50 research outputs found
Marketing implications of traditional and ICT-mediated leisure activities
This study investigates the role of traditional and information and communication technology (ICT)-mediated leisure activities in consumer behaviour. An online survey of 558 members and 1319 ex-members of an Australian DVD rental company gathered preferences for nine traditional leisure activities and seven ICT-mediated leisure activities. The results of a cluster analysis showed four clusters with significant cluster differences across leisure activities and across demographics and consumer behaviours. For practitioners, the study illustrates how profiling customers on their leisure preferences can increase advertising effectiveness, reflect loyalty and help predict customer lifetime value. For academia, the results reveal how another consumer dimension, leisure activities, relates to demographic and behavioural characteristics
Primordial perturbations in a non singular bouncing universe model
We construct a simple non singular cosmological model in which the currently
observed expansion phase was preceded by a contraction. This is achieved, in
the framework of pure general relativity, by means of a radiation fluid and a
free scalar field having negative energy. We calculate the power spectrum of
the scalar perturbations that are produced in such a bouncing model and find
that, under the assumption of initial vacuum state for the quantum field
associated with the hydrodynamical perturbation, this leads to a spectral index
n=-1. The matching conditions applying to this bouncing model are derived and
shown to be different from those in the case of a sharp transition. We find
that if our bounce transition can be smoothly connected to a slowly contracting
phase, then the resulting power spectrum will be scale invariant.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX 4, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
History of clinical transplantation
How transplantation came to be a clinical discipline can be pieced together by perusing two volumes of reminiscences collected by Paul I. Terasaki in 1991-1992 from many of the persons who were directly involved. One volume was devoted to the discovery of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with particular reference to the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that are widely used today for tissue matching.1 The other focused on milestones in the development of clinical transplantation.2 All the contributions described in both volumes can be traced back in one way or other to the demonstration in the mid-1940s by Peter Brian Medawar that the rejection of allografts is an immunological phenomenon.3,4 © 2008 Springer New York
First-principles quantum transport modeling of thermoelectricity in single-molecule nanojunctions with graphene nanoribbon electrodes
We overview nonequilibrium Green function combined with density functional
theory (NEGF-DFT) modeling of independent electron and phonon transport in
nanojunctions with applications focused on a new class of thermoelectric
devices where a single molecule is attached to two metallic zigzag graphene
nanoribbons (ZGNRs) via highly transparent contacts. Such contacts make
possible injection of evanescent wavefunctions from ZGNRs, so that their
overlap within the molecular region generates a peak in the electronic
transmission. Additionally, the spatial symmetry properties of the transverse
propagating states in the ZGNR electrodes suppress hole-like contributions to
the thermopower. Thus optimized thermopower, together with diminished phonon
conductance through a ZGNR/molecule/ZGNR inhomogeneous structure, yields the
thermoelectric figure of merit ZT~0.5 at room temperature and 0.5<ZT<2.5 below
liquid nitrogen temperature. The reliance on evanescent mode transport and
symmetry of propagating states in the electrodes makes the
electronic-transport-determined power factor in this class of devices largely
insensitive to the type of sufficiently short conjugated organic molecule,
which we demonstrate by showing that both 18-annulene and C10 molecule
sandwiched by the two ZGNR electrodes yield similar thermopower. Thus, one can
search for molecules that will further reduce the phonon thermal conductance
(in the denominator of ZT) while keeping the electronic power factor (in the
nominator of ZT) optimized. We also show how often employed Brenner empirical
interatomic potential for hydrocarbon systems fails to describe phonon
transport in our single-molecule nanojunctions when contrasted with
first-principles results obtained via NEGF-DFT methodology.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures; mini-review article prepared for the special
issue of the Journal of Computational Electronics on "Simulation of Thermal,
Thermoelectric, and Electrothermal Phenomena in Nanostructures", edited by I.
Knezevic and Z. Aksamij
A review of symptomatic leg length inequality following total hip arthroplasty
Leg length inequality (LLI) following total hip replacement is a complication which features increasingly in the recent literature. The definition of LLI is complicated by lack of consensus regarding radiological measurement, clinical measurement and the incomplete relationship between LLI and associated symptoms. This paper reviews 79 reports relating to LLI post hip replacement, detailing definitions and classification and highlighting patient populations prone to symptomatic LLI. While there is no universal definition of LLI, there is a broad consensus that less than 10 mm of difference on AP view plain radiographs is clinically acceptable. There are few techniques described that consistently produce a postoperative LLI of less than this magnitude. Where postoperative LLI exists, lengthening appears to cause more problems than shortening. In cases of mild LLI, non-surgical management produces adequate outcomes in the majority of cases, with functional LLI cases doing better than those with true LLI. Operative correction is effective in half of cases, even where nerve palsy is present, and remains an important option of last resort. Poor outcomes in patients with LLI may be minimised if individuals at risk are identified and counselled appropriately
The underlying social identities of a nation's brand
The purpose of this paper is to draw on self-categorisation theory and nation branding to investigate the social identities and influences which underpin consumer preferences for national brands.
A survey in Mozambique, an underdeveloped African country, compared a domestic mobile phone company whose brand contains the country name against a European brand. Consumer ethnocentrism might arise identifying with the national brand or with Mozambican personalities endorsing the brand. Value-expressiveness might arise from consumers associating with celebrity endorsers. A dichotomy of youth versus older consumers moderated the relationships between social identities and brand preference. Bayesian structural equation modelling using Monte Carlo simulations estimated the path coefficients from a sample of 611.
Across age groups, ethnocentrism is stronger than value-expressiveness in determining preference for national brands. Moreover, ethnocentrism is stronger with the older rather than younger consumers. Consumer ethnocentrism stemmed mainly from injunctive influence (IN) with both age groups. With older consumers, value-expressiveness related significantly to descriptive influence, but not to IN. With youth, neither social influence significantly related to value-expressiveness.
Single-item measures might be less effective than multi-item measures for psychological concepts of social identities and influences.
Understanding the role of social identity in consumer preferences for national brands may help managers heighten consumers' social identities and increase their loyalty for national brands. Shedding light on under-researched African consumers may help firms doing business in these emerging markets as well as African governments that are attempting to strengthen the perceptions of their nation brand.
This paper bridges research in social psychology and international marketing by investigating the social identities and influences that underpin consumer preferences for national brands