreased body weight, tachycardia, positive family history, and neonatal features suggestive of RTHβ. Both our patient and his mother had elevated free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and non-suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) concentration. The fluorescent sequencing analysis showed a heterozygous mutation c.728G > A in TRβ gene. This pathogenic variant is known to be associated with THR. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of RTHb is variable, ranging from isolated biochemical abnormalities to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism. The syndrome should be suspected in patients with increased serum TH level, accompanied by a normal or elevated TSH concentration. The affected patients require individualised management

Motor assessment in Parkinson`s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of most disabling disorders of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, postural instability and difficulty with walking and gait, are difficult to measure. When disease symptoms become more pronounced, the patient experiences difficulties with hand function and walking, and is prone to falls. Baseline motor impairment and cognitive impairment are probable predictors of more rapid motor decline and disability. An additional difficulty is the variability of the symptoms caused by adverse effects of drugs, especially levodopa. Motor assessment of Parkinson`s Disease can be divided into clinimetrics, assessment of balance and posture, arm and hand function, and gait/walking. These are many clinimetric scales used in Parkinson`s Disease, the most popular being the Hoehn and Yahr stages of progression of the disease and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Balance and posture can be assessed by clinimetric scales like the Berg BS, Tinetti, Brunel BA, and Timed Up and Go Test, or measured by posturometric platforms. Among skill tests, the best known are: the Purdue Pegboard Test, Nine-Hole Peg Test, Jebsen and Taylor test, Pig- Tail Test, Frenchay Arm Test, Action Research Arm Test, Wolf FMT and Finger-Tapping Test. Among motricity scales, the most popular are: the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale and Södring Motor Evaluation. Gait and walking can also be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Recently, the most popular is three-dimensional analysis of movement. This review article presents the current possibilities of motor assessment in Parkinson`s disease

Are Psychosocial Consequences of Obesity and Hyperandrogenism Present in Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether body weight status and clinical hyperandrogenism may influence social competencies and psychological gender features in adolescent girls. Design and Participants. In 104 adolescent girls, psychological gender inventory (PGI) and social competencies questionnaire (SCQ) (assessing social abilities in three aspects: intimacy (I), social exposure (SE), and assertiveness (AS)) were performed. Subjects were divided into four subgroups: G1—24 nonobese girls without hyperandrogenism, G2—18 obese girls without hyperandrogenism, G3—30 nonobese hyperandrogenic girls, and G4—32 obese girls with hyperandrogenism. Results. There were no significant differences in all parts of SCQ and PGI between the study and control groups. The feminine woman type dominated in all groups; in G3 and G4, masculine woman type appeared more often than in G1 and G2 (13.3% and 12.5% versus 4.0% and 0.0%, resp.). In G4, positive relationship between BMI z-score and SCQ (, ) was found. In G1, the relationship was opposite (, ). Hirsutism correlated negatively with SCQ (, ), I (, ), and AS (, ) only in G1; in other groups, this relationship was insignificant. In G4, higher testosterone level was associated with lower SCQ (, ) and AS (, ). In G2, testosterone concentration correlated positively with SCQ (, ), SE (, ), and AS (, ). Conclusion. In adolescent girls, neither body weight nor clinical features of hyperandrogenism seem to be the source of evaluated disorders in psychological functioning

Crystal structures of (E)-3-(4-hy­dr­oxy­benzyl­­idene)chroman-4-one and (E)-3-(3-hy­dr­oxy­benzyl­­idene)-2-phenyl­chroman-4-one

The synthesis and crystal structures of (E)-3-(4-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)chroman-4-one, C16H12O3, I, and (E)-3-(3-hy­droxy­benzyl­idene)-2-phenyl­chroman-4-one, C22H16O3, II, are reported. These compounds are of inter­est with respect to biological activity. Both structures display inter­molecular C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming layers in the crystal lattice. The crystal structure of compound I is consolidated by π–π inter­actions. The lipophilicity (logP) was determined as it is one of the parameters qualifying compounds as potential drugs. The logP value for compound I is associated with a larger contribution of C⋯H inter­action in the Hirshfeld surface.Funding for this research was provided by: Uniwesytet Łódzki, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi (grant No. SGB_148_Suchojad_Kamil to K. Suchojad; grant No. 502-03/3-066-02/502-34-118 to A. Adamus-Grabicka, E. Budzisz)

Years of life lost as a measure of premature death among dual‑chamber pacemaker recipients from Małopolska Province

Background: Pacemakers have become the standard of care in patients with severe bradycardia and conduction abnormalities. The survival and premature mortality can be assessed using the years of life lost (YLLs). Aims: The aim of the study was to analyze mortality trends over the period from 1999 to 2015 among patients implanted with a dual‑chamber (DDD) pacemaker who were inhabitants of Małopolska Province. Methods: This was a retrospective study of records collected from consecutive patients who underwent de novo DDD pacemaker implantation at a single center between 1984 and 2014. Inclusion criteria were residence status in Małopolska Province at the latest follow‑up visit and death between 1999 and 2015. The standard expected years of life lost per death was used to calculate YLLs. Time trends were evaluated with joinpoint models and presented as an average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: Among a total of 3932 consecutive patients implanted with a DDD pacemaker, 1211 patients met the inclusion criteria. We noted an increase in the mean age at implant from 70 years in 1999 to 75.5 years in 2015 (AAPC, 0.6%; P < 0.05), the number of years lived after DDD pacemaker implantation from 2.6 years to 8.2 years (AAPC, 7.4%; P < 0.05), and the mean age at death from 72.6 years to 83.8 years (AAPC, 0.89%; P < 0.05). Finally, we observed a reduction of the YLLs per death from 17.4 years in 1999 to 9 years in 2015 (AAPC, –4%; P < 0.05). All trends were significant for both men and women. Conclusions: In the 17‑year follow‑up, we showed significant changes in analyzed trends, in particular a reduction in the YLLs per death

Results of the treatment of adrenocortical cancer patients at the Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology – Krakow Branch

Introduction.Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) has an incidence of 1–2 cases per million and the 5-year overall survival (OS) is 16–47%. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Post-operative radiotherapy has been shown to prolong overall survival and the purpose of this work was to show our own, first time in Poland, results of adjuvant radiotherapy in tre­ating this disease. Material and methods.Between 2012 and 2021, 12 patients with ACC were treated. The analyzed group included 9 women and 3 men at a mean age of 44 years (range: 33 to 76 years). A significant increase of tumor size was found in 30% of the subjects. In the analyzed group, 12 patients were qualified to adjuvant radiotherapy, but it was feasible only in 7 patients. The other 5 patients did not undergo radiotherapy. Two patients were disqualified due to metastatic disease and in 3 patients radiotherapy could not be performed due to excessive tumor size and too high a risk of com­plications within the critical organs. Results.3 out of 7 patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy are still alive and 4 of them died. Mean overall survival time was 32 months. The 12-month overall survival rate was 80%. In the group of 5 patients who have not received radiotherapy, 2 patients are still alive. The mean overall survival time is 13.5 months and the 12-month overall survival rate is 60%. Conclusions.Due to rapid disease progression and poor prognosis associated with ACC, patients with tumors located in the adrenal gland require urgent surgical treatment at a reference center. Adjuvant radiotherapy improves treatment results significantly, but is not feasible in some patients due to cancer progression or the tumor location. In patients with ACC, it is important to diagnose the disease and to start adequate treatment as early as possible