Adaptive comanagement in the Venice lagoon? An analysis of current water and environmental management practices and prospects for change

Adaptive comanagement (ACM) is often suggested as a way of handling the modern challenges of environmental governance, which include uncertainty and complexity. ACM is a novel combination of the learning dimension of adaptive management and the linkage dimension of comanagement. As has been suggested, there is a need for more insight on enabling policy environments for ACM success and failure. Picking up on this agenda we provide a case study of the world famous Venice lagoon in Italy. We address the following questions: first, to what extent are four institutional prescriptions typically associated with ACM currently practiced in the Venice system? Second, to what extent is learning taking place in the Venice system? Third, how is learning related to the implementation or nonimplementation of the prescriptions of ACM in the Venice system? Our analysis is based on interviews with stakeholders, participatory observation, and archive data. This paper demonstrates that the prescriptions of ACM are hardly followed in the Venice lagoon, but some levels of cognitive learning do take place, albeit very much within established management paradigms. Normative and relational learning are much rarer and when they do occur, they seem to have a relatively opportunistic reason. We propose that in particular the low levels of collaboration, because the governance system was deliberately set up in a hierarchical and mono-centric way, and the limited possibilities for stakeholder participation are implicated in this finding because they cause low levels of social capital and an incapacity to handle disagreements and uncertainty very well. © 2012 by the author(s)

Subdominant modes and optimization trends of DIII-D reverse magnetic shear configurations

Alfvén Eigenmodes (AE) and magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) modes are destabilized in DIII-D reverse magnetic shear configurations and may limit the performance of the device. We use the reduced MHD equations in a full 3D system, coupled with equations of density and parallel velocity moments for the energetic particles (with gyro-fluid closures) as well as the geodesic acoustic wave dynamics, to study the properties of instabilities observed in DIII-D reverse magnetic shear discharges. The aim of the study consists in finding ways to avoid or minimize MHD and AE activity for different magnetic field configurations and neutral beam injection (NBI) operational regimes. The simulations show at the beginning of the discharge, before the reverse shear region is formed, a plasma that is AE unstable and marginally MHD stable. As soon as the reverse shear region appears, ideal MHD modes are destabilized with a larger growth rate than the AEs. Both MHD modes and AEs coexist during the discharge, although the MHD modes are more unstable as the reverse shear region deepens. The simulations indicate the destabilization of Beta induced AE (BAE), Toroidal AE (TAE), elliptical AE (EAE) and reverse shear AE (RSAE) at different phases of the discharges, showing a reasonable agreement between the frequency range of the dominant modes in the simulations and the diagnostic measurements (...)This material based on work is supported both by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC and U.S. Department of Energy, Oce of Science, Oce of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Oce of Science user facility, under Award No. DE-FC02-04ER54698. This research was sponsored in part by the Ministerio of Economía y Competitividad of Spain under project no.ENE2015-68265-P. DIII-D data shown in this paper can be obtained in digital format by following the links at https://fusion.gat.com/global/D3D DMP.Publicad

Subdominant modes and optimization trends of DIII-D reverse magnetic shear configurations

Alfven Eigenmodes and magneto-hydrodynamic modes are destabilized in DIII-D reverse magnetic shear configurations and may limit the performance of the device. We use the reduced MHD equations in a full 3D system, coupled with equations of density and parallel velocity moments for the energetic particles (with gyro-fluid closures) as well as the geodesic acoustic wave dynamics. The aim of the study consists in finding ways to avoid or minimize MHD and AE activity for different magnetic field configurations and neutral beam injection operational regimes. The simulations show at the beginning of the discharge, before the reverse shear region is formed, a plasma that is AE unstable and marginally MHD stable. As soon as the reverse shear region appears, ideal MHD modes are destabilized with a larger growth rate than the AEs. Both MHD modes and AEs coexist during the discharge, although the MHD modes are more unstable as the reverse shear region deepens. The simulations indicate the destabilization of Beta induced AE, Toroidal AE, Elliptical AE and Reverse Shear AE at different phases of the discharges. A further analysis of the NBI operational regime indicates that the AE stability can be improved if the NBI injection is off axis, because on-axis injection leads to AEs with larger growth rate and frequency. In addition, decreasing the beam energy or increasing the NBI relative density leads to AEs with larger growth rate and frequency, so an NBI operation in the weakly resonant regime requires higher beam energies than in the experiment. The MHD linear stability can be also improved if the reverse shear region and the q profile near the magnetic axis are in between the rational surfaces q=2 and q=1, particularly if there is a region in the core with negative shear, avoiding a flat q profile near the magnetic axis

BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011

The BRENDA (BRaunschweig ENzyme Database, http://www.brenda-enzymes.org) enzyme information system is the main collection of enzyme functional and property data for the scientific community. The majority of the data are manually extracted from the primary literature. The content covers information on function, structure, occurrence, preparation and application of enzymes as well as properties of mutants and engineered variants. The number of manually annotated references increased by 30% to more than 100 000, the number of ligand structures by 45% to almost 100 000. New query, analysis and data management tools were implemented to improve data processing, data presentation, data input and data access. BRENDA now provides new viewing options such as the display of the statistics of functional parameters and the 3D view of protein sequence and structure features. Furthermore a ligand summary shows comprehensive information on the BRENDA ligands. The enzymes are linked to their respective pathways and can be viewed in pathway maps. The disease text mining part is strongly enhanced. It is possible to submit new, not yet classified enzymes to BRENDA, which then are reviewed and classified by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. A new SBML output format of BRENDA kinetic data allows the construction of organism-specific metabolic models

Viabilidade polínica e inferência da estabilidade genética em genótipos de cevada.

A cevada é uma importante alternativa de cultivo no inverno, podendo ser utilizada tanto na alimentação animal ou humana como também para a fabricação do malte. Fatores bióticos e abióticos podem influenciar na formação do grão de pólen e, consequentemente, na estabilidade genética da espécie. Em vista disso, objetivou-se realizar a análise citogenética de grãos de pólen em genótipos de cevada, a fim de verificar a viabilidade polínica para posterior uso em programas de melhoramento genético. Um conjunto de onze genótipos de cevada, de distintas origens, foi utilizado para a viabilidade polínica. Os genótipos foram semeados em casa de vegetação, com umidade parcialmente controlada, em julho de 2018 com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados. Foram coletadas nove espigas por genótipo e fixadas em Carnoy. As lâminas citológicas foram confeccionadas utilizando-se três anteras da mesma flor, da região mediana da espiga, seguindo a técnica de esmagamento, coradas com DAPI e foram analisados o número de grãos de pólen viáveis, inviáveis e com tamanhos diferentes em microscopia de epifluorescência. Além disso, foi realizada a medida de diâmetro de grãos de pólen utilizando-se uma escala em micrômetros, para dez células por lâmina e dispostas na região mediana. As imagens das células foram obtidas pelo programa Axion Vision Release 4.8.2. Foi possível concluir que os genótipos avaliados apresentam estabilidade genética, com viabilidade polínica acima de 84% e podem ser utilizados como genitores em um programa de melhoramento genético de cevada.bitstream/item/222525/1/BolPesqDes-95-online-2021.pd

Acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease: Data from a national AIEOP cohort identify priority areas of intervention in a hub-and-spoke system

: Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a frequent cause of hospitalization in sickle cell disease (SCD). Despite advances in acute care, many settings still lack knowledge about ACS best practices. After the AIEOP Guidelines were published in 2012, suggesting standardized management in Italy, a retrospective study was performed to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of ACS in children. From 2013 to 2018, 208 ACS episodes were presented by 122/583 kids in 11 centres. 73 were male, mean age 10.9 years, 85% African, 92% HbSS or Sβ°. In our hub-and-spoke system, a good adherence to Guidelines was documented, but discrepancies between reference centres and general hospitals were noted. Improvement is needed for timely transfer to reference centres, use of incentive spirometry, oxygen therapy and pain management

Avaliação de giberela e deoxinivalenol em cultivares de trigo do Ensaio Estadual de Cultivares de Trigo, em Coxilha, região do planalto médio do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2019.

Causada pelo fungo Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch, cuja principal forma assexuada é Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (Parry et al., 1995), a doença giberela ocorre em espigas e em grãos de trigo. Os sintomas típicos são espiguetas despigmentadas, de coloração esbranquiçada ou cor de palha, cujas aristas desviam do sentido das aristas de espiguetas sadias, e os grãos são chochos, enrugados, de coloração branco-rosada a pardo-clara (Parry et al., 1995; Lima, 2002; Lima, 2011). O patógeno pode produzir micotoxinas, como deoxinivalenol (DON) e zearalenona (ZEA), cujos limites máximos tolerados (LMT) foram regulamentados no Brasil em 2011 (Agência..., 2011). A ocorrência de epidemia de giberela é dependente da condição climática, sendo favoráveis à doença o excesso de precipitação pluvial e altas temperaturas (Parry et al., 1995, Lima et al, 2002, Lima, 2004). Se houver condições adequadas, a esta doença, a mesma poderá ocorrer a partir do espigamento (Lima, 2003). O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a intensidade de ocorrência de giberela e da micotoxina deoxinivalenol em genótipos do Ensaio Estadual de Cultivares (EEC) de trigo, implantado em Coxilha, região do planalto médio do Rio Grande do, RS, em 2019

Dust Environment Model of the Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov

2I/Borisov is the first interstellar comet discovered on 2019 August 30, and it soon showed a coma and a dust tail. This study reports the results of images obtained at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo telescope, on La Palma - Canary Islands, in 2019 November and December. The images have been obtained with the R filter in order to apply our dust tail model. The model has been applied to the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and compared to the Rosetta dust measurements showing a very good agreement. It has been applied to the comet 2I/Borisov, using almost the same parameters, obtaining a dust environment similar to that of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, suggesting that the activity may be very similar. The dust tail analysis provided a dust-loss rate Qd ≍ 35 kg s-1 in 2019 November and Qd ≍ 30 kg s-1 in 2019 December

AL-FEC for streaming services in LTE E-MBMS

3rd Generation Partnership Project specified Application Layer - Forward Error Correction (AL-FEC) to be used for Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (E-MBMS) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Specifically, Raptor coding is applied to both streaming and file delivery services. This article focuses on streaming services and investigates the optimum configuration of the AL-FEC mechanism depending on the signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio conditions. These configurations are compared with a scenario without an application layer protection to obtain the potential gain that can be achieved by means of AL-FEC. This article also studies the multiplexing of services within the AL-FEC time interleaving. These analyses were performed using a proprietary system level simulator and assuming both pedestrian and vehicular users. Different quality criterions were used to ensure the completeness of the study. Results show the significant benefit of using AL-FEC in E-MBMS in terms of coverage and service quality.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science under the project TEC2011-27723-C02-02.Calabuig Gaspar, J.; Monserrat Del Río, JF.; Gozálvez Serrano, D.; Gómez Barquero, D. (2013). AL-FEC for streaming services in LTE E-MBMS. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2013(73):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2013-73S1122013733GPP TS 25.346 V6.4.0, Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2, 2005.Deng H, Tao X, Lu J: Qos-aware resource allocation for mixed multicast and unicast traffic in OFDMA networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2012, 2012(195):1-10. 10.1186/1687-1499-2012-1953GPP TS 26.346 V9.5.0, Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Protocols and codecs, 2011.Shokrollahi A: Raptor codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2006, 52(6):2251-2567. 10.1109/TIT.2006.8743903GPP TS 25.346 V7.5.0, Introduction of the Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) in the Radio Access Network (RAN); Stage 2, 2007.Martín-Sacristán D, Monserrat JF, Cabrejas J, Calabuig D, Garrigas S, Cardona N: On the way towards fourth-generation mobile: 3GPP LTE and LTE-advanced. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2009, 1-10. 10.1155/2009/3540893GPP TS 36.211 V.8.5.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical Channels and Modulation, 2008.3GPP TS 36.300 V9.1.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description, 2009.Monserrat JF, Calabuig J, Fernandez-Aguilella A, Gomez-Barquero D: Joint delivery of unicast and E-MBMS services in LTE networks. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 2012, 58(2):157-167. 10.1109/TBC.2012.2191030Alexiou A, Bouras C, Kokkinos V, Papazois A, Tsichritzis G: Wireless Multi-Access Environments and Quality of Service Provisioning: Solutions and Application, Multimedia broadcasting in LTE networks. Edited by: Muntean GM, Trestian R. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2012:269-289.Wang N, Zhang Z: The impact of application layer Raptor FEC on the coverage of MBMS. Radio and Wireless Symposium, 2008 IEEE 2008, 223-226. 10.1109/RWS.2008.4463469Gomez-Barquero D, Fernandez-Aguilella A, Cardona N: Multicast delivery of file download services in evolved 3G mobile networks with HSDPA and MBMS. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting. 2009, 55(4):742-751. 10.1109/TBC.2009.2032800Stockhammer T, Shokrollahi A, Watson M, Luby M, Gasiba T: Handbook of Mobile Broadcasting: DVB-H, DMB, ISDB-T and Media FLO, Application layer forward error correction for mobile multimedia broadcasting. Edited by: Furhet B, Ahson S. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2008:239–-280.Afzal J, Stockhammer T, Gasiba T, Xu W: Video streaming over MBMS: a system design approach. Journal of Multimedia. 2006, 1(5):25-35.Alexiou A, Bouras C, Kokkinos V, Papazois A, Tseliou G: Cellular Networks - Positioning, Performance Analysis, Reliability, Forward error correction for reliable e-MBMS transmissions in LTE networks. Edited by: Melikov A. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech; 2011:353-374.Munaretto D, Jurca D, Widmer J: Broadcast video streaming in cellular networks: An adaptation framework for channel, video and AL-FEC rates allocation. Wireless Internet Conference (WICON), 2010 The 5th Annual ICST 2010, 1-9.Bouras C, Kanakis N, Kokkinos V, Papazois A: Application layer forward error correction for multicast streaming over LTE networks. Int. J. Commun. Syst 2012. 10.1002/dac.2321RaptorQ technical overview, Qualcomm Technical Report 2010. http://www.qualcomm.com/instella_api/asset/3cd5b620-afea-012d-72bc-12313804dc61Mladenov T, Kim K, Nooshabadi S: Forward error correction with RaptorQ Code on embedded systems. Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2011 IEEE 54th International Midwest Symposium 2011, 1-4. 10.1109/MWSCAS.2011.6026424Calabuig J, Monserrat JF, Martín-Sacristán D, Olmos J: Comparison of multicast/broadcast services in Long Term Evolution Advanced and IEEE 802.16m networks. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2012. 10.1002/wcm.2229Jiang X, Zhu G, Wu W, Gao Y: Design of LTE E-MBMS Dynamic Scheduling Information. Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2010 6th International Conference on 2010, 1-5. 10.1109/WICOM.2010.56002103GPP TS 36.331 V.9.9.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol Specification, 2011.Alberi Morel M-L, Kerboeuf S, Sayadi B, Leprovost Y, Faucheux F: Performance Evaluation of Channel Change for DVB-SH Streaming Services. Communications (ICC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on 2010, 1-6. 10.1109/ICC.2010.5502523WINNER + IMT-Advanced Calibration: Guidelines, software and results. 2009. http://projects.celtic-initiative.org/winner+/WINNER+%20Evaluation%20Group.htmlBrueninghaus K, Astely D, Salzer T, Visuri S, Alexiou A, Karger S, Seraji GA: Link performance models for system level simulations of broadband radio access systems, in Proceedings of 16th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). Berlin, Germany 2005, 4: 2306-2311. 10.1109/PIMRC.2005.1651855ITU-R M.2135, Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface technologies for IMT-Advanced. 2008. http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-M.2135-2008-PDF-E.pdf3GPP TS 36.101 V.9.10.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception. 2011.Rong L, Ben Haddada O, Elayoubi S-E: Analytical Analysis of the Coverage of a MBSFN OFDMA Network," Global Telecommunications Conference . IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE 2008, 1-5. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.4593GPP TSG-SA WG4 S4-100861, Relation between MBSFN area and intended MBMS service reception area, 2010.3GPP TR 36.213 V.9.3.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer procedures, 2010