Yield and fruit quality of Santa Cruz and Italian tomatoes depending on fruit thinning

O manejo do tomateiro cultivado em ambiente protegido, com ênfase no raleio de frutos, pode contribuir de forma significativa para a produção de frutos de qualidade superior, expressando assim o potencial de cada cultivar. Foi avaliado o efeito do raleio de frutos na produtividade e seus componentes e em alguns atributos de qualidade de frutos de genótipos de tomateiro dos segmentos Santa Cruz e Italiano de crescimento indeterminado, visando ao consumo in natura. Avaliaram-se 12 genótipos de tomate de mesa (seis híbridos experimentais e seis cultivares) e dois modos de condução (plantas conduzidas com e sem raleio de frutos). O experimento foi com parcelas subdivididas, distribuídas em blocos completos ao acaso com três repetições. As parcelas foram representadas pelos genótipos e as subparcelas pelos modos de condução. Avaliaram-se o número de frutos por planta, produtividade comercial de frutos, produtividade de frutos não-comercializáveis, massa média do fruto, comprimento e largura do fruto, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação entre SS e AT, teor de ácido ascórbico e teor de licopeno. O raleio dos frutos proporcionou incremento da produtividade comercial, massa média, comprimento e largura do fruto para os híbridos THX-02 e THX-03, do segmento Santa Cruz, e THX-04, THX-05 e Netuno, do segmento Italiano e não mostrou vantagens para a produção e seus componentes para os demais genótipos e características avaliadas. Considerando o raleio de frutos, os genótipos Giuliana e Sahel obtiveram maior produtividade comercial e massa média do fruto. Sem o raleio de frutos, 'Netuno' alcançou maior número de frutos por planta, porém, o híbrido Sahel foi quem se destacou por apresentar maior produtividade comercial e massa média do fruto. O raleio não influenciou a qualidade organoléptica dos genótipos avaliados. 'Avalon' apresentou maior teor de ácido ascórbico que 'Netuno' e 'Sahel'. 'Débora Max', THX-01, THX-02 e THX-04 foram semelhantes entre si quanto ao teor de licopeno e superaram 'Giuliana', 'Sahel', THX-03 e THX-06.The management of the tomato plant under greenhouse, with emphasis on fruit thinning, contributes significantly to the production of fruits of superior quality, expressing the potential of each cultivar. We determined the effect of fruit thinning on yield and its components in tomato hybrids of the Santa Cruz and Italian types of indeterminate growth, and we performed the qualitative characterization of the fruits, aiming in natura market. Twelve fresh-market tomato genotypes (six experimental hybrids and six commercial cultivars) and two training methods (with and without manual fruit thinning) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design was used in this trial, with split-plots and three replications. The plots were represented by genotypes and the subplots were constitued by training methods. Number of fruits per plant, yield of marketable and not marketable fruits, average fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width were measured. For quantitative characterization, pH, soluble solids concentration (SS), tritratable acidity (AT), ascorbic acid content, SS and AT ratio and lycopene content were measured. The fruit thinning increased marketable yield, average weight, length and width for the Santa Cruz hybrids THX-02 and THX-03 and for THX-04, THX-05 and Netuno, classified as Italian type. The fruit thinning did not provide benefits for yield and its components for the other evaluated characteristics and genotypes. Giuliana and Sahel genotypes presented higher marketable yield and average fruit weight. Without fruit thinning, 'Netuno' reached the highest number of fruits per plant, but the hybrid Sahel showed higher marketable yield and average fruit weight. Thinning did not affect the organoleptic quality of the genotypes. 'Avalon' showed higher ascorbic acid content than 'Netuno' and 'Sahel', and 'Débora Max', 'THX-01', 'THX-02' and 'THX-04', which were similar to each other in the content of lycopene, overcame 'Giuliana', 'Sahel', 'THX-03', and 'THX-06'.FAPESPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Analysis of Nursing Dissertations and Theses on Mental Health, Brazil, 1979-2007

This bibliographic study analyzes scientific texts published in the CEPEn database in the mental health field (1979-2007). A total of 280 abstracts were investigated, of which 208 were Master’s theses. The individuals investigated in these studies were professionals (57), patients (50), and professors and/or students (18). Among the themes addressed between 2000 and 2007 were the following: Nursing Care in Mental Health (40), Perception in Mental Health (37); and Transversality in Mental Health Care (27). This study provided an overview of the scientific research produced in the mental health field in Brazilian nursing graduate programs. We expect this study to elicit reflections concerning mental health care practice and enable new approaches for nursing promoting health and the prevention of diseases in order to enable patients to recover their citizenship, autonomy and quality of life.Se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, con el objetivo de analizar los textos científicos divulgados en la base de datos CEPEn en el área de salud mental (1979-2007). El total de resúmenes estudiados fueron 280, de los cuales 208 eran disertaciones de maestría. Los sujetos que se destacaron fueron los profesionales (57) y pacientes (50). Entre las temáticas abordadas se evidenciaron (2000-2007): el Cuidado de Enfermería en Salud Mental (40) y la Percepción en Salud Mental (37). Este trabajo posibilitó obtener una visión panorámica sobre la producción científica en salud mental en los cursos de Posgraduación en Enfermería en Brasil. Esperamos que el estudio incentive la reflexión sobre las prácticas de cuidado en salud mental y posibilite nuevos abordajes en enfermería con el objetivo de promover la salud y prevenir daños, de forma a favorecer la ciudadanía, la autonomía y la calidad de vida de los sujetos envueltos.Trata-se de estudo bibliográfico, com o objetivo de analisar os textos científicos, divulgados na base de dados CEPEn, na área de saúde mental (1979-2007). O total de resumos estudados foi 280, dos quais 208 constituíam-se de dissertações de mestrado. Os sujeitos que se destacaram foram os profissionais (57) e pacientes (50). Dentre as temáticas abordadas evidenciaram-se (2000-2007): o cuidado de enfermagem em saúde mental (40) e a percepção em saúde mental (37). Este trabalho possibilitou visualização panorâmica acerca da produção científica em saúde mental nos cursos de pós-graduação em enfermagem, no Brasil. Espera-se, aqui, que o estudo suscite reflexões acerca das práticas de cuidado em saúde mental e possibilite novas abordagens em enfermagem, com vistas à promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos que favoreçam a cidadania, autonomia e qualidade de vida dos sujeitos envolvidos

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Effects of Acacia seyal and biochar on soil properties and sorghum yield in agroforestry systems in South Sudan

We studied the effects of Acacia seyal Del. intercropping and biochar soil amendment on soil physico-chemical properties and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yields in a two-year field experiment conducted on a silt loam site near Renk in South Sudan. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main factor was tree-cropping system (dense acacia + sorghum, scattered acacia + sorghum, and sole sorghum) and biochar (0 and 10 Mg ha(-1)) was the subplot factor. The two acacia systems had lower soil pH, N and higher C/N ratios compared to the sole sorghum system. Biochar significantly increased soil C, exchangeable K+ contents, field capacity and available water content, but reduced soil exchangeable Ca2+ and effective CEC, and had no effect on soil pH. Acacia intercropping significantly reduced sorghum grain yields while biochar had no significant effect on sorghum yields. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for sorghum yield was 0.3 for both acacia systems in 2011, with or without biochar, but increased in 2012 to 0.6 for the scattered acacia system when combined with biochar. The reduction in sorghum yields by the A. seyal trees was probably due to a combination of competition for water and nutrients and shading. The lack of a yield response to biochar maybe due to insufficient time or too low a dosage. Further research is needed to test for the effects of tree intercropping and biochar and their interactions on soil properties and crop yields in drylands.Peer reviewe