Toxic Metals in Breast Milk Samples from Ankara, Turkey: Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, and Arsenic Levels

Toxic metals are one of the significant groups of chemical contaminants that humans are exposed to by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Exposure to these chemicals begins with intrauterine life and continues during lactation period at the first years of life. Breastfeeding has a much more special place than other nutrition options for infants. However, when possibility of contaminant transfer by breast milk is considered, its safety and quality is essential. Regarding infant and mother health and limited number of information on this field in Turkey, measuring contamination levels in breast milk is important. Therefore, in the present study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in 64 breast milk samples obtained from mothers from Ankara, Turkey. Pb and Ni levels in breast milk samples were found to be 391.45 +/- 269.01 mu g/l and 43.94 +/- 33.82 mu g/l (mean +/- SD), respectively. Cd was found only in one of 64 samples, and the level was 4.62 mu g/l. As level was below the limit of quantification (LOQ, 7.6 mu g/l) in all samples. These findings will accurately direct strategies and solutions of protection against contaminants in order to reduce their levels in biological fluids

Toxic Metals in Breast Milk Samples from Ankara, Turkey: Assessment of Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, and Arsenic Levels

Toxic metals are one of the significant groups of chemical contaminants that humans are exposed to by oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Exposure to these chemicals begins with intrauterine life and continues during lactation period at the first years of life. Breastfeeding has a much more special place than other nutrition options for infants. However, when possibility of contaminant transfer by breast milk is considered, its safety and quality is essential. Regarding infant and mother health and limited number of information on this field in Turkey, measuring contamination levels in breast milk is important. Therefore, in the present study, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in 64 breast milk samples obtained from mothers from Ankara, Turkey. Pb and Ni levels in breast milk samples were found to be 391.45 +/- 269.01 mu g/l and 43.94 +/- 33.82 mu g/l (mean +/- SD), respectively. Cd was found only in one of 64 samples, and the level was 4.62 mu g/l. As level was below the limit of quantification (LOQ, 7.6 mu g/l) in all samples. These findings will accurately direct strategies and solutions of protection against contaminants in order to reduce their levels in biological fluids

[Surgical treatment in non-small cell lung cancer invading to the chest wall (T3) and vertebra (T4)].

The involvement of the chest wall (T3) or the vertebra (T4) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is seen at a ratio between 3-8% in patient's undergone surgery. The most important factors affecting the survival in both T3 and T4 tumors are the absence of lymph node invasion and a complete resection application. Amount of 162 cases were subjected to operation due to NSCLC between January 2004-July 2006. Examined retrospectively, these cases were determined to be chest wall invasion in 12 (7.4%) cases and vertebra invasion in 4 (2.5%) cases. T3 and T4 tumors with N0 lymph nodules were removed during operation. En block resection was applied to three cases with chest wall invasion and extrapleural resection was applied to nine cases. All the cases with vertebra invasion were subjected to en block resection and instrumentation. While left lower lobectomy with posterolateral thoracotomy was applied to one case following hemicorpectomy and instrumentation under posterior approach, lung resection following hemicorpectomy and instrumentation with a posterolateral thoracotomy approach were applied to two cases. However, chest wall resection without instrumentation was applied to one case following partial corpectomy. The patients underwent a complete resection and having no lymph node invasion show a long lasting survival with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy preoperatively and/or postoperatively

Neuroprotective Effect of Genistein in Peripheral Nerve Injury

AIM: To investigate the effects of genistein in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection. The effects of genistein were compared with those of gabapentin, which is widely used in clinical practice for peripheral nerve injury