Malignant pilomatricoma with multiple bone metastases in a dog: Histological and immunohistochemical study.

An eleven year-old mongrel dog was referred with a history of left forelimb lameness and an ulcerated mass on the neck. Histologically, the cutaneous neoplasm revealed cystic lobules composed of basaloid cells with abrupt transition to central keratotic material, containing pycnotic and shadow cells. Approximately 3 months after primary diagnosis, a lesion of the cortical bone on the left humerus was observed using X-ray. Samples obtained from the humerus were processed for histopathological examination and the neoplastic tissue was observed to be similar to the type identified in the neck. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant pilomatricoma (MP) with bone metastasis. MP is a rare skin tumor that originates from hair matrix cells. To date, only nine reports have been presented in dogs. In the present study, we discuss the cytological and histological patterns of MP, confirmed by immunohistochemistry using β catenin antibody

Malignant pilomatricoma with multiple bone metastases in a dog: Histological and immunohistochemical study

An eleven year-old mongrel dog was referred with a history of left forelimb lameness and an ulcerated mass on the neck. Histologically, the cutaneous neoplasm revealed cystic lobules composed of basaloid cells with abrupt transition to central keratotic material, containing pycnotic and shadow cells. Approximately 3 months after primary diagnosis, a lesion of the cortical bone on the left humerus was observed using X-ray. Samples obtained from the humerus were processed for histopathological examination and the neoplastic tissue was observed to be similar to the type identified in the neck. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant pilomatricoma (MP) with bone metastasis. MP is a rare skin tumor that originates from hair matrix cells. To date, only nine reports have been presented in dogs. In the present study, we discuss the cytological and histological patterns of MP, confirmed by immunohistochemistry using β catenin antibody

NCAM (CD56) Expression in keratin-producing odontogenic cysts: aberrant expression in KCOT

Background: Keratin-producing odontogenic cysts (KPOCs) are a group of cystic lesions that are often aggressive, with high rates of recurrence and multifocality. KPOCs included orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst (OOC) and parakeratotic odontogenic cysts, which are now considered true tumours denominated keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOTs). GLUT1 is a protein transporter that is involved in the active uptake of glucose across cell membranes and that is overexpressed in tumours in close correlation with the proliferation rate and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging results. Methods: A series of 58 keratin-producing odontogenic cysts was evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically in terms of GLUT1 expression. Different data were correlated using the beta regression model in relation to histological type and immunohistochemical expression of GLUT1, which was quantified using two different morphological methods. Results: KPOC cases comprised 12 OOCs and 46 KCOTs, the latter corresponding to 6 syndromic and 40 sporadic KCOTs. GLUT1 expression was very low in OOC cases compared with KCOT cases, with statistical significant differences when quantification was considered. Different GLUT1 localisation patterns were revealed by immunostaining, with the parabasal cells showing higher reactivity in KCOTs. However, among KCOTs cases, GLUT1 expression was unable to establish differences between syndromic and sporadic cases. Conclusions: GLUT1 expression differentiated between OOC and KCOT cases, with significantly higher expression in KCOTs, but did not differentiate between syndromic and sporadic KCOT cases. However, given the structural characteristics of KCOTs, we hypothesised that PET imaging methodology is probably not a useful diagnostic tool for KCOTs. Further studies of GLUT1 expression and PET examination in KCOT series are needed to confirm this last hypothesis. Keywords: Glucose transporter protein, Immunohistochemistry, Keratin-producing odontogenic cyst, Keratocystic odontogenic tumour, Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst, Positron emission tomograph

Higher Expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8 Chemokines in the Skin Associated with Parasite Density in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Several previous studies correlated immunopathological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) with tissue parasite load and/or the clinical status of the disease. Recently, different aspects of the immune response in Leishmania-infected dogs have been studied, particularly the profile of cytokines in distinct compartments. However, the role of chemokines in disease progression or parasite burdens of the visceralising species represents an important approach for understanding immunopathology in CVL. We found an increase in inflammatory infiltrate, which was mainly composed of mononuclear cells, in the skin of animals presenting severe forms of CVL and high parasite density. Our data also demonstrated that enhanced parasite density is positively correlated with the expression of CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21, and CXCL8. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between parasite density and CCL24 expression. These findings represent an advance in the knowledge of the involvement of skin inflammatory infiltrates in CVL and the systemic consequences and may contribute to developing a rational strategy for the design of new and more efficient prophylactic tools and immunological therapies against CVL

Sebaceous carcinoma of the lip.

Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an uncommon neoplasm. To date fewer than 400 cases have been reported in literature. Due to the low incidence and the not universally accepted histopathological classification, it presents diagnostic problems1. Generally, the lesions arise in the meibomian glands of the eyelid. However, extra-ocular localisation in the head and neck region have been reported. While several reports have documented sebaceous adenomas arising from sebaceous glands of the oral cavity, oral sebaceous carcinomas are extremely rare. To date only six cases have been described2. The salivary glands too are considered an uncommon site, even if some cases arising in the parotid gland were recognised. Herein we reported a case of SC arising in the lateral edge of the lower lip in a 71-year-old men. To the best of our knowledge this is the second case described in lips. The clinical differential diagnosis included squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation (BCCSD) and salivary gland neoplasms. The operation was performed under local anaesthesia. The lesion was removed with 0.5 cm of free margins and a W shaped wedge. The defect was primarily closed. The post-operative course was uneventful. Although SC may be found among the multiple sebaceous neoplasms occurring in association with multiple visceral carcinomas in the Muir-Torre syndrome, in the present case the lip was the only localisation of SC. SC must be distinguished from basal cell carcinoma with sebaceous differentiation (BCCSD). The diagnosis may be facilitated by lipophylic stains on frozen sections or immunostains for EMA and S-100

Epidermal nevus syndrome: epithelial and cutaneous tumours without systemic disorders: a case report.

Epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) is a rare disease characterized by the association of epidermal nevi with abnormalities in other organs and districts affecting prevalently pediatric patients1. The first descriptions of an association of epidermal nevi, neurologic disorders and mental retardation were made by Schimmelpenning in 19572 and extensively reviewed in 1975 by Solomon and Esterly. Central nervous system (cortical atrophy, mental retardation, cerebrovascular malformations and neoplasias), skeletal system (bone cysts, scoliosis syndactyly, polydactyly, chinodacctyly) and eyes (choristomas, bilateral cataracts, colobomas) are most commonly involved while endocrine (hypophosphatemic rickets and precocious puberty), cardio-vascular (aneurysms and malformations), urogenital (testicular adenomas, double ureters), oral and skin lesion other than epidermal nevi were also reported1. It has been determined that there is not just one category of ENS, distinguished from each other by their clinical features and genetic pattern. In 1995, Happle defined six types of ENS but, for the polymorphism showed by the syndrome, different association of anomalies may be present. Sebaceous nevus syndrome, nevus comedonicus syndrome, Becker nevus syndrome, Proteus syndrome, CHILD syndrome are only some examples of the clinical features showed by ENS3. We reported a case of a patients affected by epidermal nevus syndrome with the concomitant presence of oral papillomatosis and cutaneous anomalies including nevi, basal cell carcinoma and siryngocystadenoma without systemic involvement. A concise analysis of the principal epithelial, oral and other lesions associated with ENS and a discussion of the possible relationship between our findings and ENS was performed

Epidermal nevus syndrome: epithelial and cutaneous tumours without systemic disorders: a case report

Epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) is a rare disease characterized by the association of epidermal nevi with abnormalities in other organs and districts affecting prevalently pediatric patients1. The first descriptions of an association of epidermal nevi, neurologic disorders and mental retardation were made by Schimmelpenning in 19572 and extensively reviewed in 1975 by Solomon and Esterly. Central nervous system (cortical atrophy, mental retardation, cerebrovascular malformations and neoplasias), skeletal system (bone cysts, scoliosis syndactyly, polydactyly, chinodacctyly) and eyes (choristomas, bilateral cataracts, colobomas) are most commonly involved while endocrine (hypophosphatemic rickets and precocious puberty), cardio-vascular (aneurysms and malformations), urogenital (testicular adenomas, double ureters), oral and skin lesion other than epidermal nevi were also reported1. It has been determined that there is not just one category of ENS, distinguished from each other by their clinical features and genetic pattern. In 1995, Happle defined six types of ENS but, for the polymorphism showed by the syndrome, different association of anomalies may be present. Sebaceous nevus syndrome, nevus comedonicus syndrome, Becker nevus syndrome, Proteus syndrome, CHILD syndrome are only some examples of the clinical features showed by ENS3. We reported a case of a patients affected by epidermal nevus syndrome with the concomitant presence of oral papillomatosis and cutaneous anomalies including nevi, basal cell carcinoma and siryngocystadenoma without systemic involvement. A concise analysis of the principal epithelial, oral and other lesions associated with ENS and a discussion of the possible relationship between our findings and ENS was performed