Identificación de tareas isométricas y dinámicas del miembro superior basada en EMG de alta densidad

La identificación de tareas y estimación del movimiento voluntario basados en electromiografía (EMG) constituyen un problema conocido que involucra diferentes áreas en sistemas expertos, particularmente la de reconocimiento de patrones, con muchas aplicaciones posibles en dispositivos de asistencia y rehabilitación. La información que proporciona puede resultar útil para el control de exoesqueletos o brazos robóticos utilizados en terapias activas. La tecnología emergente de electromiografía de alta densidad (HD-EMG) abre nuevas posibilidades para extraer información neural y ya ha sido reportado que la distribución espacial de mapas de intensidad HD-EMG es una característica valiosa en la identificación de tareas isométricas (contracciones que no producen cambio en la longitud del músculo). Este estudio explora la utilización de la distribución espacial de la actividad mioeléctrica y lleva a cabo identificación de tareas durante ejercicios dinámicos a diferentes velocidades que son mucho más cercanos a los que se utilizan habitualmente en las terapias de rehabilitación. Con este objetivo, se registraron señales HD-EMG en un grupo de sujetos sanos durante la realización de un conjunto de tareas isométricas y dinámicas del miembro superior. Los resultados indican que la distribución espacial es una característica muy útil en la identificación, no solo de contracciones isométricas sino también de contracciones dinámicas, mejorando la eficiencia y naturalidad del control de dispositivos de rehabilitación para que se adapte mejor al usuario.Identification of tasks and estimation of volitional movement based on electromyography (EMG) constitute a known problem that involves different areas in the field of expert systems and particularly pattern recognition, with many possible applications in assistive and rehabilitation devices. The obtained information can be very useful to control exoskeletons or robots used in active rehabilitation processes. The emerging technology of high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) opens up new possibilities to extract neural information, and it has already been reported that the spatial distribution of HD-EMG intensity maps is a valuable feature in the identification of isometric tasks. This study explores the use of the spatial distribution of myoelectric activity and carries out a task identification during dynamic exercises at different velocities which are much closer to the ones commonly used during therapy. To this end, HD-EMG signals were recorded in a group of healthy subjects while performing a set of isometric and dynamic upper limb tasks. The results show that spatial distribution is a very useful feature in the identification not only of isometric contractions but also of dynamic contractions, so it can be very useful to improve the control of rehabilitation devices, making it more natural and permitting to adapt better to the user

Acute sleep deprivation induces a local brain transfer information increase in the frontal cortex in a widespread decrease context

Sleep deprivation (SD) has adverse effects on mental and physical health, affecting the cognitive abilities and emotional states. Specifically, cognitive functions and alertness are known to decrease after SD. The aim of this work was to identify the directional information transfer after SD on scalp EEG signals using transfer entropy (TE). Using a robust methodology based on EEG recordings of 18 volunteers deprived from sleep for 36 h, TE and spectral analysis were performed to characterize EEG data acquired every 2 h. Correlation between connectivity measures and subjective somnolence was assessed. In general, TE showed medium-and long-range significant decreases originated at the occipital areas and directed towards different regions, which could be interpreted as the transfer of predictive information from parieto-occipital activity to the rest of the head. Simultaneously, short-range increases were obtained for the frontal areas, following a consistent and robust time course with significant maps after 20 h of sleep deprivation. Changes during sleep deprivation in brain network were measured effectively by TE, which showed increased local connectivity and diminished global integration. TE is an objective measure that could be used as a potential measure of sleep pressure and somnolence with the additional property of directed relationships.Postprint (published version

Identification of isometric and dynamic tasks of the upper limb based on high-density EMG

[EN] Identification of tasks and estimation of volitional movement based on electromyography (EMG) constitute a known problem that involves different areas in the field of expert systems and particularly pattern recognition, with many possible applications in assistive and rehabilitation devices. The obtained information can be very useful to control exoskeletons or robots used in active rehabilitation processes. The emerging technology of high-density electromyography (HD-EMG) opens up new possibilities to extract neural information, and it has already been reported that the spatial distribution of HD-EMG intensity maps is a valuable feature in the identification of isometric tasks. This study explores the use of the spatial distribution of myoelectric activity and carries out a task identification during dynamic exercises at different velocities which are much closer to the ones commonly used during therapy. To this end, HD-EMG signals were recorded in a group of healthy subjects while performing a set of isometric and dynamic upper limb tasks. The results show that spatial distribution is a very useful feature in the identification not only of isometric contractions but also of dynamic contractions, so it can be very useful to improve the control of rehabilitation devices, making it more natural and permitting to adapt better to the user.[ES] La identificación de tareas y estimación del movimiento voluntario basados en electromiografía (EMG) constituyen un problema conocido que involucra diferentes áreas en sistemas expertos, particularmente la de reconocimiento de patrones, con muchas aplicaciones posibles en dispositivos de asistencia y rehabilitación. La información que proporciona puede resultar útil para el control de exoesqueletos o brazos robóticos utilizados en terapias activas. La tecnología emergente de electromiografía de alta densidad (HD-EMG) abre nuevas posibilidades para extraer información neural y ya ha sido reportado que la distribución espacial de mapas de intensidad HD-EMG es una característica valiosa en la identificación de tareas isométricas (contracciones que no producen cambio en la longitud del músculo). Este estudio explora la utilización de la distribución espacial de la actividad mioeléctrica y lleva a cabo identificación de tareas durante ejercicios dinámicos a diferentes velocidades que son mucho más cercanos a los que se utilizan habitualmente en las terapias de rehabilitación. Con este objetivo, se registraron señales HD-EMG en un grupo de sujetos sanos durante la realización de un conjunto de tareas isométricas y dinámicas del miembro superior. Los resultados indican que la distribución espacial es una característica muy útil en la identificación, no solo de contracciones isométricas sino también de contracciones dinámicas, mejorando la eficiencia y naturalidad del control de dispositivos de rehabilitación para que se adapte mejor al usuario.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto intramural ROBERT del CIBER-BBN, y ha sido en parte financiado por el proyecto DPI2014-59049-R del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España.Rojas-Martínez, M.; Alonso, JF.; Jordanic, M.; Romero, S.; Mañanas, MA. (2017). Identificación de Tareas Isométricas y Dinámicas del Miembro Superior Basada en EMG de Alta Densidad. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 14(4):406-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2017.07.006OJS406411144Badesa, F J, A Llinares, R Morales, N Garcia-Aracil, J M Sabater, and C PerezVidal. 2014. "Pneumatic Planar Rehabilitation Robot for Post-Stroke Patients." Biomedical Engineering - Applications, Basis and Communications 26 (2).Farina, Dario, Roberto Colombo, Roberto Merletti, and Henrik Baare Olsen. 2001. "Evaluation of Intra-Muscular EMG Signal Decomposition Algorithms." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 11 (3): 175- 87. doi:DOI: 10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00051-1.Farina, Dario, Frédéric Leclerc, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Olivier Buttelli, and Pascal Madeleine. 2008. "The Change in Spatial Distribution of Upper Trapezius Muscle Activity Is Correlated to Contraction Duration." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 18 (1): 16-25. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.08.005.Freriks, B, and H J Hermens. 1999. SENIAM 9: European Recommendations for Surface ElectroMyoGraphy, Results of the SENIAM Project (CD). Roessingh Research and Development b. v.Hargrove, Levi J, Kevin Englehart, and Bernard Hudgins. 2007. "A Comparison of Surface and Intramuscular Myoelectric Signal Classification." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 54 (5): 847- 53. doi:10.1109/TBME.2006.889192.Hogan, N, H I Krebs, B Rohrer, J J Palazzolo, L Dipietro, S E Fasoli, J Stein, et al. 2006. "Motions or Muscles? Some Behavioral Factors Underlying Robotic Assistance of Motor Recovery." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 43(5): 605-18.Holtermann, Andreas, Karin Roeleveld, and J Stefan Karlsson. 2005. "Inhomogeneities in Muscle Activation Reveal Motor Unit Recruitment." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 15 (2): 131-37. doi:DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.09.003.Jordanic, Mislav, Monica Rojas-Martinez, Miguel Angel Mananas, and Joan Francesc Alonso. 2016. "Prediction of Isometric Motor Tasks and Effort Levels Based on High-Density EMG in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Neural Engineering 13 (4): 46002. http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=prem& NEWS=N&AN=27187214.Jordanic, Mislav, Mónica Rojas-Martínez, Miguel Angel Mañanas, and Joan Francesc Alonso. 2016. "Spatial Distribution of HD-EMG Improves Identification of Task and Force in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 13 (1): 1-11. doi:10.1186/s12984-016-0151-8.Rojas-Martinez, M, M A Mananas, J F Alonso, and R Merletti. 2013. "Identification of Isometric Contractions Based on High Density EMG Maps." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 23 (1): 33-42. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.06.009.Rojas-Martinez, Monica, Miguel A Mananas, and Joan F Alonso. 2012. "HighDensity Surface EMG Maps from Upper-Arm and Forearm Muscles." Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation 9: 85. doi:10.1186/1743- 0003-9-85.Stango, Antonietta, Francesco Negro, and Dario Farina. 2015. "Spatial Correlation of High Density EMG Signals Provides Features Robust to Electrode Number and Shift in Pattern Recognition for Myocontrol." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and 5HKDELOLWDWLRQ (QJLQHHULQJௗ $ Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 23 (2): 189-98. doi:10.1109/TNSRE.2014.2366752.Van Peppen, R P S, G Kwakkel, B H Van Ber Wel, B Kollen, J Hobbelen, J Buurke, J Halfens, et al. 2004. "KNGF Clinical Practice Guideline for Physical Therapy in Patients with Stroke. Review of the Evidence." Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Fysiotherapie 114 (5).Zhou, Ping, Madeleine M Lowery, Kevin B Englehart, He Huang, Guanglin Li, Levi Hargrove, Julius P A Dewald, and Todd A Kuiken. 2007. "Decoding a New Neural Machine Interface for Control of Artificial Limbs." Journal of Neurophysiology 98 (5): 2974-82. Doi: 10.1152/jn.00178.200

Pathways leading to prevention of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease: An interaction model on 15 years population-based cohort study

Background: A comprehensive study on the interaction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is critical to prevent cardiovascular events. The main focus of this study is thus to understand direct and indirect relationships between different CVD risk factors. Methods: A longitudinal data on adults aged ≥35 years, who were free of CVD at baseline, were used in this study. The endpoints were CVD events, whereas their measurements were demographic, lifestyle components, socio-economics, anthropometric measures, laboratory findings, quality of life status, and psychological factors. A Bayesian structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationships among 21 relevant factors associated with total CVD, stroke, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and fatal CVDs. Results: In this study, a total of 3161 individuals with complete information were involved in the study. A total of 407 CVD events, with an average age of 54.77(10.66) years, occurred during follow-up. The causal associations between six latent variables were identified in the causal network for fatal and non-fatal CVDs. Lipid profile, with the coefficient of 0.26 (0.01), influenced the occurrence of CVD events as the most critical factor, while it was indirectly mediated through risky behaviours and comorbidities. Lipid profile at baseline was influenced by a wide range of other protective factors, such as quality of life and healthy lifestyle components. Conclusions: Analysing a causal network of risk factors revealed the flow of information in direct and indirect paths. It also determined predictors and demonstrated the utility of integrating multi-factor data in a complex framework to identify novel preventable pathways to reduce the risk of CVDs.Medicine, Faculty ofNon UBCPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofReviewedFacult

An improved dynamic model for the respiratory response to exercise

Copyright © 2018 Serna, Mañanas, Hernández and Rabinovich. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Respiratory system modeling has been extensively studied in steady-state conditions to simulate sleep disorders, to predict its behavior under ventilatory diseases or stimuli and to simulate its interaction with mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the studies focused on the instantaneous response are limited, which restricts its application in clinical practice. The aim of this study is double: firstly, to analyze both dynamic and static responses of two known respiratory models under exercise stimuli by using an incremental exercise stimulus sequence (to analyze the model responses when step inputs are applied) and experimental data (to assess prediction capability of each model). Secondly, to propose changes in the models' structures to improve their transient and stationary responses. The versatility of the resulting model vs. the other two is shown according to the ability to simulate ventilatory stimuli, like exercise, with a proper regulation of the arterial blood gases, suitable constant times and a better adjustment to experimental data. The proposed model adjusts the breathing pattern every respiratory cycle using an optimization criterion based on minimization of work of breathing through regulation of respiratory frequency.Peer Reviewe

State of the Art in Neurotechnologies for Assistance and Rehabilitation in Spain: Support Technologies, Technology Transfer and Clinical Application

[EN] Neurotechnologies are those technologies aimed to study the nervous system, or to improve its function. In rehabilitation and assistance this term encompasses a very varied set of them. This paper reviews recent advances made in Spain in the investigation, development, and application of the technologies that play complementary and supportive roles in the rehabilitation and assistive function. Besides, it reviews the progresses in technology transfer and clinical applications of neurotechnologies.[ES] Se denominan neurotecnologías a aquellas tecnologías dirigidas al estudio del sistema nervioso o a mejorar su función. En el ámbito de la rehabilitación y asistencia el término engloba un conjunto muy variado de ellas. En este artículo se revisan los avances logrados en España en la investigación, desarrollo y aplicación de las tecnologías que juegan diversos papeles auxiliares en la función rehabilitadora y asistencial. Igualmente, se revisan los progresos en trasferencia tecnológica y en usos clínicos de las neurotecnologías.Los autores quieren agradecer el apoyo de NEUROTEC – Red Temática de Investigación en Neurotecnologías para la Asistencia y la Rehabilitación (DPI2015-69098-REDT), financiada por Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.Barrios, LJ.; Minguillón, J.; Perales, FJ.; Ron-Angevin, R.; Solé-Casals, J.; Mañanas, MA. (2017). Estado del Arte en Neurotecnologías para la Asistencia y la Rehabilitación en España: Tecnologías Auxiliares, Trasferencia Tecnológica y Aplicación Clínica. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 14(4):355-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2017.06.004OJS355361144Alcoba, S., Minguillón, J., Morillas, C., López-Gordo, M. A., Castillo, R., Pelayo, F., 2015. 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Precuneus failures in subjects of the PSEN1 E280A family at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease detected using quantitative electroencephalography

Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations are the most common cause of familial early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The PSEN1 E280A (E280A) mutation has an autosomal dominant inheritance and is involved in the production of amyloid-ß. The largest family group of carriers with E280A mutation is found in Antioquia, Colombia. The study of mutation carriers provides a unique opportunity to identify brain changes in stages previous to AD. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a low cost and minimally invasiveness technique that enables the following of brain changes in AD. Objective: To examine how previous reported differences in EEG for Theta and Alpha-2 rhythms in E280A subjects are related to specific regions in cortex and could be tracked across different ages. Methods: EEG signals were acquired during resting state from non-carriers and carriers, asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects from E280A kindred from Antioquia, Colombia. Independent component analysis (ICA) and inverse solution methods were used to locate brain regions related to differences in Theta and Alpha-2 bands. Results: ICA identified two components, mainly related to the Precuneus, where the differences in Theta and Alpha-2 exist simultaneously at asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. When the ratio between Theta and Alpha-2 is used, significant correlations exist with age and a composite cognitive scale. Conclusion: Theta and Alpha-2 rhythms are altered in E280A subjects. The alterations are possible to track at Precuneus regions using EEG, ICA, and inverse solution methods.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Precuneus failures in subjects of the PSEN1 E280A family at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease detected using quantitative electroencephalography

Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations are the most common cause of familial early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The PSEN1 E280A (E280A) mutation has an autosomal dominant inheritance and is involved in the production of amyloid-ß. The largest family group of carriers with E280A mutation is found in Antioquia, Colombia. The study of mutation carriers provides a unique opportunity to identify brain changes in stages previous to AD. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a low cost and minimally invasiveness technique that enables the following of brain changes in AD. Objective: To examine how previous reported differences in EEG for Theta and Alpha-2 rhythms in E280A subjects are related to specific regions in cortex and could be tracked across different ages. Methods: EEG signals were acquired during resting state from non-carriers and carriers, asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects from E280A kindred from Antioquia, Colombia. Independent component analysis (ICA) and inverse solution methods were used to locate brain regions related to differences in Theta and Alpha-2 bands. Results: ICA identified two components, mainly related to the Precuneus, where the differences in Theta and Alpha-2 exist simultaneously at asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. When the ratio between Theta and Alpha-2 is used, significant correlations exist with age and a composite cognitive scale. Conclusion: Theta and Alpha-2 rhythms are altered in E280A subjects. The alterations are possible to track at Precuneus regions using EEG, ICA, and inverse solution methods.Peer Reviewe