Alternative herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis

Após sucessivos anos, aplicações do herbicida glyphosate em pomares de citros no Estado de São Paulo selecionaram biótipos resistentes de Conyza bonariensis e C. canadensis. Na ocorrência de plantas daninhas resistentes em uma área agrícola, tornam-se necessárias mudanças nas práticas de manejo para obtenção de adequado controle das populações resistentes, bem como para a redução da pressão de seleção sobre outras espécies. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar herbicidas alternativos para controle de biótipos de Conyza spp. resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate, com aplicações em diferentes estádios fenológicos da planta daninha. Três experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, em pomares de citros em formação, sobre plantas de buva em estádio fenológico de dez folhas e no pré-florescimento. Para plantas no estádio de dez folhas, controle satisfatório foi obtido com aplicações de glyphosate + bromacil + diuron (1.440 + 1.200 + 1.200 g ha-1), glyphosate + atrazina (1.440 + 1.500 g ha-1) e glyphosate + diuron (1.440 + 1.500 g ha-1). Quando em estádio de pré-florescimento de Conyza spp., a aplicação do herbicida amônio-glufosinato, na dose de 400 g ha-1, isolado ou associado a MSMA, bromacil+diuron, metsulfuron, carfentrazone e paraquat, foi a alternativa viável para controle dos biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate.After successive years, glyphosate applications on São Paulo-Brazil citrus orchards selected resistant biotypes of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis. The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes at some agricultural area makes it necessary to change the management practices to reach effective control of the selected resistant populations, as well as to reduce selection pressure on the other species. Thus, this work aimed to identify the alternative herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes of Conyza spp., with applications at different weed phenological stages. Three trials were developed under field conditions: in citrus orchards under formation, in plants with phenological stages of ten leaves and at pre-flowering. For plants at the ten leaf stage, satisfactory control was reached with applications of glyphosate + bromacil + diuron (1,440 + 1,200 + 1,200 g ha-1), glyphosate + atrazine (1,440 + 1,500 g ha-1) and glyphosate + diuron (1,440 + 1,500 g ha-1). For Conyza spp. plants at the pre-flowering stage, ammonium-glufosinate application, at the rate of 400 g ha-1, isolated or associated to MSMA, bromacil+diuron, metsulfuron, carfentrazone and paraquat, was a viable alternative to control glyphosate-resistant biotypes.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Monitoring training loads, stress, immune-endocrine responses and performance in tennis players

The study aim was to investigate the effect of a periodised pre-season training plan on internal training load and subsequent stress tolerance, immune-endocrine responses and physical performance in tennis players. Well-trained young tennis players (n = 10) were monitored across the pre-season period, which was divided into 4 weeks of progressive overloading training and a 1-week tapering period. Weekly measures of internal training load, training monotony and stress tolerance (sources and symptoms of stress) were taken, along with salivary testosterone, cortisol and immunoglobulin A. One repetition maximum strength, running endurance, jump height and agility were assessed before and after training. The periodised training plan led to significant weekly changes in training loads (i.e. increasing in weeks 3 and 4, decreasing in week 5) and posttraining improvements in strength, endurance and agility (P \u3c 0.05). Cortisol concentration and the symptoms of stress also increased in weeks 3 and/or 4, before returning to baseline in week 5 (P \u3c 0.05). Conversely, the testosterone to cortisol ratio decreased in weeks 3 and 4, before returning to baseline in week 5 (P \u3c 0.05). In conclusion, the training plan evoked adaptive changes in stress tolerance and hormonal responses, which may have mediated the improvements in physical performance

Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: From Disease to Lipidomic Studies—A Critical Review

ReviewThis article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Metabolism in Pathology and Health.Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) caused by defects in the fatty acid (FA) mitochondrial β-oxidation. The most common FAODs are characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain FAs and long-chain (3-hydroxy) FAs (and their carnitine derivatives), respectively. These deregulations are associated with lipotoxicity which affects several organs and potentially leads to life-threatening complications and comorbidities. Changes in the lipidome have been associated with several diseases, including some IEMs. In FAODs, the alteration of acylcarnitines (CARs) and FA profiles have been reported in patients and animal models, but changes in polar and neutral lipid profile are still scarcely studied. In this review, we present the main findings on FA and CAR profile changes associated with FAOD pathogenesis, their correlation with oxidative damage, and the consequent disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in polar and neutral lipid classes and lipid species identified so far and their possible role in FAODs are discussed. We highlight the need of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic studies to understand (epi)lipidome remodelling in FAODs, thus allowing to elucidate the pathophysiology and the identification of possible biomarkers for disease prognosis and an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.This research was funded by FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) for their financial support to LAQVREQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020), CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020), and the RNEM-Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-402-022125), financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Ana Moreira thanks the research contract under the research unit LAQV-REQUIMTE. Inês M. S. Guerra (2021.04754.BD) and Helena B. Ferreira (2020.04611.BD) are grateful to FCT for the PhD grants. Tânia Melo thanks the Junior Researcher contract in the scope of the Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus 2020 (CEECIND/01578/2020). The authors are thankful to the COST Action EpiLipidNET, CA19105-Pan-European Network in Lipidomics, and EpiLipidomics.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Monitoring training loads in professional basketball players engaged in a periodized training programme

The aims of this study were to investigate the dynamics of external (eTL) and internal (iTL) training loads during seasonal periods and examine the effect of a periodized training programme on physical performance in professional basketball players. Repeated measures for 9 players (28±6 yr; 199±8 cm; 101±12 kg) were collected from 45 training sessions, over a 6-wk pre-season phase and a 5-wk in-season phase. Physical tests were conducted at baseline (T1), week 4 (T2) and week 9 (T3). Differences in means are presented as % ± Confident Limits (CL). A very likely difference was observed during in-season compared to pre-season for the eTL variables measured by GPS: mechanical load (13.5±8.8) and peak acceleration (11.0±11.2) respectively. Regarding iTL responses, a very large decrement in TRIMP (most likely difference, -20.6±3.8) and in session-RPE training load (very likely difference, -14.2±9.0) was detected from pre-season to in-season. Physical performance improved from T1 to T3 for: Yo-Yo Intermittent-Recovery Test 1, 62.2±34.3, ES>1.2; Countermovement Jump, 8.8±6.1, ES>0.6; and Squat Jump, 14.8±10.2, ES>0.8. Heart rate (HR; % HRpeak) exercise responses during a submaximal running test decreased from T1 to T3 (3.2±4.3, ES1.2). These results provide valuable information to coaches about training loads and physical performance across different seasonal periods. The data demonstrate that both eTL and iTL measures should be monitored in association with physical tests to provide a comprehensive understanding of the training process

Effect of a congested match schedule on immune-endocrine responses, technical performance, and session-RPE in elite youth soccer players

This study investigated the effects of a congested match schedule (7 matches played in 7 days) on steroid hormone concentrations, mucosal immunity, session rating of perceived exertion (S-RPE) and technical performance in 16 elite youth soccer players (14.8 ± 0.4 yr; 170.6 ± 9.4 cm; 64.9 ± 7 kg). No change was observed for salivary cortisol concentration across multiple matches (p=0.33; Effect size [ES]=0.13-0.48). In contrast, there was a decrease in salivary testosterone and IgA concentrations (SIgA) from the 1st compared to the last time-point (p=0.01 and 0.001, ES=0.42 and 0.67, respectively). The SIgA concentration varied across time points (p 0.05). A higher number of tackles and interceptions were observed during the 4th match vs. 1st and 7th matches (p<0.001; ES=2.25 and 1.90, respectively). The present data demonstrate that accumulated fatigue related to participation in a congested match schedule might induce a decrease in testosterone concentration in youth players’ and negatively affect their mucosal immunity and capacity to perform certain technical actions

Validade e reprodutibilidade de receptores para o GPS em relação à distância percorrida Validez y reproducibilidad de receptores GPS en relación de la distancia recorrida

ResumenObjetivoEl presente estudio evaluó la validez y reproducibilidad de dos modelos de receptores para el Global Positioning System (GPS). La validez fue evaluada comparando la distancia registrada por los receptores con la distancia conocida de estos trayectos.MétodoSeis jóvenes tenistas (177,6±6,2cm; 76,6±3,2kg) recorrieron tres trayectos: 1) 100m en la pista de atletismo (número de “disparos” = 120); 2) 400m en la pista de atletismo (número de “disparos” = 60) y 3) 100m con cambios de dirección (número de “disparos” = 120), utilizando los equipos Garmin© Forerunner 405 y Polar© RS800.ResultadosEn los trayectos sin cambios de dirección (100 y 400m), a través de la ANOVA two way (distancia y velocidad) no se detectaron diferencias entre la distancia conocida y las distancias registradas por los receptores analizados (p>0,05). En el trayecto de 100m con cambios de dirección, se observaron diferencias entre la distancia conocida y las registradas tanto por el Polar© RS800 como por el Garmin© Forerunner 405 (p<0,05). También se verificó la diferencia en las distancias registradas por el Polar® RS800 y por el Garmin© Forerunner 405 para el trayecto realizado con cambios de dirección (p<0,05).ConclusiónA través de los datos, se puede afirmar que los receptores para GPS evaluados presentaron un nivel aceptable de precisión para distancias recorridas sin cambios de dirección, sin embargo, la precisión de estos equipos en trayectos con cambios de dirección fue limitada.AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the reproducibility and validity of two models of receivers for the Global Positioning System (GPS). Validity was assessed by comparing the distance recorded by the GPS receivers with the known distance.MethodSix young players (177.6±6.2cm; 76.6±3.2kg) performed three routes with different characteristics: 1) 100m in the athletics track (number of “sprints” = 120); 2) 400m in the athletics track (number of “sprints” = 60) and 3) 100m with changes of direction (number of “sprints” = 120), using equipment Garmin© Forerunner 405 and Polar© RS800.ResultsRegarding linear routes (100 and 400m), no differences were detected using ANOVA two-way (distance and speed) between the known distance and distance recorded by GPS receivers analyzed (p>0.05). Regarding non-linear route of, significant differences were observed between the known distance and recorded distance by the GPS receivers (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the distance recorded by Polar© RS800 and Garmin© Forerunner 405 for the non-linear route (p<0.05). Analysis of the limits of agreement reinforces the limitation of equipment in relation to accuracy for the non-linear route.ConclusionThese data suggest that the GPS receivers evaluated showed acceptable level of accuracy for linear routes, however, the accuracy of such devices on non-linear routes was limited

Insulin therapy modulates mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, autophagy and tau protein phosphorylation in the brain of type 1 diabetic rats

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine whether streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin (INS) treatment affect mitochondrial function, fission/fusion and biogenesis, autophagy and tau protein phosphorylation in cerebral cortex from diabetic rats treated or not with INS. No significant alterations were observed in mitochondrial function as well as pyruvate levels, despite the significant increase in glucose levels observed in INS-treated diabetic rats. A significant increase in DRP1 protein phosphorylated at Ser616 residue was observed in the brain cortex of STZ rats. Also an increase in NRF2 protein levels and in the number of copies of mtDNA were observed in STZ diabetic rats, these alterations being normalized by INS. A slight decrease in LC3-II levels was observed in INS-treated rats when compared to STZ diabetic animals. An increase in tau protein phosphorylation at Ser396 residue was observed in STZ diabetic rats while INS treatment partially reversed that effect. Accordingly, a modest reduction in the activation of GSK3β and a significant increase in the activity of phosphatase 2A were found in INS-treated rats when compared to STZ diabetic animals. No significant alterations were observed in caspases 9 and 3 activity and synaptophysin and PSD95 levels. Altogether our results show that mitochondrial alterations induced by T1D seem to involve compensation mechanisms since no significant changes in mitochondrial function and synaptic integrity were observed in diabetic animals. In addition, INS treatment is able to normalize the alterations induced by T1D supporting the importance of INS signaling in the brain

Sugestão de modelo de prontuário médico pediátrico para os Hospitais Universitários de Ensino

O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar os conceitos de prontuário manual e eletrônico, para apontar a necessidade da confecção de um Manual sobre o Prontuário Médico Pediátrico, mais completo, coerente e fidedigno, dirigido aos acadêmicos de diferentes áreas de saúde que atuam na rede do SUS. Apesar de se reconhecer a necessidade do Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP), as dificuldades para sua implementação ainda não foram resolvidas. O atual estágio de desconforto dos acadêmicos e dos professores diante da constatação de que os registros realizados nos prontuários manuais das Unidades de Saúde do Município não satisfazem às exigências mínimas para acompanhamento dos pacientes, aponta para a necessidade de implantação de um novo modelo de Prontuário Médico nos ambulatórios dos hospitais universitários de ensino que fazem parte do nível de maior complexidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O levantamento de dados mostrou que tais prontuários apresentam grande número de diagnósticos ilegíveis, falta de coerência e lógica na escrita, além de, muitas vezes, não possuírem os dados básicos relativos aos pacientes. Os modelos em formato tradicional, ou seja, em papel, assumem importância fundamental, porque, além de assistência, há atividades de ensino e pesquisa, cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação das ciências da saúde, educação permanente e educação dirigida aos pacientes e à comunidade, assim como o treinamento de pessoal de nível médio e auxiliar, utilizando-se de tal documentação. Conclui-se que este Manual, mesmo sem a sofisticação do PEP, surge como importante instrumento facilitador da comunicação entre profissionais da área de saúde e acadêmicos das equipes interdisciplinares, neste momento, oferecendo a oportunidade de qualificar a atenção à clientela pediátrica atendida na rede do SUS, preenchendo uma lacuna, considerando que, nos municípios, em geral, não existe um prontuário específico, único, para o registro das ocorrências e atendimento de criança