Penggunaan Media Kartu Bergambar Dalam Pengembangan Materi Ajar Buku Hanyu Tingli Jiaocheng Untuk Mata Kuliah Menyimak I Dan II Bahasa Mandarin

This research focused on the study on the development of teaching materials using the instructional media card with a picture in a book “Hanyu Tingli Jiaocheng” especially vocabulary as supporting the learning process. The choosing of appropriate learning media supported the teaching-learning process. The choosing of the media must be done carefully using many considerations to achieve the target of learning in facilitating the learners. This research was conducted on the Mandarin Listening I and II. Approproate teaching materials are needed to support teachers who teach this course. This study used qualitative research. The research was done in the Basic Class I and Basic Class II. The result showed that the Mandarin students got new concept for Mandarin learning process

Structure revision of the Penicillium alkaloids haenamindole and citreoindole

Herein, we describe the isolation of rare alkaloids, haenamindole and citreoindole, from a South China Sea deep-sea fungus, Penicillium citrinum (MF006), and their structure revision based on detailed spectroscopic and C-3 Marfey's analysis. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Social media in China

Praca przedstawia historię i aktualny krajobraz mediów społecznościowych w Chinach, gdzie serwisy społecznościowe były inspirowane zachodnich platform w początkowych etapach ich rozwoju, a następnie wypracowały swoje unikalne cechy. Podjęto także próbę wyjaśnienia różnic kulturowych między Chinami a Zachodem na trendy oraz zachowania użytkowników na różnych platformach. Z perspektywy codziennego użytkowania, badanie wykorzystuje metodę case study do analizy czterech popularnych w Chinach mediów społecznościowych, w tym Sina Weibo, Xiaohongshu, Bilibili i Douyin.This thesis explores the evolution and present state of social media in China, where the inception of networking sites was inspired by Western platforms, eventually cultivating their distinct characteristics. An attempt has also been made to explain the influence of cultural differences between China and the West on trends and user behavior across various platforms. Taking into account daily usage patterns, the study employs a case study method to analyze four popular social media platforms in China, namely Sina Weibo, Xiaohongshu, Bilibili, and Douyin

SnO2-Based Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Application in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors

Tin dioxide (SnO2) is an important n-type wide-bandgap semiconductor, and SnO2-based nanostructures are presenting themselves as one of the most important classes due to their various tunable physicochemical properties. In this paper, we firstly outline the syntheses of phase-pure SnO2 hierarchical structures with different morphologies such as nanorods, nanosheets, and nanospheres, as well as their modifications by doping and compositing with other materials. Then, we reviewed the design of SnO2-based nanostructures with improved performance in the areas of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors

Adaptive Robust Formation Control of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Swarm System Based on Constraint Following.

This article proposes an adaptive robust formation control scheme for the connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) swarm system by utilizing swarm property, diffeomorphism transformation, and constraint following. The control design is processed by starting from a 2-D dynamics model with (possibly fast) time varying but bounded uncertainty. The uncertainty bounds are unknown. For compact formation, the CAV system is treated as an artificial swarm system, for which the ideal swarm performance is taken as a desired constraint. By this, formation control is converted into a problem of constraint following and then a performance measure β is defined as the control object to evaluate the constraint following error. For collision avoidance, a diffeomorphism transformation on space measure between two vehicles is creatively performed, by which the space measure is positive restricted. For uncertainty handling, an adaptive robust control scheme is proposed to render the β-measure to be uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded, that is, drive the controlled (CAV) swarm system to follow the desired constraint approximatively. As a result, the system can achieve the ideal swarm performance; thereout, compact formation is realized, regardless of the uncertainty. The main contribution of this article is exploring a 2-D formation control scheme for (CAV) swarm system under the consideration of collision avoidance and time-varying uncertainty

Comparative Effectiveness of Different Combinations of Treatment Interventions in Patients with Stroke at the Convalescence Stage Based on the Markov Decision Process

Objective. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different combinations of interventions in patients with stroke at the convalescence stage based on the electronic health records (EHRs) by using the Markov decision process (MDP) theory and explore the feasibility of the Markov model in the real-world study (RWS). Methods. Screening was conducted for patients with stroke at the convalescence stage who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2012 to January 2017 based on the EHRs. The relevant clinical data were extracted, and the appropriate conversion was made (state-action-reward) according to the Markov model. The transformed data were analysed and solved by the MDP to obtain the best interventions for patients with various stroke recovery periods. Results. 926 patients with stroke at the convalescence stage were initially selected. And according to the inclusion exclusion criteria, 854 patients were screened. Through the MDP, we obtained the following results: (1)when the patients with stroke at the convalescence stage have a medical history, but no complications, and mild neurological impairment, ≥66-year- and 18–45-year-old patients are advised to choose acupuncture treatment. 46–65-year-old patients are advised to choose rehabilitation treatment. When patients with moderate to severe neurological impairment, patients are advised to choose rehabilitation, Chinese herbal decoction, and acupuncture combined therapy. (2) Without complications or medical history, patients who are ≥ 66 years old are recommended to choose rehabilitation treatment when the nerve function impairment is mild; rehabilitation and acupuncture treatment are recommended when moderate and severe injuries are caused. (3) The combination of rehabilitation, Chinese herbal decoction, and acupuncture treatment is recommended for patients with phlegm and blood stasis. Acupuncture treatment is recommended for patients with mild impairment of nerve function in qi deficiency and blood stasis type. Rehabilitation, Chinese herbal decoction, and acupuncture treatment are recommended for moderate-severe injuries. Conclusions. The MDP makes it possible to study the effectiveness of various treatment methods in stroke patients who are at the convalescence stage. Further exploratory studies using MDP theory in other areas in which complex interventions are common would be worthwhile

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Wheat Straw Biomass under Light Radiation and their Antibacterial Activity

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized with wheat straw biomass at room temperature using light irradiation. The reaction conditions were optimized, including the light intensity, biomass concentration, NaCl addition, and reaction time. The silver nanoparticles fabricated at the optimum conditions (light intensity 60,000 lx, biomass concentration 2 mg/mL, and reaction time 90 min) were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential. The TEM results showed that the silver nanoparticles were mostly spherical, with an average diameter of 17.2 nm. The zeta potential of AgNPs reached -21.6 mV. The XRD spectra showed that the AgNPs were highly crystalline, with four characteristic peaks. The FTIR of nanoparticles implied that alcohols and proteins may have a vital role in the formation and stability of AgNPs. The silver nanoparticles synthesized by wheat straw biomass revealed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strains